• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.371-374
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• 2021

Triglopsis quadricornis Linnaeus, 1758 (Cottidae) is distributed in the Atlantic and Arctic and has four unique bony protuberances on its head. Here, we report the complete, circular, and annotated mitochondrial genome of T. quadricornis. The complete T. quadricornis mitochondrion was sequenced by high-throughput Illumina HiSeq platform. The sequences are 16,736 bp in size and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, a control region, and large and small ribosomal subunits. The overall genomic structure of T. quadricornis mitochondrion was conserved with the gene arrangement of Megalocottus and Myoxocephalus species, and phylogenetic analysis supports their sister relationships. Most PCGs consist of TAA or TAG as a termination codon, whereas COII, ND4, and CYTB have T-- as a stop codon. This complete mitochondrial DNA information of T. quadricornis will provide an essential genomic resource to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary history of the family Cottidae.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2022

A green alga specimen was collected from the eastern coast of Korea. This species shared the typical features of genus Ulva and was characterized by irregularly shaped thalli, relatively small and thick thallus, entire undulate margins without serrations, and one or two pyrenoids per cell. In a phylogenetic tree, based on sequences of the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer region, it nests as a sister clade to a few species including Ulva ohnoi, which has a relatively large thallus. This Korean algal specimen differs from the species forming the same subclades, including U. ohnoi, Ulva fasciata, Ulva reticulata, and Ulva gigantean, and has a relatively small (3-8 cm) and thick (60-100 ㎛) thallus. Of these species, U. ohnoi, originally described from Japan, is similar to the Korean alga as it had a thick thallus of 30-90 ㎛, but it has microscopic serrations on the thallus margin, unlike the Korean alga. The genetic distance between the Korean alga species and the aforementioned species was determined to be 1.8%-4.8%, indicating an inter-specific divergence level at the genus Ulva. Herein, Ulva grossa sp. nov. (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) from Korea is described based on the morphological and molecular analyses.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.255-262
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• 2022

In this study, the fungal strain KNUF-21-F39 was isolated from a declined apple tree (Malus domestica) in the Chungcheongbuk province in Korea. The strain KNUF-21-F39 presented a slow growth rate and a variety of macroconidia shapes and sizes ranging from ovoid to fusoid and 1- to 5-septate, primarily showing 3- and 4-septate, with "S" -shaped macroconidia rarely observed. The strain was identified based on morphological characteristics along with phylogenetic analysis performed using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1), RNA polymerase largest subunit (rpb1), and calmodulin (cal) genes. The fungal strain KNUF-21-F39 was identified as Fusarium diversisporum, which has not been previously reported in Korea. The ice nucleation activity (INA) of the strain was also evaluated, identifying the strain as positive for INA. This is the first report characterizing F. diversisporum as an IN-active fungal species.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.909-915
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• 2023

A specimen of longarm mullet Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836) belonging to the family Mugilidae was collected from Yerae-dong, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do Island, Korea, on July 19, 2023, using a hand net. The specimen was identified as Moolgarda cunnesius based on its morphological traits, including pectoral fin reaching the third or fourth spine of the first dorsal fin, anal fin higher than the first and second dorsal fin, two dorsal and caudal fin membranes with small melanophores, and a slightly convex interorbital region. Furthermore, molecular analysis, specifically comparison of the 623 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA COI sequences, confirmed that our specimen perfectly matched M. cunnesius. It is well known that the species is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, including the Red Sea, Taiwan, and northern Australia, and this study shows that it also inhabits the Jeju-do Island, Korea. Additionally, we propose a new Korean name 'gin-pal-sung-eo' for this species.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.97-108
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• 2024

In this study, three fungal isolates belonging to the phylum Ascomycota under classes Leotiomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Sordariomycetes were isolated from soil in Korea. These species were designated as KNUF-22-003, KNUF-22-005, and KNUF-20-NI016, respectively, and identified based on their phylogenetic relationships and morphological characteristics. The isolates were confirmed through molecular phylogenetic analyses of their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, 28S rDNA large subunit (LSU), and actin (ACT1 ) gene sequences. Cultural and morphological characteristics of strains KNUF-22-003, KNUF-22-005, and KNUF-20-NI016 were matched with Chaetomella oblonga CBS110.78^T, Oidiodendron chlamydosporicum CBS403.69^T, and Sarocladium subulatum CBS217.35^T, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on C. oblonga, O. chlamydosporicum, and S. subulatum in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.658-665
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• 2011

