• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of conventional insemination (in vitro fertilization [IVF]) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) on the fertilization, developmental competence, implantation potential, and clinical pregnancy rate of embryos derived from in vitro matured oocytes of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: A prospective study was carried out among 38 PCOS patients who had undergone In vitro maturation (IVM) treatment. In total, 828 immature oocytes were collected from 42 cycles and randomly assigned for insemination by IVF (416 oocytes) or ICSI (412 oocytes). After fertilization, the embryos were cultured until the blastocyst stage and single embryos were transferred after endometrial preparation and under ultrasound guidance. Results: No significant differences were found in the maturation rate (78.1% vs. 72.6% for IVF and ICSI insemination, respectively; p= 0.076), fertilization rate (59.4% vs. 66.9% for IVF and ICSI insemination, respectively; p= 0.063), or the formation of good-quality blastocysts (40.9% vs. 46.5% for IVF and ICSI insemination, respectively; p= 0.314). Implantation and clinical pregnancy also did not show significant differences. Conclusion: There was a comparable yield of in vitro matured oocytes derived from PCOS patients in terms of fertilization, blastocyst formation, implantation rate, and clinical pregnancy between IVF and ICSI insemination. These findings provide valuable insights for choosing assisted reproductive treatment in women with PCOS, as IVM offers promising outcomes and is less invasive and less costly.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate on the improvement of fertilizing ability of in vitro matured oocytes from sperm density and motility by intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) into the porcine oocytes. 1. The in vitro fertilization and cleavage rates of oocytes from 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 ($\times$10$^{6}$ $m\ell$) sperm concentration by IVF and ICSI of porcine oocytes were 46.7%~75.0%, 60.0%~85.7% and 10.6%~25.0%, 20.0%~64.3%, respectively. 2. The in vitro fertilization and cleavage rates of oocytes from 20, 40, 60, 80% of sperm mortilty by IVF and ICSI of porcine oocytes were 46.4%~71.4%, 67.9%~85.7% and 7.1%~21.4%, 28.6%~60.7%, respectively. 3. The in vitro fertilization and developmental rates of oocytes by IVF and ICSI methods were 55.6%~60.0%, 77.8%~80.0% and 17.8%~24.0%, 42.2%~56.0%, respectively. This ICSI method was improved high fertilization rates of porcine oocytes.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2002

Objective : This study is to evaluate the efficacy of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for previous fertilization failure with conventional in vitro fetrtilization (IVF), compared with ICSI for male factor. Method: The author analyzed the 3 years of clinical experience with ICSI retrospectively, between the conventional IVF failure group (IVF failure) and male factor group (male factor). Surgically retrieved epididymal or testicular spermatozoa for ICSI were excluded. The IVF failure group was 13 cycles of 6 patients and male factor group was 30 cycles of 15 patients. Results: The fertilization rates of the IVF failure group and male factor group were 63% and 66% respectively (p=0.635). The clinical pregnancy rates of the both group were 23.1% and 26.7% (p=0.804), and that of live birth rates were 15.4% and 13.3% (p=0.858). There were no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: The author concluded that ICSI can overcome previous fertilization failure, with the same fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates seen in patients with male factor.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2004

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) duration on the development of Korean Native Cattle embryos. The time of blastocyst formation and the quality of blastocysts based on cell numbers were examined. The cleavage rate increased with the length of IVF duration in the groups of 18-hr IVM, but was constant in the groups of 24-hr IVM. The development rate to the 8-cell stage was significantly higher in the IVM 18: IVF 20 group than in the IVM 24: IVF 24 group. The development rate to the blastocyst stage was highest in the IVM 18: IVF 20 group, significantly different from that of the IVM 18: IVF 16, IVM 24: IVF 20 and IVM 24: IVF 24 group. The time of blastocysts formation tended to be shorter when IVM and IVF duration were decreased. The number of inner cell mass, trophoblast and the total cells were significantly higher in the IVM 18: IVF 16 group than in the IVM 24: IVF 24 group (P<0.05). These results demonstrated that the IVM and IVF duration should be adequate for the efficient production of bovine embryos, and it might particularly be essential to determine the proper combination of IVM and IVF duration.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate on the improvement of fertilizing ability of in vitro matured oocytes from sperm density, motility and polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP) concentration, by intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) into the bovine oocytes. 1. The in vitro fertilization and cleavage rates of oocytes from 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 ($\times$106/ml) sperm concentration by IVF and ICSI of bovine oocytes were 45.0%~65.0%, 65.0%~90.0% and 10.0%~30.0%, 35.0%~70.0%, respectively. 2. The in vitro fertilization and cleavage rates of oocytes from 20, 40, 60, 80% of sperm motility by IVF and ICSI of bovine oocytes were 47.8%~75.0%, 78.3%~90.0% and 8.7%~25.0%, 34.8%~70.0%, respectively. 3. The in vitro fertilization and cleavage rates of oocytes from 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05% of PVP concentration by microinjection of single into the bovine oocytes were 72.7%, 90.9%, 83.3%, 76.9% and 45.5%, 72.7%, 58.3%, 61.5%, respectively and these values of 0.02% addition of PVP were higher than other concentrations of PVP. 4. The in vitro fertilization and developmental rates of oocytes by IVF and ICSI methods were 63.3%~64.6%, 26.7%~29.2% and 88.2%, 47.1%, respectively. This ICSI method was improved high fertilization rates of bovined oocytes.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.287-296
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• 2011

