• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.388-397
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• 2001

In forestry, where improvement of labor environment is quite impossible, improved posture would result in direct effects by preventing waste of physical strength, prevention of accidental injury caused by fatigue accumulated on certain body parts, and prevention of human error by inattentiveness due to weakened body. Therefore, this research carried on analysis of working posture in manual forest work(thinning using chain-saw, salvage cutting using chain-saw, clearing using hand saw, clearance of twiner using sickle, pruning using saw with a long handle, and tending of young growth using sickle) using OWAS analysis system. According to the OWAS method, percentage of OWAS action categories III and IV in the tasks using chain-saw and sickle was higher than another tasks. For the compared middle skillful worker group and low skillful worker group at felling work using chain-saw, percentage of OWAS action categories IV in middle skillful worker group was 5.1%, and low skillful worker group was 14.1%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.408-421
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• 2000

We tried to establish the culture method of the chondrocyte isolated from the epiphyseal cartilage and to investigate morphological changes of chondrocyte cultured with enzyme-digested costal cartilage, the perichondrium and experimentally damaged meniscus of rabbit. De novo chondrocyte pellets were prepared from epiphyseal plates by culturing isolated epiphyseal chondrocytes from 4 week. old rabbits. We morphologically assessed the cartilage formation of the chondrocyte culture with enzyme-digested costal carilage, the perichondrial culture, the cultured chondrocytes transplants into experimentally damaged meniscus of rabbits, the perichondrial culture, the cultured chondrocytes transplants into experimentally damaged meniscus of rabbit. In the 24 days, the epiphyseal chondrocytes maintained the typical phenotypes of the partial nodular cell formation. The 30 days cryopreserved chondrocytes showed abnormal and irregular shape. In the type II collagen added culture, the chondrocytes showed expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum and small and large round-like vesicles of processes. In the type IV collagen added culture, the chondrocytes showed large perinuclear vaculoes and abundant well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum of processes. In the culture with enzyme- digested costal cartilage and the perichondrial culture, the chondrocytes showed a few swelling rough endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles. The cultured epiphyseal chondrocytes maintained typical phenotype and the chondrocytes were grown faster and maintained more typical phenotype in the type II and IV collagen added culture. The transformed chondrocytes secreted abundant extracellular matrix in the type II collagen added culture, and showed processes in the type IV collagen added culture. The perichondrial chondrocytes were grown faster and their implants were able to transplant. The cultured chondrocytes transplanted into experimentally damaged meniscus were adapted between the meniscus tissues. And the immunocyto-chemical reaction of the type II collagen of the chondrocytes were found to be maintained. The chondrocytes cultured cartilage. The chondrocytes secreted abundantly. The cultured chondrocytes transplanted into experimentally damaged meniscus changed immature cells into enlarged mature cells with extracellular secretion.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 1984

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the speed of grinding and coolants on mercury vaporization during amalgam removal. Forty amalgam filled stone dies were stored at $37^{\circ}C$ and 100% relative humidity for 7 days prior to the beginning of the mercury vapor experiment and were divided into 4 different groups; In Group I; Used by high speed without coolant & evacuator during amalgam removal. In Group II; Used by high speed with coolant & evacuator during amalgam removal. In Group III; Used by low speed without coolant & evacuator during amalgam removal. In Group IV; Used by low speed with coolant & evacuator during amalgam removal. The amalgam specimens were removed in a 30-second time period and mercury vapor was collected with membrane filter at 27mm from the site of removal and 45 degree above there. Samples in Group II, IV were removed with coolant spray at a flow rate of 30 ml/min with high-velocity evacuator. Mercury vapor collected membrane filter was analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer using cold vapor method. The results were as follows; 1. The mercury vapor levels were obtained all of the Groups. 2. The mercury vapor levels of the Group II, IV (with coolant & evacuator) were less than that of the Group I, III (without coolant & evacuator). 3. The highest mercury vapor level recorded during amalgam removal procedure was Group I (used by high speed without coolant & evacuator) and its record was $0.78{\pm}0.09\;mg/m^3$, which exceed the T.L.V. by 15 times. 4. The mercury vapor level of the Group IV (used by low speed with coolant & evacuator) was more than that of the Group II (used by high speed with coolant & evacuator), but its difference was not significant, statistically. (p > 0.05)

