• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.518-535
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• 2001

Nursing practices should be based on the understanding of human beings. In order to understand human beings, it is important to study the lifestyles and thoughts of people in their natural environment. In this sense, the cultural aspects of a society need to be studied for a culture-bound nursing service. Child care, which is an important element of nursing, is also strongly influenced by the culture of a society. Therefore, a cultural study is necessary to understand the child-rearing practices of any society. The major purpose of this dissertation is to provide basic foundations for developing a culture-based theory for nursing intervention through studying traditional cultural elements of child care in Korean society. The study examined child-rearing practices in a small village on Koje Island in the southern part of Korea. It utilized ethnographic methodologies including participatory observations and in-depth interviews. The study participants were 9 Korean mothers living on Koje Island. The average age was 52. The data were collected between July in 1998 and December in 1999. The average number of interviews per person was 7-8, and the duration of each interview was approximately 2 hours. The data were analyzed using the Spradley Analytical Method. The following 9 major child-rearing aspects of mothers on Koje Island were discovered as a result of the study: 1. Firstly, mothers on Koje Island were mostly concerned about the "Old Birth Goddess' Curse", especially during their child's early years. This concern was evidenced by their careful behavior when their child was very young and by their praying to the Old Birth Goddess not to be jealous of their babies. 2. Secondly, they wished their children to live a different and better life than themselves. It was represented by their strong motivation toward their children's education as well as their expectation for their children's success. In traditional Korean culture, Korean people think that the rise and fall of the household depend on their offsprings. Therefore, Korean mothers wish their children attain to a higher level of social status through education. 3. Third, mothers are concerned about their children's righteousness. Mothers on Koje island expect their children to live with discretion, justice, strength, respect, harmony, and to do their best in life. 4. Next was an 'anticipation of their children's happy marriage'. The attributes of this category were an 'anxiety about their children's married life', and 'an expectation of a good spouse for their children'. Because Korean people believe that only a son can continue the bloodline of a family, especially Korean mothers have a great concern of the possibility of their daughters not having a son after marriage. Also they have different expectations toward their daughter-in-laws than son-in-laws. 5. Korean mothers also derived their satisfaction from their son. It was characterized by 'excessive affection toward their son', 'dependency on their son', and 'being afraid of their married daughter having a girl like themselves'. Korean society has been a patriarchy. Therefore, a son is beloved as someone who will take care of his old parents, be in charge of ancestral rites, and provide a daughter-in-law who can conceive a son. 6. The sixth category concerned 'the differences in their expectations for their children'. The attributes in this category were 'different expectations depending on their children's gender', 'different expectations depending on their children's ability', and a 'great sympathy toward children with low abilities'. Korean mothers expect their son to become better than their daughter. 7. The seventh category was related to their 'roles in child-caring practices'. Traditionally a child was raised in an extended family system in Korea So it was not the sole duty of a mother to bring up the child. Korean mothers used to receive much help rasing children from their in-laws, and family members. On the other hand, many children grew up by themselves, because their mothers were very busy taking care of housework. Furthermore, many children also grew up in poverty. 8. Mothers also had issues related to 'conflicts in child rearing'. They were characterized by 'lack of understanding', 'rudeness of children', and 'giving vent to one's anger'. 9. Finally, mothers regretted not doing their best in child-rearing practices. It was characterized by a 'bitter feeling of repentance', 'feeling irritated', and 'feeling of unsatisfaction'.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.245-276