Mammalian fertilization is a complex cascade process consisting of sperm migration through the female reproductive tract, physiological changes to sperm such as sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, and sperm-egg interaction in the oviduct in vivo. On the other hand, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process by which egg cells are fertilized by sperm outside the body: in vitro. IVF has been used for a variety of purposes in reproductive biotechnology for human and animals. The discovery of sperm capacitation in 1951 promoted the development of IVF technology. In the initial stage of IVF, sperm capacitation in preincubation medium was shown to be essential to fuse with eggs. Besides, sperms should detour some of the in vivo regulations for IVF. This review introduces a general mammalian fertilization process, including sperm capacitation, removal of cumulus matrix, acrosome reaction, and sperm-egg fusion and focuses on the roles of key biochemical molecules, signal mechanisms, and genes involved during IVF and novel results of sperm-oocyte interaction elucidated in various gene-knockout mice models.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.96-104
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes between in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in sibling oocytes. Additionally, we evaluated whether the implementation of split insemination contributed to an increase in the number of ICSI procedures. Methods: A total of 571 cycles in 555 couples undergoing split insemination cycles were included in this study. Among them, 512 cycles (89.7%) were a couple's first IVF cycle. The patients were under 40 years of age and at least 10 oocytes were retrieved in all cycles. Sibling oocytes were randomly allocated to IVF or ICSI. Results: Total fertilization failure was significantly more common in IVF cycles than in ICSI cycles (4.0% vs. 1.4%, p<0.05), but the low fertilization rate among retrieved oocytes (as defined by fertilization rates greater than 0% but < 30%) was significantly higher in ICSI cycles than in IVF cycles (17.2% vs. 11.4%, p<0.05). The fertilization rate of ICSI among injected oocytes was significantly higher than for IVF ($72.3%{\pm}24.3%$ vs. $59.2%{\pm}25.9%$, p<0.001), but the fertilization rate among retrieved oocytes was significantly higher in IVF than in ICSI ($59.2%{\pm}25.9%$ vs. $52.1%{\pm}22.5%$, p<0.001). Embryo quality before embryo transfer was not different between IVF and ICSI. Although the sperm parameters were not different between the first cycle and the second cycle, split insemination or ICSI was performed in 18 of the 95 cycles in which a second IVF cycle was performed. Conclusion: The clinical outcomes did not differ between IVF and ICSI in split insemination cycles. Split insemination can decrease the risk of total fertilization failure. However, unnecessary ICSI is carried out in most split insemination cycles and the use of split insemination might make ICSI more common.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.105-109
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• 2018

A 40-year-old G1 P0 L0 A1 woman was referred to our clinic with 6-year history of infertility. Before visiting the clinic, she had 3 cycles of In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) procedures (2 cycles of Controlled Ovarian Stimulation-IVF and 1 cycle of frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer (ET)) at other clinic. She had medical history of abortion at early gestation following FET (frozen-thawed-ET). The patient had complete type of septate uterus, double cervix and longitudinal vaginal septum. Vaginal septotomy was done first and 1 month later, hysteroscopic septoplasty was followed using ballooning filled with dye. After septoplasty, we inserted ballooning and left for several days to compress septal endometrium on the septectomy area. All procedures were done in the ambulatory operating room without laparoscopy or admission. 3 months later, she had in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and FET procedures in our clinic. She had successful pregnancy and now is at 22 weeks of gestation. New ambulatory septoplasty using dye-filled ballooning is easy, safe and minimally invasive surgery for treatment of complete septate uterus.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 1989

Successful techniques of in vitro fertilization(IVF) are valuable for studying the process of fertilization and for developing economical procedures for gene and nuclear transfer in farm animals. To date, bovine IVF system has been developed with oocytes in vitro or vitro, but the resulting zygotes exhibit limited embryonic development after in vitro culture. Even though in vitro matured oocytes achieved high fertilization and cleavage rates, these embryos appear extremly low rate of pregnancies when transferred to synchronized recipients. Development of early bovine embryos in vitro is generally arrested at the 8-to 16-cell stage. However, recent use of somatic cells such as trophoblastic vesicle, granulosa and oviduct epithelial cell for co-culture with early bovine embryos has proven effective for development of embryos, matured and fertilized in vitro, past the in vitro cell blocks. These factors clearly indicate the value of the co-culture system in promoting development of bovine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro to morula or blastocyst stage in vitro. In addition, co-culture system may beome a tool for evaluation of viability of ova that have been manipulated by procedures such as splitting, microinjection and nuclear transfer.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.194-204
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• 2011

Purpose: Many infertile women are receiving in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). But side effects occur after IVF-ET and pregnancy rate is still low. So this study is to report the effect of herbal medicine on a woman receiving IVF-ET and herbal medicine's low risk on a pregnant woman. Methods: The patient was underwent artificial insemination five times and IVF-ET three times. In this study, the patient steadily took a herbal medicine before IVF-ET to birth. Results: The side effects of IVF-ET and the miscarriage symptoms ware decreased. And by taking a herbal medicine during IVF-ET, the patient was pregnant and gave birth when she was 33 weeks pregnant by cesarian section. Conclusions: This case study shows that herbal medicine is effective for reducing side effects of IVF-ET and increasing pregnancy rate. And in this case the patient gave birth to healthy babies, althogh steadily taking herbal medicine during pregnancy.