An wild boar species which has been known as an extinct species on Jeju Island, was recently observed in the surrounding areas of Mount Halla. Based on the molecular techniques, this study examines whether they are crossbred with domesticated pig breeds. Intraspecific genetic relationships with other wild boar populations and molecular sexing were examined as well. Total of four molecular markers on mitochondrial DNA(control region and ND2) and nuclear DNA(MC1R and KIT) were applied to test crossbreeding between with domesticated pig breeds, such as Landrace, Large White, Berkshire, Hampshire, and Duroc. All individuals of wild boar population had identical mtDNA control region(CR) sequences. In addition, the sequences were the same as those of some native pig breeds which are distributed in Northeast China, but different from those previously reported from the Korean Peninsula up to date. These results suggest that this population may have originated from a genetic lineage had been not previously studied and genetically related to Chinese native pig breeds. Molecular sexing results show that there are twice as many females as male. Thus the population is under expansion and its size will dynamically increase if not controlled.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2016

During the year 2014, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) had been observed with dark brown spots on the leaves at Andong, Cheongsong, Mungyeong in Korea. Symptoms initially appeared as small, black lesions on the leaves, and sometimes, the leaves become yellow and ultimately leads to fall off the leaves. The pathogenic fungus grown in potato dextrose agar was white or sometime gray with mycelia in tufts and from which numerous conidia were produced. The conidia were straight and fusiform in shape and measured $8.3-17.2{\times}2.5-4.1{\mu}m$. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA sequence analysis for sequence similarity of the ITS region revealed 100% identity with nucleotide sequences for Colletotrichum acutatum. The morphological characteristics, pathogenicity and molecular data have been confirmed that the symptomatic pathogen was C. acutatum. This is the first report of anthracnose caused by C. acutatum on black locust in Korea.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.543-553
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• 2017

Sesame (Sesamum indicum) is an important oil seed crop of Asia. Yields can be negatively impacted by various factors, including disease, particularly those caused by fungi which create problems in both production and storage. Foliar diseases of sesame such as Alternaria leaf blight may cause significant yield losses, with reductions in plant health and seed quality. The work reported here determined the incidence of Alternaria species infecting sesame seeds grown in the Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 428 Alternaria isolates were obtained from 105 seed samples and grouped into 36 distinct taxonomic groups based on growth pattern and morphological characters. Isolation frequency and relative density of surface sterilized and non-surface sterilized seeds showed that three isolates (A13, A47 and A215) were the most common morphological groups present. These isolates were further identified using sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the Alternaria major allergen gene (Alt a 1). Whilst ITS of rDNA did not resolve the isolates into Alternaria species, the Alt a 1 sequences exhibited > 99% homology with Alternaria alternata (KP123850.1) in GenBank accessions. The pathogenicity and virulence of these isolates of Alternaria alternata was confirmed in inoculations of sesame plants resulting in typical symptoms of leaf blight disease. This work confirms the identity of a major source of sesame leaf blight in Pakistan which will aid in formulating effective disease management strategies.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.777-786
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• 2016

Raillietina species are prevalent in domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Phayao province, northern Thailand. Their infection may cause disease and death, which affects the public health and economic situation in chicken farms. The identification of Raillietina has been based on morphology and molecular analysis. In this study, morphological observations using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopies (SEM) coupled with molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene were employed for precise identification and phylogenetic relationship studies of Raillietina spp. Four Raillietina species, including R. echinobothrida, R. tetragona, R. cesticillus, and Raillietina sp., were recovered in domestic chickens from 4 districts in Phayao province, Thailand. LM and SEM observations revealed differences in the morphology of the scolex, position of the genital pore, number of eggs per egg capsule, and rostellar opening surface structures in all 4 species. Phylogenetic relationships were found among the phylogenetic trees obtained by the maximum likelihood and distance-based neighbor-joining methods. ITS2 and ND1 sequence data recorded from Raillietina sp. appeared to be monophyletic. The query sequences of R. echinobothrida, R. tetragona, R. cesticillus, and Raillietina sp. were separated according to the different morphological characters. This study confirmed that morphological studies combined with molecular analyses can differentiate related species within the genus Raillietina in Thailand.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.547-554
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• 2016

The genus Tilia is characterized by linear form bracts of which the lower part is attached to the peduncle of a cyme. This character is distinguished from the others genus of Malvaceae. The purpose of this study is verifying the phylogenetic relationship of genus Tilia. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted to evaluate relationships of 10 taxa of Tilia in Korea and Japan including one outgroup (Gossypium hirsutum). The molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted with sequences based on ITS, trnL-F and rpl32-trnL region. The combined data result of ITS, trnL-F and rpl32-trnL was formed by 6 clades. T. kiusiana situated as the most basal clade. T. amurensis, T. taquetii and T. rufa are composed a clade. T. koreana, T. insularis and T. japonica was formed independent clade. T. insularis has the closest relationship with T. japonica. T. miqueliana, T. mandshurica, and T. megaphylla are composed a clade and showed a sister relationship than other species.