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• 2008

본 연구는 상표자산의 구성요소에 대한 선행요인을 분석하고 이를 토대로 하여 상표자산 구성요소와 상표자산 영향요인간의 관계 그리고 상표자산 구성요소와 구매의도간의 관계를 규명하고 한국과 영국을 중심으로 비교하여 상표자산관리 방안을 도출해보고자 하였다. 연구결과, 정보탐색은 제품지식에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 상표태도와 상표지식은 상표 충성도와 상표 가치에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 상표충성도와 상표가치는 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 정보원천의 경우, 한국에서는 제품지식에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있는 반면, 영국에서는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권29호
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• pp.129-149
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• 2012

최근 페이스북이 오픈 플랫폼을 통해 다면시장을 형성함으로써 게임 분야에 소셜이 본격적으로 등장하기 시작하였다. 그중 가장 크게 주목을 받고 있는 분야는 소셜 네트워크를 기반으로 발전한 SNG 분야이다. SNG란 Social Network Game으로 소셜 네트워크 서비스(Social Network Service)의 인맥 관계를 기반으로 제작한 게임을 말한다. SNG의 가장 큰 특징은 게임 실력보다는 네트워크를 통해 이루어진 이웃간의 교류가 게임의 가장 큰 요소로 작용하는 것이다. 이러한 소셜 네트워크 게임의 빠른 성장과 함께 연구되어야할 분야는 인간과 인간, 인간과 게임, 게임과 게임 간의 소통이라 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 SNG을 플레이하는 유저들의 심리가 소셜을 기반으로 하는 게임 속 캐릭터에 어떠한 영양을 미치는지에 대한 것을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방식은 성격 특성의 상관관계를 검증하는 방식으로 심리학적 성격 5요인 특성(Big Five Factor Model)과 리커트(likert) 척도를 사용하여 유저가 생성한 캐릭터와 성격 5요인 특성을 대입하는 방식을 사용 하였다. 본 논문을 통해 게임을 플레이하는 유저들의 심리상태를 파악하는 방식이 연구되어짐으로써 미래의 소셜 네트워크 게임이 어떠한 방향으로 발전해 나갈 것인지에 대한 준거점 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.56-80
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• 1984

The main objectives of the present study is to evaluate Physician's Health Education Activities by means of physician's direct response to the prepared questionnaire and patient's perception to the physician in the course of medical care. For the data collection, the present study was conducted from Aug. 16 to Oct. 7, 1983 for 739 patients and 91 physicians who were attended outpatient clinics of 5 general hospitals in Seoul. The major findings are summarized as follows: 1. Self-evaluation on Physician's Health Education Activities (1) In consideration of health education services for the patient, the data revealed that 9.9% of the sampled physician wanted to strength public health and preventive medicine lecture in the curricula at medical education. On the other hand, only 1.1% expressed that they wanted to make it short. (2) In consideration of the necessity of health education service, it was shown that 95.6% of physicians agreed to take it into consideration. Self expression for the practice of health education was placed on the 3.15 score when 5 point scale used. (3) To evaluate the degree of an explanation about medical care for the patient, Index score with 4 point scale was employed. The Index score for the first time was shown that scale was placed on 3.23 for 'diagnosis', 3.12 for 'progress of the disease', 3.11 for 'discription of procedure' and 3.02 for 'cause of the disease' respectively. In comparison of the physician's explanation about the status of disease for the first and the second visitors to clinic, they evaluated themselves as giving more detailed explanation for the second visitors rather than the first visitors. 2. Physician's Health Education Services evaluated by patients (1) To evaluate physician-patient communication at beginning time for taking history about disease, the Index score with 5 point scale was employed. The data on taking history have shown that the score placed on 3.07 for those patients who visited the first time and 2.53 for second visitors. And the score about listening from the patients was placed on 3.52 and 3.42 respectively. (2) The Index score with 5 point scale, as used before, was also employed to evaluate medical care services for the patient. The data evaluated by the patients was shown that the score placed on 4.21 for patient treatment in