• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2022

Purpose - This research intends to find out whether R&D cost stickiness shows differentiated aspects depending on exports in Korea. A cost behavior that indicates a lower rate of costs decrease when sales decrease than the rate of costs increase when sales increase is called cost stickiness. This sticky cost behavior is caused by considering the adjusting costs. This study aims to empirically verify that R&D cost stickiness is greater in export firms than in non-export firms. We also investigate the effect of exports on R&D cost stickiness is nonlinear. Design/methodology - We obtain data for the analysis from Kis-Value and TS2000 from 2012 to 2020. This study tests for R&D cost stickiness of exports using the cost stickiness model developed by Anderson et al. (2003) that is used in a lot of prior literature. To explore the nonlinear behavior of R&D cost stickiness we include a quadratic term of exports in our model. Findings - The results of our analysis are as follows. First, we observed that R&D costs of export firms are more sticky than that of non-export firms. Our result indicated that export firms are less likely to reduce R&D costs in decreasing sales periods in preparation for future sales recovery. Second, our empirical evidence shows that export firms view R&D costs much favorably. However, we hypothesize that the effect of export intensity on R&D costs may not necessarily be linear. Our result shows the effect of exports intensity on R&D stickiness is thus nonlinear, forming a reverse U-shaped curve. When export intensity exceeds a certain threshold, the growth rate of R&D costs appears to be viewed negatively. Firms with relatively high export intensity do not support R&D costs, viewing them as taking away firms' resources from other more productive costs. On the contrary, those with export intensity under the threshold view R&D costs as beneficial and therefore promote further R&D costs when revenue decreases. Originality/value - The results of this research can contribute academically to the expansion of empirical research on R&D cost stickiness. R&D cost stickiness varies by industry. As a result of our research, the managers of export firms recognize the importance of R&D to lead innovation. We expected that this research contributes to further studies on R&D costs and cost stickiness. Second, this research has implications from a business perspectives. Our findings of export firms' R&D stickiness suggest that export firms' managers should consider keeping the stickiness of R&D when revenue decreases because it is essential for exporting firms to maintain their R&D stickiness to secure long-term competitiveness. R&D stickiness can be used on a practical basis to emphasize the need for continuous investment in exporting firms' R&D activities.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

The importance of intangible assets have increased unprecedentedly with the advent of the knowledge-based society. Investment in R&D has contributed to the rise of productivity and firm-value in the capital markets. but it is very difficult to determine the economic benefits of R&D investment, due to elusive link between time requirements and the realization of firm value from R&D investment. This study examines the differential effects of R&D expenditure and patents on firm-value by industry. Patents are intangible, proprietary rights that develops new products, plays a crucial role in market competition and results in research and development activities. If firms get patents, their R&D expenditure is assumed to be successful. The study analyzes whether successful R&D expenditure has a significant effect on the firm-value. The study considers two industries : high-tech industries and low-tech industries. These industries are expected to have different effect on R&D expenditure and firm-vale. The results of the study indicate that the successful R&D expenditure increased the firm-value. Successful R&D expenditure in high-tech industries more increased the firm-value more than that in low-tech industries.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 시그널링 이론을 기반으로 스타트업이 정부 R&D 지원금을 받았을 때 벤처 투자를 유치하게될 가능성이 높아지는지 살펴보았다. 먼저 벤처캐피털 투자자들의 투자 의사결정 과정과 투자 결정에 영향을 미치는 조건들을 선행연구를 통해 이해하였다. 정부 지원금의 시그널 효과와 정부 R&D 지원금의 민간자금 투자 유도 효과에 대한 선행연구를 토대로 정부 R&D 지원이 스타트업의 벤처투자를 유도하는 메커니즘을 밝혔다. 그리고 정부 R&D 지원이 실제 벤처투자를 유도하는 효과가 있는지 검증하기 위해 2021년 벤처기업으로 인증받은 업력 7년 이하의 스타트업 데이터를 바탕으로 실증분석을 수행하였다. 정부 R&D 지원과 벤처투자에 모두 영향을 미칠 수 있는 요인들을 제거하고 정부 R&D 지원이 벤처투자 유도에 미치는 순효과를 분석하기 위해 성향점수매칭법과 이중차분법을 순차적으로 적용하는 분석방법을 활용하였다. 실증분석 결과 창업 후 정부 R&D 지원금을 많이 받은 기업일수록 벤처 투자를 유치할 확률이 높아지며, 최초 정부 R&D 과제를 수행한 뒤 2년이 지난 시점부터 정부 R&D 지원의 벤처투자 유도 효과가 발생해 최초 과제수행 후 3년이 지난 시점까지 지속되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 논문의 결과는 정부 R&D 사업이 벤처투자 생태계에도 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 입증해 스타트업을 대상으로하는 정부 R&D 사업 기획에 정책적인 시사점을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한 신규 자금 조달이 필요한 스타트업에도 전략적 시사점을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2024

