• 제목/요약/키워드: Ice-cream

검색결과 236건 처리시간 0.022초

패스트푸드 식당이용자의 식사행동에 관한 실태조사연구 (A Survey of Fast Food Ding out Behaviors)

  • 전미정
    • 대한가정학회지
    • /
    • 제28권2호
    • /
    • pp.15-29
    • /
    • 1990
  • A survey was conducted of 1,454 customers to investigate dining out behaviors at fast food restaurants of Youido department compound, Myung-dong and Gang-nam district in Seoul, in April, 1988. The results are summarized as follows; The majority, 85% of customers, were aged 14 to 30, consisting of junior and senior high school children, college students and company employees. The reasons given by customers for patronizing fast food restaurants were the following, from most to least frequent; "convenient to dining," "the adequate place for the companionship", "the surroundings and dining equipment are pleasant and hygienic", "to be able to stay as long as I want". The fast foods purchased by the customers were mostly for a between meal snack or ice cream or drink rather than a full meal. The majority of the customers ate the purchased foods at the fast food restaurnats. However, a limited number of female customers preferred to take the packed fast foods to their homes. Tast Preference was a major factor in food selection from available food items. Ice cream, juice, French fried potatoes, salad, fried chicken, rolled rice with laver, and coke were high on the list of liked foods; in constrast, lower preference was for porridge, fish burger, doughnut, chicken burger and rice cake. Preference by food nationality was highest for Korean food, then Western food, Chinese food, Italian food and Japanse food, in that order. Customers offered suggestions for better fast food service, such as lowering the price, greater variety in the menu, increasing the propotion of vegetables and fruits on the fast food menu adn developing fast foods from traditional Korean foods. The customers, in particular, emphasized a need for the development of Korean traditional beverage of malted drink and persimmon punch, as well as mungbean pan cakes and sweet-spicy rice noodles(docbokki), as fast foods.y rice noodles(docbokki), as fast foods.

  • PDF

골감소증을 동반한 지속성 복막투석환자의 다빈도섭취 음식조사 및 골밀도 개선을 위한 레시피 개발 (Frequently Consumed Dishes and Development of Recipes to Improve Bone Mineral densities in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Osteopenia)

  • 박진경;손숙미
    • 대한영양사협회학술지
    • /
    • 제12권4호
    • /
    • pp.411-431
    • /
    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the frequently consumed dish consumption frequencies of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD) patients with osteopenia and develop recipes to improve bone mineral density of CAPD. The subjects were 96 CAPD patients with osteopenia(male 39, female 57) (osteopenia group) and 45 CAPD patients with normal BMD(male 24, female 21), matched with key variables(normal group). Fifty dishes(foods) that most frequently consumed were determined and food consumption frequency for each dish(food) for two groups were compared. Osteopenia group showed lower consumption frequency for ice-cream but higher frequency in apple. Of the 50 most frequently consumed dishes(foods), 20 dishes assessed as safe and recommendable for CAPD patients with osteopenia based on the contents of protein and mineral were selected : white boiled rice, white gruel, beef soup, steamed cabbage, roasted dried laver, fried egg, roasted bean-curd, cooked and seasoned bean sprouts, corn-starch jelly, cheese, ice-cream, orange juice, apple, grape, peach, peanut, raw lettuce, raw cucumber, and injulmi rice cake. wenty eight new dishes with modified recipes were developed for CAPD patients. Protein and mineral contents were analyzed for frequently consumed 17 dishes, assessed as modification of recipes are needed. The recipes were modified to decrease P, Na and K contents and to increase protein and Ca contents. Twenty dishes(foods) selected as having reasonable protein and mineral contents ratio or 28 newly developed dishes modified with protein and mineral contents or ratio would be helpful for nutrition education or counseling for CAPD patients with osteopenia. Dishes(foods) suggested in this study would also be useful for all CAPD patients for preventing osteoporosis.