general, 4.58 for physician's credibility, and 3.6 for physician's kindness. However, approximately 80% of those who failed to understand physician's explanation was caused by highly sophisticated medical terminology. (3) According to the Index score with 4 point scale, to evaluate physician's explanation, the data was shown that the patient who visited the first time gave 2.51 for 'diagnosis', 2.35 for 'progress', 2.11 for 'cause of the disease' and so on. It is acknowledged on the whole that the patients who visited the second time have more satisfaction in physician's explanation about their disease, than those who visited the first time. 3. Comparison of self-evaluation of Physician's Health Education Activities and patient's perception. (1) There was communication barriers between physicians and patients in expressing some medical terminology. For example physician understood that they explained more than 50% of medical terminology into common words for the patient, but 30% of patient complained medical terminology used by physician. (2) Comparing the index score of health education practice recognized by patients and physicians for both first visit and revisit groups, it was shown that the Index score of health education activities evaluated by physicians themselves were slightly higher than the score evaluated by patients.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.35-82
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• 2014

이 연구는 사이버농업기술교육 참여자의 학습특성과 효과를 분석하여, 적절한 지원방안을 제언하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 문헌연구와 인터넷 조사를 통하여 수행되었다. 이 연구를 통하여 밝혀진 결과는 다음과 같다. 사이버농업기술교육을 수강하는 학생들은 50대와 40대의 대졸수준의 도시출신으로 농업분야 전공자가 아닌 사람들이 다수로서, 월 200-300만원미만의 소득을 올리고 있고, 주로 남성이 농사지식, 개인적능력개발, 담당업무처리능력 개발 목적으로 주로 참여하고 있고, 사이버교육이나 농업에 대한 선행학습경험이 약간 부족한 수준이었고, 학습양식은 구체적-순차적형, 두 가지 이상 복합형이 많았다. 사이버 농업기술교육에서 전반적으로 만족도나 학업성취는 우수하고, 내용구성이나 현업적응도는 비교적 적절한 수준이며, 운영지원과 영향력, 학습과정은 보통수준이었다. 한과목이하 이수집단보다 두과목이상 이수집단이 영향력 평가가 긍정적이었고, 수료증과정과 공개과정 모두를 이수한 집단이 공개과정만 이수한 집단보다 만족도가 더 높았다. 이상의 연구결과를 통하여 농촌진흥청 사이버 농업기술과정에 대한 지원방안을 특성화 프로그램으로의 확대, 지원인력의 확대, 온라인과 오프라인 모임공간 제공, 교육생지역의 농업기술센터와의 연계를 통한 blended learning system 도입, 학습자들의 이해를 돕기 위한 용어와 사전 제시, 흥미유발과 지원을 도울 사이버 튜터 및 인터넷 전화 활용을 제안하였다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 1992

In this county, the gap between the urban 'haves' and the rural 'have-nots' continues to be an increasing problem. WHO and UNICEF see primary health care(PHC) as the key to achieving an acceptable level of health throughout the world as a community development. PHC is essential health care made accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them. It is the first level of contact of individual, the family, and community with the national health system. It includes at least education on health system. It includes at least education on health problems, promotion of food supply, MCH including family planning, immunization against infectious diseases, control of endemic diseases, treatment of common diseases and injuries, promotion of mental health, and provision of essential drugs. However, of the aboves, education concerning of mental health problems and the methods to identify, prevent, and control them is the principal step of establishment. In Korea, the category of PHC worker includes the physician as public doctor and nurse as primary health care practitioner and community health leader as village health worker. PHC workers of the aboves will thus function best if they are appropriately trained to respond to the health needs of the community. However in this country, since the national PHC service project launched in 1980, the government has not developed and performed appropriate and enough education and training activities. In light of above reasons, several categories of health education activities had been planned and performed being aimed at above specific target groups and the main focus was on the village health workers for about one year from July 1991 to July 1992 in Yeoju Kun of Kyonki Province. At the end of the period, evaluation of education input was carried out to measure the improvement of healthful life of people in terms of awareness, attitude, and practice. At the end of the period, evaluation of education input was carried out to measure the improvement of healthful life of people in terms of awareness, attitude, and practice. The totals of 80 village health workers, 13 public health practitioners and 9 public docters took in the course of health education for a few hours at every month and the evaluation works of educational effect were taken. The results the study were as follows. 