• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.100-102
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• 2007

The crude ethanol extract of leaves of Avicennia officinalis Linn. (Family: Avicenniaceae) was screened for its antinociceptive activity. The extract produced significant writhing inhibition in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice at the oral dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.001) comparable to the standard drug diclofenac sodium at the dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight. The result tends to suggest the antinociceptive activity of the extract.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.56-65
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 와인딩시 공정조건의 변화가 필라멘트와인딩 복합재의 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 와인딩시의 공정변수로는 섬유장력과 섬유엔드수를 고려하였다. 고려한 시편은 필라멘트와인딩 공법으로 제작된 링 시편으로 강화섬유는 TZ-507 탄소섬유와 IZ-40 탄소섬유를 사용하고 수지는 필라멘트와인딩용 에폭시를 사용하였다. 와인딩시 섬유장력은 0.5kgf에서 3.0kgf의 범위에서 변화시켰으며 섬유엔드수는 1엔드에서 6엔드의 범위에 서 변화시켰다. 와인딩시 섬유장력과 섬유엔드수를 변화시킨 링 시편의 섬유체적비와 기공함유율은 황산용해법을 적용하여 측정하였으며 이들 링 시편의 기계적 특성은 스프릿 디스크 시험을 통해 평가하였다. 본 연구의 수행을 통해 얻어진 결과들로 판단하면 와인딩시 섬유 장력과 섬유엔드수는 필라멘트와인딩 복합재의 섬유체적비와 기공함유율을 변화시킬 뿐 아니라 필라멘트 와인딩 복합재의 기계적 특성에도 밀접한 영향을 미친다. 따라서 필라멘트와인딩 복합재의 구조성능을 극대화하고 생산성을 향상시키기 위해서는 최적의 필라멘트 와인딩 공정조건이 적용되어야 한다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2005

본 논문은 기존의 EZW 압축방법을 이용하여 EZW 비트스트림에 이진으로 부호화된 영상을 삽입하고 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. EZW 부호화 방법은 두 가지 경로를 가지는데, 첫 번째 경로는 P, N, IZ, ZTR의 네가지 심벌을 가진다. 두 번째 경로에서는 이 심벌들에 대해 세부적인 값을 부호화한다. 제안한 방법에서는 첫 번째 경로의 ZTR 심벌을 이용하여, 웨이블릿 변환에 의해 전송되는 원영상의 고주파수 영역에 나타나는 ZTR 심벌에 워터마크를 삽입한다. 제안한 디지털 워터마킹 방법은 낮은 비트율에서 좋은 성질을 보여주었다. 향후 비디오나 3차원 영상의 워터마킹은 새로운 영역으로 자리 잡을 것이다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2018

Objective: We aimed to perform in-vitro evaluation to compare 1) shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI), and color change between self-etched and acid-etched primers; 2) the SBS, ARI and color change between direct and indirect bonding; and 3) the enamel roughness (ER) between 12-blade bur and aluminum oxide polisher debonding methods. Methods: Seventy bovine incisors were distributed in seven groups: control (no bonding), direct (DTBX), and 5 indirect bonding (ITBX, IZ350, ISONDHI, ISEP, and ITBXp). Transbond XT Primer was used in the DTBX, ITBX, and ITBXp groups, flow resin Z350 in the IZ350 group, Sondhi in the ISONDHI group, and SEP primer in the ISEP group. SBS, ARI, and ER were evaluated. The adhesive remnant was removed using a low-speed tungsten bur in all groups except the ITBXp, in which an aluminum oxide polisher was used. After coffee staining, color evaluations were performed using a spectrophotometer immediately after staining and prior to bonding. Results: ISONDHI and ISEP showed significantly lower SBS (p < 0.01). DTBX had a greater number of teeth with all the adhesive on the enamel (70%), compared with the indirect bonding groups (0-30%). The ER in the ITBX and ITBXp groups was found to be greater because of both clean-up techniques used. Conclusions: Direct and indirect bonding have similar results and all the primers used show satisfactory adhesion strength. Use of burs and polishers increases the ER, but polishers ensure greater integrity of the initial roughness. Resin tags do not change the color of the teeth.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.2641-2646
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 Haar Wavelet Transform(HWT)에 기반한 EZW 알고리즘을 적용하여 효율성 있는 영상 압축방법을 제시하였다. 제안된 Haar-EZW 알고리즘은 입력 영상을 자기유사성이 있는 상관관계를 사용한 HWT 계수를 이용하여 제로트리 부호화하는 코딩방법이다. HWT 계수가 임계값보다 크면 POS로 부호화되고, 임계값보다 작다면 NEG로 부호화된다. HWT 계수가 제로트리의 제곱근보다 크다면 ZTR로 부호화되고, HWT 계수가 임계값보다 적고 제로트리의 제곱근이 아니라면 IZ로 부호화된다. 모든 HWT 계수가 완전하게 부호화돨 때까지 이 프로세스는 반복된다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 Haar-EZW 알고리즘을 Daubechies, Antonini와 비교하였다. 그 결과로 Haar-EZW 알고리즘의 PSNR이 Daubechies, Antonini보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1998

