• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.215-218
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• 1996

Frostbite involves freezing of tissues and usually affects the distal aspects of the extremities or exposed parts of the face. such as the ears, nose, chin, and cheeks. It produces tissue injury by ice crystal formation between the cells, cellular dehydration, and microvascular occulsion. There are four degrees of frostbite. First degree is accompanied by erythema and edema; second degree, by vesiculation, blistering, and eschar formation; third degree, by hemorrhagic blistering and bluish gray discoloration; and fourth degree, by injury to subcutaneous tissue, muscle, tendon, and bone leading to mottled, dry, black, and necrotic changes. We successfully treated 2 patients suffering from frostbite by performing sympathetic ganglion block with pure alcohol. We concluded sympathetic ganglion block is one of the most effective treatments for frostbite.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.38-41
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• 2009

Results from the most recent decade of Mars' missions to Mars highlight a liquid water and water-ice sculpted landscape. Evidence includes layered sedimentary sequences with weathered outcrops, debris flows, fluvial valleys, alluvial fans, deltas, glacial and periglacial landscapes, and geochemical/mineralogical signatures of aqueous activity, including the formation of sulfates and clays, and the leaching and deposition of elements such as potassium, thorium,and iron. Such evidence indicates weathered zones and possible paleosols in stratigraphic sequences, transport of water and rock materials to sedimentary basins, and the possible formation of extensive transient lakes and possibly transient oceans on Mars. This new evidence is consistent with Viking-era geologic investigations that reported magmatic-driven flooding, ponding to form large water bodies in the northern plains, and transient (tens of thousand of years) hydrological cycles. It may even indicate aqueous activity at present. Both endogenic (magmatic driven) and exogenic (both impact cratering and changes in orbital parameters) have influenced paleohydrologic and environmental change on Mars. Abundance of water and dynamic activity would be decisively important for the possibility of past and present life on Mars.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.189-197
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• 1997

The vaporizing characteristics of LNG(liquefied natural gas) via heat exchanger with sea water are analytically studied for an open rack vaporizer(ORV). This study is intended to supply the design data for the domestic fabrication of the corrosion-resistant vaporizer tube. A computational program is developed to predict the exit temperature of LNG for various conditions. In the program, thesimple and justifiable heat transfer models are selected for fully-developed internal flow of LNG, the star-shaped finned-tube, and the external falling films of sea water, as well as the possible ice formation and the fouling on the tube walls. It is found that the enongh corrugation inside of the tube wall is the most significant in the vaporizer performance for the current operating conditions. the effects of other design parameters on the heat exchanger between LNG and sea water are quantitatively presented.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• spring
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• pp.56-65
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• 1998

Methane hydrate is ice-like solid compound consisting of mainly methane and water, and is stable under specific low temperature and high pressure conditions (HSZ : methane hydrate stability zone) that occurs in permafrost regions and in the ocean floor sediments. Geophysical survey was implemented in the southern area of the East Sea, and the HSZ of the study area is determined by the temperature, pressure and local heat flow obtained from the survey and well data. In the study area, methane hydrates could exist in the sediments below the water depths of about $300{\cal}m$, and the base of HSZ is about 600m beneath the seafloor. The acoustically blanking zones in the sediment and phenomena of gas seepage were detected from the seismic section. These sediments have the sufficient physical condition for the formation of methane hydrate. The temperature and pressure conditions were experimentally measured for the dissociation of methane and propane hydrates in Pure water. Equilibrium conditions of methane and propane hydrates were obtained in the pressure range up to 19050Kpa and 401.3Kpa. Under same temperature condition, propane hydrate was dissociated at lower pressure than that of methane hydrate.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 1989