  • PDF

Observational test of CME cone types using SOHO/LASCO and STEREO/SECCHI during 2010.12-2011.06

  • Na, Hyeonock;Jang, Soojeong;Lee, Jae-Ok;Lee, Harim;Moon, Yong-Jae
    • 천문학회보
    • /
    • 제39권1호
    • /
    • pp.72.2-72.2
    • /
    • 2014
  • We have made a comparison of three cone models (an asymmetric cone model, an ice-cream cone model, and an elliptical cone model) in terms of space weather application. We found that CME angular widths obtained by three cone models are quite different one another even though their radial velocities are comparable with one another. In this study, we investigate which cone model is proper for halo CME morphology and whether cone model parameters are similar to observations. For this, we look for CMEs which are identified as halo CMEs by one spacecraft and as limb CMEs by the other ones. For this we use SOHO/LASCO and STEREO/SECCHI data during the period from 2010 December to 2011 June when two spacecraft were separated by $90{\pm}10$ degrees. From geometrical parameters of these CMEs such as their front curvature, we classify them into two groups: shallow cone (5 events) and near full-cone (28 events). Noting that the previous cone models are based on flat cone or shallow cone shapes, our results imply that a cone model based on full cone shape should be developed. For further analysis, we are estimating the angular widths of these CMEs near the limb to compare them with those from the cone models. This result shows that the angular widths of the ice-cream cone model are well correlated (CC = 0.81) with those of observations.

  • PDF

부산지역 초등학생의 비만도에 따른 식습관 조사 (The Reserch Study on the Food Habits According to Obesity Index of Primary School Children in Busan)

  • 조경자
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
    • /
    • 제19권1호
    • /
    • pp.106-117
    • /
    • 2004
  • The factors of obesity related with food habits were assessed to provide information for nutrition education database. The subjects in this study were 234 primary school children in Busan. Children were classified into normal and obese groups(mildly obese, moderately obese and severely obese) by obesity index. In self-recognition of body image, only 28.6% of MI group considered themselves as 'overweight or obese'. 87.2% of the subjects controlled their weight method with exercise. With regard to meal speed, 64.5% of the subjects ate $fast({\leq}15\;min.)$. The study also found that 79.8% of the subjects ate breakfast, 56.4% of the subjects them were moderate by obese, 40.8% of the subjects ate snacks after dinner. Eating speed, meal volume and snacks money per day were significantly different in obesity. Preference for eating out was Korean Chinese, Western and Japanese food, in order. Favorite food for snack, such as ddukbokki, fruits, milk. fried foods and candy and caramel were significantly different in obesity(p<0.05). However hamberger, pizza and chocolate were not significantly different in obesity. The most preference snack for all the subjects were fruits and ice cream. In food preference, potato, dduk, meats, fishes, cheese, milk, ice cream were significantly different in obesity. The distasteful food for subjects were patbab, vegetables, shellfishes and salt-fermented foods. From above results, obesity of children was related to meal speed, meal volume and snacks motley per day. Therefore, these results suggest that continuous and practical nutrition education to change food habits art necessary to avoid child obesity.

청주지역 일부 초등학교 고학년 학생의 스마트폰 사용시간에 따른 간식 선호도, 식행동 및 생활습관 (Lifestyle, Dietary Behavior and Snack Preference of Upper-grade Elementary School Students in Cheongju according to the Usage Time of Smartphones)

  • 김하연;배문경
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
    • /
    • 제22권1호
    • /
    • pp.40-52
    • /
    • 2017
  • Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the length of exposure to smartphone and its association with dietary behavior toward snacks, lifestyle, and nutrition knowledge in elementary school students. Methods: Subjects were 372 5th and 6th grade schoolchildren in Cheongju, Korea, and data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. They were divided into two groups by the time spent using smartphone: moderate (< 2 hours/day) and overexposure (${\geq}2$ hours/day). Data was analyzed using frequency analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, and independent t-test as well as analysis of covariance when necessary. Results: Approximately half of subjects (41.4%) reported spending ${\geq}2$ hours/day using smartphone. That habit was more frequent among students in the 6th grade, those who received more monthly allowance, and who has a working mother. 63.4% of the subjects reported that they consumed snacks while watching television, using a computer and/or a smartphone and 48.1% said that they consumed snacks while they use a smartphone. Both situations were most prevalent among those with overexposure to smartphone (${\geq}2$ hours/day). We also observed that a higher percentage of subjects from the overexposure group spent more money on snack foods with the preference for ice cream, fast food, and carbonated drinks. Further, those in the overexposure group consumed more ice cream, cookies, and carbonated drinks. In addition, they had less desirable dietary behavior and health-related lifestyle (sleep duration and frequency of regular exercise) compared to those with moderate smartphone usage (< 2 hours/day). However, there was no statistical difference in nutrition knowledge among children with different degrees of smartphone usage. Conclusions: Our results showed that longer smartphone use was associated with less desirable snack preference/consumption and other dietary behavior in elementary school students. Thus interest and positive attitudes towards healthy snacks and diet should be reinforced in nutrition education programs, especially for those who are prone to use smartphones.