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare retrospectively the efficacy of anti-osteoporotic agents (RAL-Raloxifene 60 mg, ALD-weekly alendronate 70 mg, RSD-weekly risedronate 35 mg, AVD3-weekly alendronate 70 mg/vitamin $D_3$ 2800IU, IBD-quarterly IV ibandronate 3 mg/3 ml, ZLD-yearly IV zoledronate 5 mg/100 ml) in postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia. Method: This study retrospectively reviewed medical record and compared the lumbar spine BMD percentage changes of each medicine group one year later from the baseline. 209 patients (27, 50, 60, 30, 35, and 7 patients in RAL, ALD, RSD, AVD3, IBD, and ZLD groups, respectively) are within the inclusion criteria for the study. Results: From baseline to month 12, lumbar spine BMD increased significantly larger with bisphosphonate groups, compared to SERM (p < 0.05). In all bisphosphonate groups, the lumbar spine BMD were increased significantly from baseline. Of the bisphosphonates, the changes from baseline in BMD of IV bisphosphonates were more larger than those of oral bisphosphonates, and yearly, quarterly bisphosphonates yielded significantly greater BMD gains, compared with weekly bisphosphonate groups (p<0.05). In addition, patients receiving 70 mg weekly alendronate+vitamin D3 had greater gains in BMD than alendronate Single preparation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bisphosphonates yielded significantly greater BMD gains than SERM. Of the bisphosphonates, the changes from baseline in BMD of yearly, quarterly IV bisphosphonates yielded significantly greater BMD gains, compared with weekly oral bisphosphonate groups. In addition, vitamin D3 plays an significant role in BMD gains.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.468-478
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of balancing taping therapy on reducing headache in patients with angina pectoris undergoing nitrate IV therapy. Methods: A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used. A total of 50 patients with angina pectoris undergoing nitrate therapy at G hospital participated in the study. For measuring pain intensity, the Visual Analogy Scale (VAS) and Non-Verbal Pain Behavior Scale were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 program. Results: No significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in pain intensity. However, the number of times of analgesics of experimental group was significantly lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Balance taping can be effective in pain for patients undergoing nitrate IV therapy. Therefore, utilizing the balance taping can be useful method to reduce headache in patients with angina pectoris during the IV therapy of nitrate.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 1982

In 1977, spent fuel storage capacity of Ko-Ri Unit 1 was raised to contain 4-2/3 core, by reducing the center-to-center spacing between fuel assemblies from 53.34cm to 36cm. In this paper the adequacy is discussed in detail by examining the previous design analysis report. According to the analytic method presented by Core Performance Branch, study on credible abnormal moderator density condition is performed by using KENO-IV for the redesigned spent fuel storage facility. Result shows that 36cm for the center-to-center spacing between fuel assemblies is not enough to keep the storage safe at water density of 0.1143g/㎤, which gives the maximum $K_{eff}$ 0.9958$\pm$0.0048, which exceeds the CPB regulation limit 0.98. From sensitivity study regarding to the center-to-center spacing, it should be maintained to space greater than 43cm in order to meet the CPB requirements.s.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2009

A method of instrumentally estimating seismic intensity (MMI) based on the Fourier Acceleration Spectrum of earthquake ground-motion, the so-called 'FAS MMI method' of Sokolov and Wald (2002), was evaluated for its applicability to Korea based on the empirical models of mean (m) and standard deviation (${\sigma}$) for Korea according to individual seismic intensity for MMI ${\leq}$ IV (Yun et al., 2009). This evaluation showed that the error in estimating the seismic intensity using the FAS MMI method is ${\sigma}$ = 0.74 MMI, and was further reduced to ${\sigma}$ = 0.61 MMI if the dependency of the error on earthquake magnitude and distance is additionally corrected. It is also shown that FAS MMI based on the FAS semi-empirically evaluated from small earthquakes for damaging earthquakes in Korea with maximum MMI ${\geq}$ VI could predict the observed MMI with the maximum error of 0.63 by using the combined FAS m-${\sigma}$ models of Korea for MMI ${\leq}$ IV and global region for MMI ${\geq}$ V.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-67
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• 1987

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest objective basic data for the environmental design through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of forest landscape. For this, landscape values of forest landscape have been evaluated by using the Iverson method, the images structure of forest landscape's main utilizing space have been analysed by the factor analysis algorithm, degree of visual preferences have been pleasured mainly by questionnaries and SBE method, and finally these thesis can be summarized as fallow LCP with high values of Iverson factors I and IV yield high landscape value. Specifically, Iverson factor IV has been found to play the dominant. For all experimental points, significant seasonal variations in S.D. scale values have been observed. In natural parks, where artificial structures are complementary to the natural landscape, main factors of image are S.D. scales such as the visual sequence, the formal simplicity of structures, the emphasis, the unification of heterogeneous factors and the assimilation. Factors covering the spatial image of natural parks have been found to be the overall evaluation, the individual characteristics, the tidiness, the potentiality, the dignity, the intimacy and the space volume. For all seasons, factors such as the individual characteristics, the dignity, the tidiness, the potentiality, yield high factor scores. As for factors determining the degree of visual preference, variables such as the summit, the skyline, rocks, the water and the degree of natural destruction by artificial structures yield high values for all seasons.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.74-84
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• 2009

The study aims that high quality recycled sand by wet manufacturing system can be used in practical way through basic material property. The basic material property test was done by 4 categories, dry manufacturing system (1) tandem and (2) parallel, wet manufacturing system (3) large capacity and (4) small capacity. RS-IV is the final production of (1) to (4) method, it is tested via KS F 2573 (recycled fine aggregate). RS-IV is satisfied with 4 items, those are absolute dry density, 0.08mm sieve throughput, clay lump amount, and organic impurity substance content. However, absorptivity item has problem in (1) and (2) method, (3) and (4) method are confirmed with norms 5% low. Also, the production quality of wet manufacturing system is better than dry manufacturing system in absolute dry density, absorptivity, 0.08mm sieve throughput, and clay lump amount.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.947-950
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• 2001

This paper implements H.263 codec using SIMD(single instruction multiple data) method in real time based on PC. This system uses INS algorithm previously proposed by the authors as motion estimation module. SIMD method is used in DCT, IDCT, quantization, motion estimation, and display module. The developed algorithms are implemented using TMN5. Using the above algorithm, H.263 Codec can communicate more than 15 frames/sec in CIF resolution on a Pentium-IV 1.7GHz computer.