1) Number of persons who realized the maxim "health care of the people is a duty of the government" increased after the education course, On the other hand, the rate of satisfaction on the effort of government for health promotion of the people decreased. 2) Public doctors and primary health care practitioners(nurses) liked and enjoyed the education schedule as a meeting of peer group. It provided chances of communication with staffs of Korea University Hospital. It was said that lectures covered great deal of knowledge and technic they urgently needed in the field. 3) After finishing the education course, more of village health workers(VHW) thought they adapted themselves to their roles and functions showing increased number of home visit and contact with primary health care practitioners by month. 4) In case of patient refer, VHW preferred primary health care practitioners to public doctors. 5) Capability of VHWs in most of their functions increased dramatically after when the education course finished except tuberculosis control.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.247-269
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• 2007

현대에 있어 동질적인 품질과 편익을 제공하는 제품을 가지고 다수의 기업들이 시장점유율 증대와 고객확보를 위하여 치열한 경쟁을 벌이고 있는 가운데 가격할인은 기업이 즐겨 사용하는 촉진수단이다. 가격할인은 단기적 매출향상, 소비자의 브랜드전환, 신제품의 시장침투 등의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 사용된다. 실제로 과거의 실증연구에 의하면 다양한 형태의 가격할인이 판매증대에 효과적이며 가격할인은 소비자의 지각가치를 증가시킨다고 하였다. 하지만 할인된 가격은 제품의 품질을 의심하게 하거나 낮게 평가하는 부정적인 효과가 있다는 사실이 밝혀졌으며, 모든 제품카테고리와 모든 구매상황에 대하여 가격할인이 소비자의 지각가치를 향상시킨다고 볼 수 없다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 브랜드애호도의 차이가 있는 제품을 대상으로 가격할인율에 따라 소비자의 지각가치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 연구함으로서 브랜드애호도의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 브랜드애호도가 강한 제품에 대한 지각획득가치와 지각거래가치는 가격할인율이 낮을 때 보다 큰 경우에 증가할 것으로 예측하였으나 분석결과 유의적인 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났는데, 이것은 브랜드애호도가 강한 경우에는 가격할인에 의한 지각희생의 감소량이 크지 않았고 브랜드 자체에 대한 신뢰도와 속성에 대한 만족도가 높기 때문에 가격인하가 브랜드선택에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다는 것을 의미한다고 할 수 있다. 반면 브랜드애호도가 약한 제품에 대한 지각획득가치와 지각거래가치는 가격할인율이 낮을 때 보다 큰 경우에 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 브랜드애호도가 약한 경우에는 제품으로부터 획득하게 되는 편익에 대한 만족도와 신뢰도가 낮은데 이러한 특성을 고려해보면 가격할인이 클 때에 제품의 품질과 편익을 더욱 평가절하하거나 심리적으로 지각희생의 크기가 증가됨에 따라 지각가치가 감소되었음을 의미한다고 할 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.212-222
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• 1989

When the head nurse who is pivotal in the nursing service administration of the hospital performs efficiently as a first-line manager, the effectiveness of the nursing unit, which includes the quality of nursing care, the jab satisfaction of staff members, and the cohesiveness of staff members is increased. With this point of view in mind, the researcher carried out a study to determine the actual work (the content of the work, the work process, the role of the head nurse, the activity media, and the purpose of the work) of the head nurse in a university hospital in Korea. In addition, this study was also carried out for the purpose of preparing an ideal model for the work of the head nurse. The research subjects were 39 head nurses. This included all the head nurses in two university hospitals except those who were working in outpatient care, operating rooms, central supply, nursing administration, in-service education and emergency care. Data were collected from September 24th to October 21th, 1987 and April 4th to 12th, 1988. A work activity record on which the head nurse recorded directly in a chronological narrative form, was used as the research instrument. The 234 work activity records, 39 head nurse's continuous recording over 6 days(from Monday to Saturday) were collected and analysed. The results were as follows ; 1. With regard to the work content for the total daily work of the head nurse, 45.2% of the activities were managerial activities but 58.1% of the head nurse' s time was spent in direct patient care. 2. With regard to the work process of the head nurse, specifically the location, the size and membership of groups contacted, the results were as follows : 1) Of the total daily work activities 92.4% were carried out in the nursing unit and this occupied 84.5% of total daily work time. Direct patient care was generally performed on the nursing unit and managerial work was performed in other areas. 