비타민 D는 주로 자외선에 의해 피부에서 만들어지는 지용성 비타민이다. 멜라토닌과 함께 대표적인 '크로노바이오틱(chronobiotic)' 물질로써 피부가 낮과 밤을 구분하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 하지만 비타민 D는 조효소 역할을 하는 비타민이자 여러 종류의 유전자 발현을 조절하는 호르몬적 역할을 하기 때문에 화장품에 직접적으로 사용할 수 없다. 따라서 화장품에 사용할 수 있는 비타민 D 전구체인 프로 비타민 D (7-dehydrocholesterol)의 피부 효능에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과, 프로 비타민 D는 멜라닌 생성 효소인 타이로시네이즈(tyrosinase)의 단백질 발현을 억제하여 멜라닌 생성을 억제할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 피부톤 케어 효과는 인공 피부에서도 검증되었다. 또한 프로 비타민 D는 피부 염증을 일으키는 TNFa의 발현을 억제하고, 자외선에 의해 비타민 D로 전환되면 항균 펩타이드인 CAMP (LL-37)의 발현을 증가시킨다는 것이 확인되었다. 프로 비타민 D가 멜라닌 생성을 억제하는 것은 멜라닌이 자외선을 흡수하여 프로 비타민 D가 비타민 D로 전환되는 것을 억제하기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 따라서 화장품 제형에 프로 비타민 D를 활용한다면 피부톤을 조절하고 피부 면역을 증진시킴과 동시에 일상 생활 속에서 자외선에 의해 비타민 D 전환되면 다른 피부 효능, 즉 피부 항노화, 장벽 기능 향상 등도 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2009

This paper aims to examine the impact of R&D organization culture(diversity, autonomy, redundancy and connectivity) to Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Information Technology Companys. Hypotheses were tested by surveying 250 employees at R&D Gumi Industrial Complex. The findings of research are as follows : First, three factors of R&D organizational culture had a significant positive effect on the organizational commitment except redundancy. Second, two factors of organizational culture in R&D organizational culture had a significant positive effect on the organizational citizenship behavior except autonomy and redundancy. it is shown reliable criterion to effective organizational management in small and medium enterprises.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.107-127
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• 2022

