• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.380-385
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• 2017

Maritime accidents caused by a ship include collisions, sinking, stranding and fire etc. This study is intending to consider fire accidents among such diverse marine accidents. It is much likely that various sorts of fires break out because crews are living in a narrow space for long periods of time consequent on the ship's characteristic of sailing on the sea. This study carried out a simulation through the special program for fire analysis - FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) in order to find the effective evacuation time, i.e. life survival time. Particularly, this study did comparative analysis of the influence on the survival of cadets based on the collected simulation data by fire size and sort. As a result of the analysis, It was analyzed the Evacuation Allowable Limit Temperature $60^{\circ}C$ and resulted that there is no influence in evacuation by temperature. In case of visibility analysis, it reached to 5m which is the Evacuation Allowable Limit at 117 seconds under the condition of wood fire in 1MW. When there is Kerosene in 1MW, it took 92.4 seconds to reach by 5m which is the Evacuation Allowable Limit. Theoretical evacuation time for the non-tilted ship was 118.8 seconds in 1MW sized fire so it is shown that the most passengers are met the evacuation safety in case of wood fire. However, the majority of passengers could not be ensured the evacuation safety in Kerosene case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.401-406
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• 2010

Vessel Operator has been navigating with subjective sate distance in accordance with night & daytime, fore & aft, port & stbd abeam and visibility situation. This sate distances may different depending on inside & outside harbor limit, current, wind and visibility situation. By now, the concept of proper sate distance between navigating vessels has been adopted in Korea, using the early 1980's foreign data. And the safe distance is being used with the same value without any consideration of inside & outside harbor and the kind of vessel. So it is necessary to evaluate or search proper distance concept based on different sate consciousness of Korean manners. This paper aims to develop the basic model for marine traffic evaluation and the new model of marine traffic congestion. Also this paper proposes the basic control guideline of vessel traffic service center. The result of this study showed that minimum sate distance should be 4.4L forward, 3.1L aft and 26L abeam in case of good visibility in daytime, considering various parameters such as visibility, day and night. Some differences Here found between the existing minimum sate distance and the new minimum sate distance derived from the result of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.600-606
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• 2016

Seafarers are often placed in circumstances that require emergency evacuations due to various causes, including ship collisions, sinking, stranding, and fires. Achieving shorter evacuation time is an important factor in increasing the survival rate during these circumstances, but the narrow and complicated structure of ships is an obstacle when it comes to executing a quick evacuation. Also, unpredictable restrictions may be imposed by bad sea or weather. In this study, various experiments were conducted with sailors currently on board ships in order to examine factors that increase evacuation time. The data was then and analyzed. Evacuation time was measured by dividing crews into groups: sailors that were given an explanation of the ship's structure and those that were not. Furthermore, the visibility range was divided into 0 m, 3 m, and 5 m. The results indicated that, having an explanation of the ship structure did not have much of an effect on evacuation time but visibility conditions led to an increase in evacuation time with a maximum of 2.5 to 2.6 times longer when the visible distance was 5 m, 0 m and 3 m. Therefore, ensuring a visible distance of over 5 m was determined to be the most important factor for reducing evacuation time. In the future, effort should be made to ensure a greater visible distance to improve the survival rate of seafarers and passengers on board ships that encounter incidents.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.313-321
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• 2017

Traffic accidents in the country have steadily increased. Although IOT technologies have been applied so as to prevent the primary accident, practical solutions to prevent the secondary accident have not been suggested. A general guideline is simply recommended. In this paper, utilizing existing communication technology, we implement a proposed model and its simulation to prevent the secondary accident. When it is possible for a driver to secure visibility, the secondary accident can be prevented; In areas like tunnel, mountain terrain, and curve road with heavy traffic, where the driver has difficulty in securing the visibility, the secondary accident rates after the primary accident have been increasing. Therefore, we implement an accident prevention system that determines the primary accident utilizing sensor technology and prevents the secondary accident communicating through V2V or V2I. After the simulation, we found that the proposed model and the existing model made no difference with regard to the secondary accident rates when the visibility of the driver is secured; With the application of the proposed model, however, the accident rates decreased for 3-7 percent even though the visibility and communication were not secured.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.610-615
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• 2018