2) Of the total daily work activities, 73% was with one or more persons and 51.2% of total daily work time was spent in groups. 3) A total of 51 persons, working in different capacities were contacted. These included 21 persons giving patient care, 19 persons working in nursing unit management, and 7 persons working in human resource management. 3. With regard to the head nurse's role in work activity, 53.3% of total daily work activities involved the informational role, 26.9%, the interpersonal role and 19.9%, the decisional role. With regard to time, 57.7% was spent in the informational role, 23.9%, in the interpersonal role and 18.3%, in the decisional role. When the head nurse performed managerial work, she gave nearly equal emphasis to all three roles when she gave direct patient care the informational role was increased. 4. With regard to the activity media, the number of unscheduled activities accounted for 27.1% of the activities, scheduled activities, 24.3%, desk work activity, 22.1%, rounds, 12.5% and telephone calls, made or received, 14.0%. In daily total work time managerial work related to desk work and scheduled activities were high, ranging from 29.8% to 29.9% but for direct patient care time, scheduled activities and unscheduled activities were high, ranging from 23.6％ to 35.3%. 5. With regard to the purpose of the work performed, 54.4% of the total daily work was concerned with the team and 41.4% was concerned with the agency. The managerial work was concerned mainly with the team and the direct patient care was concerned mainly with the patient. When the frequency of an activity and time were compared no significant difference was found between the days for which the work was recorded for any of the variables : the work content, the work process, the work role, the activity media and purpose of the work. On the basis of this study the following are proposed as an ideal model for head nurse work in Korea : The managerial work should be increased to 70%. The decisional role activities should be increased to 40%. Twenty percent of the work activity should be allocated to agency, community and profession. It is believed that this model for the head nurse's work can contribute to guidelines for job description development. Finally, educational programs, organizational and structural devices, and administrative support are needed for the proper function of the head nurse in this proposed model.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2011

현대 정부의 가장 중요한 과제 중의 하나는 시민들에게 최고의 서비스를 제공하기 위한 다양한 방법들을 모색하는 것이다. 본 연구는 도시공원의 민간위탁을 위한 적용 방안 및 적정 절차를 수립하여 적극적인 시민 참여를 이끌어 내고, 시민들의 만족도를 향상시키기 위한 제도적 방안을 찾고자 진행되었다. 구체적으로 공원운영 수탁자의 선정 기준 및 이를 선정하기 위한 심의위원회의 구성 등과 같은 제도적 지원절차를 수립하고자 진행되었다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 결론은 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 첫째, 도시공원의 운영은 경비절감, 인력양성, 경영효율, 노하우 축적 등의 측면에서 민간에 위탁하여 관리하는 것이 지자체 혹은 정부에서 직영으로 운영하는 것보다 효율적인 방안이 되며, 이에 대한 법제적 근거는 중앙 법령과 지자체 조례에 근거 조항이 마련되어 있다. 둘째, 공원 민간위탁 수탁자 선정을 위한 심사위원회는 6~9명으로 구성하는 것이 바람직하며, 내부 인사와 외부 인사의 비율이 균형을 이루도록 한다. 또한, 심사위원회의 운영은 단순히 수탁자 선정에만 국한되는 것이 아니라, 심사 기준의 재편 및 운영에 대한 자문 등도 수행하며, 해당 내용은 향후 민간위탁의 운영 개선을 위한 지침서로 활용할 수 있다. 셋째, 수탁자 선정은 사전에 공지되어야 하며, 각 지자체의 실정에 맞는 일정한 기준에 따라 평가되어야 한다. 해당 기준으로는 공공성 측면, 경비절감 측면, 서비스 질 제고 측면, 관리 감독 측면, 시민 참여 측면 등이 고려되어야 하며, 이들 기준에 따라 정량 지표와 정성 지표로 구분하여 심사위원들의 평가가 이루어져야 한다. 넷째, 공원운영의 민간위탁을 수행하기 위하여 사업 공모와 수탁자 모집 공고 및 접수, 심사위원회의 구성 및 평가, 수탁자 선정 및 계약 체결, 위탁 성과의 중간 평가, 재위탁 혹은 재공고의 과정을 통해 진행되어야 한다. 민간위탁을 통한 도시공원 운영은 도시공원이용객들의 재방문 기회를 확대할 것으로 기대되며, 다양한 계층의 시민참여를 실현하여 도시공원이 녹색문화공동체를 구축하는데 중요한 역할을 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.64-87