Personal broadcasting utilizing Vtuber, a virtual creator made of 2D or 3D avatars, has recently appeared and is growing in popularity. Vtuber is a virtual person who broadcasts on the Internet using 2D or 3D avatars with real-time motion capture and computer graphics technologies. While the personal broadcasting industry utilizing Vtuber is proliferating, related studies have mainly concentrated on technical issues. Therefore, in this study, the antecedent factors that form the technical characteristics and virtual creator characteristics of Vtuber personal broadcasting are derived using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model. Then the effect of these factors on viewer pleasure and satisfaction, which lead to increased paid sponsorship is to be examined. Furthermore, we investigate how this influencing mechanism fluctuates based on the avatar type (2D vs. 3D). This study contributes to empirical examinations of viewers' paid sponsorship intention in Vtuber personal broadcasting through the S-O-R model. It also offers insights that technological or virtual creator characteristics could improve viewers' pleasure, satisfaction, and even paid sponsorship.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of SMEs' R&D competence on management performance. Research design, data, and methodology: The empirical data of this study are derived from 2,375 SMEs that participated in the material, parts, and equipment research and development support project conducted from 2014 to 2018. Among them, 2,230 data were analyzed by classifying them into high-tech and low-tech fields. SPSS 24.0 was used for statistical analysis and correlation analysis and T-TEST were applied. Results: It was analyzed that the level of R&D organization, research personnel, and the number of patent registrations all affected operating profit and sales. In particular, it has been proven that research personnel have a greater impact on management performance among the level of R&D organization, research personnel, and the number of patent registrations. In addition, there was a difference between high-tech and low-tech industries in the impact on operating profit and sales, which are indicators of management performance. Conclusions: This study suggests that R&D competence are strengthened to advance the material, parts, and equipment industries and to promote future growth, while differentiated support is needed according to each company's R&D competence and technology level.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.152-156
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• 2008

This study examines the relationships between R&D investment and Market value of Firms using data of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector of Korea. In particular, this paper investigates the role of technology innovation system in the impact of R&D investment on firm's Market value of Firms. Findings from the previous studies on the relationship between R&D investment and Market value of Firms are positive relationship. Main of the previous studies demonstrated a positive impact of R&D investment on Market value of Firms. On the other hand, some recent studies showed this is not the case. Those studies persisted that the technological innovation system for managing and efficiently utilizing R&D investment and capability has to be built in order for R&D investment to give rise to increases in Market value of Firms. According to the Oslo manual by OECD, it is assumed that a technology innovation system can becharacterized as three factors :capability for technological innovation, capability for technology commercialization, capability for technological innovation management. This study divides sample firms into two groups using the "Inno-Biz" certificate system of the Korean Small and Medium Business Administration (SMBA): Inno-Biz firms Vs. Not Inno-Biz firms. The system selects innovative SMEs denoted as "Inno-Biz" using the above factors as criteria. The results revealed that the technology innovation system has the moderating effect to R&D investment on Market value of Firms.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.161-175
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• 2021

This study analyzed the efficiency and influence factors according to the main research institute type of R&D Program for the local community problem-solving. This study applied data envelopment analysis (DEA) method and Tobit regression analysis by using 20 institutions that participated in R&D Program. The results are summarized as follows. First, Analysis results according to the research institute type of R&D project, Efficient DMUs showed more regional innovation institutions than social economy enterprises. But regional innovation institutions were the lowest in the CCR and BCC model. However, efficiency dose not differ between regional innovation institutions and social economy enterprises. Second, as a result of the analysis relation between efficiency and allocation characteristics of R&D input, the participation of regional innovation organizations as participating organizations has a negative effect on efficiency. It was found that the higher the proportion of government subsidies and the higher the employment rate of the vulnerable, which is a social achievement, the positive effect on efficiency. The implication of this study is that the participation of social economy enterprises as the main R&D institution and government R&D support can provide social economy enterprises with opportunities to accumulate R&D capabilities and experience successful commercialization.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

피부 각질층내의 아미노산 조성비율과 유사한 조성비로 amino acid complex을 제조하고, 제조된 amino acid complex가 피부에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 세포 생존율, TIMP-1 발현 증가율, 보습 및 각질량 변화를 측정하였다. 연구 결과 amino acid complex는 독성이 없는 안전한 물질로 우수한 보습력 및 보습유지효과와 ascorbic acid와 유사한 TIMP-1 발현량 증가로 주름 예방 및 개선에 효과를 가지고 있으며, 각질량 감소 및 감소유지효과로 자극이 있는 AHA 대체 물질로의 가능성을 보였다. 따라서, amino acid complex는 다기능을 가진 노화방지 화장료 기능성분으로 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.