Eight-cell mouse embryos equilibrated with vitrification solution(VS3), consisting of glycerol and polyethlene glycol, were plunged directly into liquid nitrogen. The embryos were cryopreserved by vitrification without intra- and extracellular ice formation. After the vitrified embryos were warmed at 4$^{\circ}C$, sucrose dilution procedures were examined and the survival embryos were transferred to recipients after 48h incubation in vitro. The results were obtained as follows. 1. Mouse embryos equilibrated with VS3 were diluted with 1.5m sucrose-HB 1 solution, 0.5M sucrose-HB1 solution for 5min at room temperature, respectively. The proportion of vitrified-warmed embryos developed to blastocyst(85.7%) was as high as that of the embryos diluted with 1.04M sucrose-HB1 solution at 4$^{\circ}C$(85.5%). 2. Normal live youngs were obtained in 53.9%(55/102) of the vitrified-warmed embryos after tranfer to pseudopregnant recipients.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

The objective of this research was to examine the relationship between food preferences and personality of university students. The questionnaires were distributed to 198 university students in 2009. The data showed high correlation between personality and food preferences. According to the result of food preferences exams the most favorite food of university students was coffee, refreshing drinks, eggs, ice creams, bananas, porks, apples, chickens, weeds, grapes and food they dislike were sea cucumbers, livers, mung bean sprout, crown daisy, flat fishes, bean curd, green lavers, lotus roots, turban shells, egg plant etc. The correlation coefficient between food preferences and personality showed that male students had more dominance and sociability, and female students had more sociability and validity. On the other hand, a good diet group had higher responsibility and a poor diet group had higher sociability. Consequently, good food habits is essentially needed for the formation of desirable personality of students.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.301-303
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• 2005

State diagram of highly concentrated branched oligosaccharides (HBOS) was constructed to better understand phase behavior of mixtures with different size of oligosaccharides. It showed dramatic plasticizing effect on glass transition, which was successfully described based on Couchman-Karasz equation model. $T_g$' estimated from state diagram corresponded well with previous empirical data measured by maximum ice formation through isothermal holding (annealing) process. Estimated $T_g$' and $C_g$' values were $-36.3^{\circ}C$ and 79.99%, respectively. $T_g$' value of HBOS was approximately $10^{\circ}C$ higher than that of sucrose, while $C_g$' value was similar to those of general carbohydrate materials, which could be useful for applications in frozen system.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.83-89
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• 2007

A new type of object called "Very Low Luminosity Objects (VeLLOs)" has been discovered by the Spitzer Space Telescope. VeLLOs might be substellar objects forming by accretion. However, some VeLLOs are associated with strong outflows, indicating the previous existence of massive accretion. The thermal history, which significantly affects the chemistry, between substellar objects with a continuous low accretion rate and objects in a quiescent phase after massive accretion (outburst) must be greatly different. In this study, the chemical evolution has been calculated in an episodic accretion model to show that CO and $N_2H^+$ have a relation different from starless cores or Class 0/I objects. Furthermore, the $CO_2$ ice feature at $15.2{\mu}m$ will be a good tracer of the thermal process in VeLLOs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.686-691
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• 2009

Damage due to frost action in pavement structure system is creating either frost heave or stiffness-weakening of subgrade soil follow melting. The formation of ice lenses requires a frost-susceptible soil, freezing temperatures, and continuous water supply. Eliminating one of these conditions suffices to significantly reduce the intensity of frost action. It is important to know characteristics of subgrade soil in frost susceptibility or decide degree of freezing permission. Also, study on the stiffness variation of subgrade soil during freezing and thawing cycle is very important. In this study, Impact resonance test for subgrade soil at freezing and thawing confirms that is applied for.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.51.2-51.2
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• 2013

We present observational results of CO outflows towards 24 embedded young stellar objects (YSOs), which are selected from the targets of the Herschel key program, "Dust, Ice, and Gas in Time" (DIGIT). Molecular outflow activity, which is believed to have strong dependence on accretion process, is the most powerful in the early embedded phase of star formation and declines as the central protostars evolve to the main sequence stage. In order to study the relation between the CO outflows observed in low J transitions and the properties of protostars, we mapped the CO outflows of the selected targets in J=1-0 and J=2-1 with the 14-m TRAO telescope and the 6-m SRAO telescope, respectively. We also compare the CO outflow momentum fluxes with the FIR molecular line luminosities of CO, $H_2O$, OH, and OI, which were detected by the Herschel-PACS observations.