The present study was primarily carried out to characterize the properties of the spinomesencephalic tract (SMT) neurons that project from the upper cervical spinal segments to the midbrain. It was also investigated whether these neurons received convergent afferent inputs from other sources in addition to cervical inputs. Extracellular single unit recordings were made from neurons antidromically activated by stimulation of midbrain. Recording sites were located in lamina $I{\sim}VIII\;of\;C1{\sim}C3$ segments of spinal cord. Receptive field (RF) and response properties to mechanical stimulation were studied in 71 SMT neurons. Response profiles were classified into six groups: complex (Comp, n=9), wide dynamic range (WDR, n=16), low threshold (LT, n=5), high threshold (HT, n=6), deep/tap (Deep, n=10), and non- responsive (NR, n=25). Distributions of stimulation and recording sites were not significantly different between SMT groups classified upon their locations and/or response profiles. Mean conduction velocity of SMT neurons was $16.7{\pm}1.28\;m/sec$. Conduction velocities of SMTs recorded in superficial dorsal horn (SDH, n=15) were significantly slower than those of SMTs recorded in deep dorsal horn (DDH, n=18), lateral reticulated area (LRA, n=21), and intermediate zone and ventral horn (IZ/VH, n=15). Somatic RFs for SMTs in LRA and IZ/VH were significantly larger than those in SDH and DDH. Five SMT units (4 Comps and 1 HT) had inhibitory somatic RFs. About half (25/46) of SMT units have their RFs over trigeminal dermatome. Excitabilities of 5/12 cells and 9/13 cells were modulated by stimulation of ipsilateral phrenic nerve and vagus nerve, respectively. These results suggest that upper cervical SMT neurons are heterogenous in their function by showing a wide range of variety in location within the spinal gray matter, in response profile, and in convergent afferent input.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2014

Purpose: The dental medicine has been preparing the custom-made service to meet the requirements of the aged society, while the average span of human life is growing more and more, and the full denture is a representative of them. It is causing great concern in these atmosphere of society, and demands for it are expected to increase. The full denture is a uniform combination of denture base and artificial teeth using polymerization, and is most influenced by change of physical properties of denture base and bonding strength with artificial teeth. Methods: In this study, the samples were made of composite resin combined with occlusion surface of artificial teeth undergone mechanically surface treatment to evaluate the bonding strength of composite resin for repairing artificial teeth. The resin teeth used in this study are 3 types artificial teeth. And 3 types of composite resins are used that are various polymerization resin. The shear strength of composite resins made in various polymerization ways to resin teeth was measured to evaluate bonding strength of artificial teeth to each composite resins. Results: Surface hardness's results on Trubyte Biotone(74.58Hv), Biotone IPN(70.06Hv), Endura Posterio (64.48Hv). Results of bonding strength of artificial teeth to composite resins on ES samples(8.73Mpa), IF(4.37Mpa) and IZ(3.84Mpa). Conclusion: 1. The Trubyte Biotone(74.58Hv) was first, followed by Biotone IPN(70.06Hv), and Endura Posterio(64.48Hv) in surface hardness's results of worn sides using hardness test. 2. The ES samples(8.73Mpa) showed significant differences with IF(4.37Mpa) and IZ(3.84Mpa) (p<0.05), but not other samples(p>0.05) in results of bonding strength of artificial teeth to composite resins.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 웨이블렛 변환에 기반한 EZW알고리즘을 적용하여 효율성 있는 영상 압축방법을 제시하였다. 이 방법은 영상을 Daubechies 필터에 의하여 웨이블렛 변환하고 대역간 웨이블렛 계수들의 상관관계를 이용하여 제로트리 부호화하는 EZW 알고리즘을 적용하여 웨이블렛 계수의 크기가 임계값이상이면 POS, NEG 심볼로 분류하고 임계값 이하이면 IZ, ZTR 심볼로 분류하여 주 부호화과정과 종속 부호화과정을 수행하며 임계값을 반으로 줄이면서 부호화과정을 반복하는 영상압축방법이다. 본 연구에서 제시한 방법을 수행하여 영상압축한 결과를 정지영상압축방법에 사용되는 JPEG알고리즘에 의하여 수행한 영상압축결과와 비교한 결과 본 연구에서 제시한 영상압축결과가 부호화 복호화에서 원하는 비트율로 조절할 수 있고 낮은 비트에서 우수한 PSNR값을 나타내며 블록현상이 발생하지 않아 JPEG의 영상압축방법보다 우수하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.901-917
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• 2018

In this paper, we first introduce the notions of (2, ${\beta}$)-Banach spaces and we will reformulate the fixed point theorem [10, Theorem 1] in this space. We also show that this theorem is a very efficient and convenient tool for proving the new hyperstability results of the general linear equation in (2, ${\beta}$)-Banach spaces. Our main results state that, under some weak natural assumptions, functions satisfying the equation approximately (in some sense) must be actually solutions to it. Our results are improvements and generalizations of the main results of Piszczek [34], Brzdęk [6, 7] and Bahyrycz et al. [2] in (2, ${\beta}$)-Banach spaces.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2005

The crude methanolic extract of the leaves of Amoora cucullata Roxb. was investigated for its possible anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenin induced rat paw edema model and cotton pellet implantation method in rat. The extract was also studied for its antinociceptive activity using acetic acid induced writhing model in mice. At the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, the extract showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in both models. At the same doses, the extract also significantly reduced the number of acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction (writhing) in mice. The crude extract also showed significant diuretic activity in albino mice.