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is aimed to grasp the factors, which may influence the harmonized organizational efficiency of the objects of hospital structure as well as its structural constituents of each departments of administration, nursing, and para-medical personnels, in order to provide basic data enable to contribute in the development of hospital. The survey data involved in the study was derived from 385 personnels working in 5 medium and small sized hospitals in Seoul area. The main finding of the study can be summarized as follows; 1. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the general characteristics of subjects in order of male, over 30 years of age, university graduates, long-term tenure and high position is higher, whereas, in as much as wage and well trained personnels in administration departments are higher, its organizational efficiency is higher in comparison with those of nursing and para-medical departments. 2. The organizational efficiency in accordance with satisfaction and the motive contributional factors is higher as much as the high satisfactory level in every departments in general. 3. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the factors of job characteristics is higher in as much as difficulty of the jobs is lesser, however there was not statically significance between administration and para-medical departments. In as much as the job circulation is intact, job standard level is higher and the more job responsibility the higher organizational efficiency, while the more workload and the more work feud resulted lower organizational efficiency. It was obvious that the higher professional expertise as well as the training and application level are improving the organizational efficiency. 4. The organizational efficiency in accordance with the factors of structural characteristics was higher in as much as the intercommunication was smooth and the structural formalization level are higher, however there was not statically significance between the participation level of decision making and the organizational efficiency. 5. In as much as higher educational level of over university graduates, management of organization and the job level are satisfied, the psychological motive contributional level is higher, while the lesser job difficulty, the smooth job performance, the higher level of professional expertise, the higher structural formalization level, the smooth intercommunication, have affected as major influence factors of the structural characteristics of organizational efficiency. 6. As the management of hospital organization, the job level and personal relation are satisfied or psychological motive is provided, especially when there are no difficult jobs or smooth job circulation and no job feud are prevailing, it was apparent that the organizational efficiency is improving accordingly. The nursing departments has high educational standard and is satisfied in the management and job level of hospital organization as there are no difficult jobs while the level of hospital's organizational formality is high and the intercommunication is smooth, which are improving the organizational efficiency. The para-medical departments is also satisfied the management and job level of hospital organization and it was apparent that the organizational efficiency is higher in as much as the level of job standardization is high and the intercommunication is smooth. As a result of this study, in order for improving the organizational efficiency of the medium and small sized hospitals, the management and job level as well as personal relation are preferably satisfied, whereas the level of job circulation, job responsibility, the expertise and formalization of organization, intercommunication and etc. should be satisfied, and, therefore, it is advisable to buildup discriminated organizational management and environment for different division on the basis above factors. Since this study is carried on several hospitals in Seoul area, there is a certain limit to generalize its result to all domestic hospitals, nevertheless the gallop poll was made by developing the questionnaires with reasonability and reliability. Especially, as the study was carried by analyzing the comparison of influence factors' difference of organizational efficiency in accordance with the divisional characteristics of the medium and small sized hospitals.