Globally, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is being developed and operated in advanced countries. China's Beidou is developing rapidly, starting with global positioning system (GPS), which is the most representative system. In this paper, we analyze the visibility of Beidou satellite in Korea at present time to utilize rapidly changing Beidou. In this analysis, it is compared with GPS which is stable service. The results of the visibility analysis are based on the results of the mask angle (the low elevation satellite exclusion angle) and the result of the skyplot (a visual representation of the position of the satellite at the user location). Visibility analysis shows that the high elevation angle of Beidou satellite is higher than that of GPS satellite in Korea. In addition, GPS and Beidou's availability and positioning accuracy analysis are performed to confirm the effect of increasing elevation angle satellites. According to the results, Beidou is more effective than GPS in using high elevation satellites in Korea.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.29-33
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• 2014

Cleanroom fires were simulated by using Fire Dynamics Simulator. A grid size of $0.5{\times}0.5{\times}0.2m^3$ was selected following review of grid sizes. Fires in three large cleanrooms were investigated to confirm safety by applying the requirements on temperature, visibility, and carbon monoxide concentration in performance based design. The worst situation without sprinkler system and air flow of 0.1 m/s downward in the cleamrooms was considered. It was confirmed that all the three cleanrooms were safe in case without sprinklers since the temperature was below the safety requirement. Decrease in visibility and carbon monoxide concentration due to the fires were negligible.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8889-8895
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• 2015

It is necessary to secure the underwater visibility in order to perform underwater works such as rubble mound leveling or inspection and management of underwater structures. In this study, turbidity data for typical port area in Korea were measured and analyzed according to the region. Underwater monitoring system including underwater camera and sonar system, which can be effectively attached to underwater equipment for various turbidity conditions, was also investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.5 s.114
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• pp.72-89
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of eyeshadow color(brown, purple), lipstick color(red, red purple, and yellow red), and lipstick tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark), clothing color(same, different), clothing tone(vivid, light, dull, and dark) on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 128 color pictures manipulated with the combination of eyeshadow color, lipstick color, lipstick tone, clothing color, and clothing tone using computer simulation. The subjects were 768 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components, attractiveness, visibility, stability, and softness). In the 4 image components, lipstick tone, clothing color and clothing tone showed independent effect. Eyeshadow color influenced independently on the attractiveness, visibility and stability. According to the variation of clothing color and tone, makeup color, it was investigated that the images for a clothing wearer were expressed diversely, were shown differently in image dimensions, and could be produced to different images.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.1350-1357
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• 2010

In tunnelling, temporary ventilation is very important factor in the safety of worker and the work efficiency which is affected by visibility. There are a lot of problems in the recent tunnel construction, because the longer the tunnel, the more the present design doesn't satisfy the allowable standard about dust and air pollution. Especially, In case the length of tunnel is more than 1,000m, the ventilation efficiency tends to decrease. In this study, the field measurement of the degree of contamination was performed near the face of tunnel. Based on the results obtained, the main factors of problem in temporary ventilation are the difference of temperature between outside and inside, the rate of leakage of ventilation duct and the dust and so on. It maybe helpful to the solution of problems, and also the accurate ventilation estimate.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.32-44
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of preferred images of school uniform and free clothing on preferred images of hair among high school girls. The data were collected between November and December 2014 from 300 high school girls in their's, living in Changwon province. The data have been analyzed by using SPSS program. The methods of factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression have been adopted for the data analysis. The results of this study are as followings: The factors of preferred images of school uniform consist of six dimensions of attention, neatness, vividness, visibility, practicality, and trend. The factors of preferred images of free clothing consist of six dimensions of neatness, practicality, attention, vividness, visibility, and trend. The factors of preferred images of hair consist of six dimensions of concentration of attention, convenience, elegance, attention, trend, and cuteness. Preferred images of school uniform and free clothing resulted in a correlation with preferred images of hair. Preferred images of school uniform and free clothing had an influence on preferred image of hair. It is highly expected that this study is used as the useful sources of marketing plans of fashion industries targeting high school girls.