Halo CME mass estimated by synthetic CMEs based on a full ice-cream cone model

  • Na, Hyeonock;Moon, Yong-Jae
    • 천문학회보
    • /
    • 제46권1호
    • /
    • pp.43.1-43.1
    • /
    • 2021
  • In this study, we suggest a new method to estimate the mass of a halo coronal mass ejection (CME) using synthetic CMEs. For this, we generate synthetic CMEs based on two assumptions: (1) the CME structure is a full ice-cream cone, (2) the CME electron density follows a power-law distribution (ρcme0r-n). The power-law exponent n is obtained by minimizing the root mean square error between the electron number density distributions of an observed CME and the corresponding synthetic CME at a position angle of the CME leading edge. By applying this methodology to 57 halo CMEs, we estimate two kinds of synthetic CME mass. One is a synthetic CME mass which considers only the observed CME region (Mcme1), the other is a synthetic CME mass which includes both the observed CME region and the occulted area larger than 4 solar radii (Mcme2). From these two cases, we derive conversion factors which are the ratio of a synthetic CME mass to an observed CME mass. The conversion factor for Mcme1 ranges from 1.4 to 3.0 and its average is 2.0. For Mcme2, the factor ranges from 1.8 to 5.0 with the average of 3.0. These results imply that the observed halo CME mass can be underestimated by about 2 times when we consider the observed CME region, and about 3 times when we consider the region including the occulted area. Interestingly these conversion factors have a very strong negative correlation with angular widths of halo CMEs.We also compare the results with the CME mass estimated from STEREO observations.

  • PDF

미국의 바이오연료와 연구 동향 (Biofuel Industry and Recent Research in USA)

  • 이종경;데이빗브랜스비
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
    • /
    • 제28권2호
    • /
    • pp.129-138
    • /
    • 2008
  • Demand for alternatives to petroleum is increasing the production of biofuels from food crops such as corn, soybeans, sorghum and sugarcane, etc. At least for the next 5 years, ethanol demand will be increased greatly in the United States and in the world. Presently, most ethanol produced in the United States is corn (Zea mays) ethanol. As a result, especially in the Americas and Southeast Asia, agricultural land is diverted to biofuel production. Even though biofuel industry has many advantage including national security, economical, energetical and sustainable impacts, it is driving grain prices up and creating considerable concern about the potential negative impacts on a wide range of food products that depend on gain : chicken, pork, beef, and dairy products such as milk, cheese, yoghurt, cream and ice cream. Feedstock crops are crops such as switchgrass(Panicum virgatum, L.), corn stover and grasses that can be used in industrial processes such as fermentation into alcohol fuels. Feedstock is no compete with food. Furthermore it is friendly environmental bioenergy crops. In Korea, with increasing demand for fossil fuels the exploration of alternative sources of liquid fuel is inevitable. I suggest Korea need to research and to develop actively on feedstock for biofuel production through this review.

호텔 양식당의 스타메뉴 개발에 관한 탐색적 연구 -서울지역 특1급 호텔을 중심으로- (A Exploratory Study on the Development of Star Menus in the Western Restaurants of the Hotels Focused on the Tourism Hotels in Seoul)

  • 이은정;이종길
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
    • /
    • 제21권6호
    • /
    • pp.629-637
    • /
    • 2006
  • This exploratory study is to analyze the status of star menus and suggest the development strategy of star menus in the western restaurants of the tourism hotels in Seoul. The data was collected from the chefs who have been working over 15-years in tourism hotels in Seoul by judgement sampling. The questionnaire was composed of Miller and Pavesic's 'Fifty tips for a successful menu' and Khan's 'The evaluation of menu item development', The 30-menu items were selected from the 1st survey on the menu items that were high in both popularity and contribution margin by menu engineering method. The selected menu items were analyzed by 14 lists: simplicity, ready availability of ingredients, quality, flavor, presentation, preparation, service method, nutrition quality, preference, profitability, serving temperature, descriptive copy of menu and publicity. As a result of the study, appetizer category was recorded the highest score by 4.09. Smoked salmon, Tomato and mozzarella cheese, Cream of mushroom, Cream of asparagus, French onion soup, Grilled beef tenderloin, Grilled rib-eye steak, Roasted lamb rack, King prawn, Seafood spaghetti, Chef's salad, Caesar salad, Organic salad, Fruit plate, Italian tiramisu and Yogurt ice cream were recorded high score. The development strategy of star menu is belows : the menu writer must consider the productivity, effectiveness, popularity and profitability, the regular customers want varieties and creativity in the menu and the operators have to include the star menu items in the set menu.

관능검사법(官能檢査法)에 의한 식품(食品)의 품질평가(品質評價)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -제(第) 4 보(報) : 시판(市販) 아이스크림의 관능적(官能的) 품질(品質)에 대한 평가시험(評價試驗)- (Studies on the Evaluation for the Quality of Food by Sensory Testing -IV. Evaluation for the Sensory Quality of Commercial Ice Creams-)

  • 채수규;이상건
    • 한국식품과학회지
    • /
    • 제14권3호
    • /
    • pp.203-209
    • /
    • 1982
  • 시판(市販) Carton 및 Cone 형 아이스크림에 대한 화학성분(化學成分) 분석(分析) 및 지방성분(脂肪成分)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質)을 조사(調査)하고, 또한 선발(選拔) 및 훈련(訓練)된 파넬에 의해 관능적(官能的) 품질(品質) 평가시험(評價試驗)을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 가. 시판(市販)아이스크림 중의 지방(脂肪), 총고형분(總固形分), 총단백질(總蛋白質), 무지유고형분(無脂乳固形分), 유당(乳糖) 및 조회분(粗灰分)함량은 제조회사별(製造會社別)로 큰 차이가 없었으며 , 그들의 평균함량은 각각 Carton형이 8.53%, 34,18%, 3.43%, 11.02%, 6.17% 및 0.84%이었고 Cone형이 6.54%, 34.02%, 3.29%, 10.40%, 5.84% 및 0.77%이었다. 나. 추출(抽出)된 아이스크림 지방(脂肪)의 산가(酸價), 감화가, 요오드가(價) 및 Reichert-Meissl가(價)는 제조회사별(製造會社別)로 다소간의 큰 차이를 나타내었으며, 그들의 평균값은 각각 Carton형이 0.58, 221.88, 19.63 및 29.04이었고 Cone형이 0.65, 219.45, 18.64 및 28.82이었다. 다. 시판(市販) 4개회사(個會社) 제품(製品)의 아이스크림을 시료(試料)로 하여 3점시험법(點試驗法), 순위시헙법(順位試驗法) 및 채점시험법(採點試驗法)에 의한 관능적품질(官能的品質) 평가시험(評價試驗)을 실시한 결과(結果) 거의 5% 수준(水準)이상에서 제조회사별(製造會社別)로 유의적(有意的)인 차이(差異)가 인정(認定)되었으여, Carton 및 Cone험 모두가 C 및 D 회사(會社) 제품(製品)의 아이스크림이 A 및 B회사제품(會社製品)의 것보다 우수하게 평가(評價)되었다.

  • PDF

소프트 아이스크림 제조기 증발기의 전열 특성 (Heat Transfer Characteristics in the Evaporator of a Soft Ice Cream Maker)

  • 변호원;이진욱;김내현
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
    • /
    • 제13권4호
    • /
    • pp.1466-1473
    • /
    • 2012
  • 소프트 아이스크림은 환형 증발부의 외측에서 증발하는 R-404A에 의해 형성된 얼음을 스크레이퍼로 깍아내어 제조된다. 본 연구에서는 소프트 아이스크림 증발기의 냉매 측 및 아이스크림 측 열전달계수를 도출하였다. 실험 결과 환형부 내 냉매 유동은 격막에 의해 매우 복잡한 양상을 보이고 열전달계수도 위치에 따라 현저히 달랐다. 즉, 유입위치의 열전달 계수가 다른 부분에 비하여 낮게 나타났다. 냉매측 평균 열전달계수는 열유속의 증가에 따라 또한 포화온도의 감소에 따라 증가하였다. 열유속과 포화온도를 변수로 하여 평균 열전달계수를 예측하는 상관식을 도출하였다. 아이스크림 측 열전달계수는 연속적으로 진동하였다. 이는 스크레이퍼에 의해 관벽의 얼음이 주기적으로 탈착되기 때문으로 판단된다. 아이스크림 원액의 단상 열전달계수는 냉각 기간 중 150 W/$m^2K$에서 250 W/$m^2K$로 증가하였다. 아이스크림 제조 시 열전달계수는 대략 280 W/$m^2K$로 나타났다.