• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.148-155
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• 2002

Multithreaded models improve the efficiency of parallel systems by combining inner parallelism, asynchronous data availability and the locality of von Neumann model. This model executes thread code which is generated by compiler and of which quality is given by the method of generation. But multithreaded models have the demerit that execution model is restricted to a specific platform. On the contrary, Java has the platform independency, so if we can translate from threads code to Java bytecode, we can use the advantages of multithreaded models in many platforms. Java executes Java bytecode which is intermediate language format for Java virtual machine. Java bytecode plays a role of an intermediate language in translator and Java virtual machine work as back-end in translator. But, Java bytecode which is translated from multithreaded models have the demerit that it is not secure. This paper, multhithread code whose feature of platform independent can execute in java virtual machine. We design and implement translator which translate from thread code of multithreaded code to Java bytecode and which check secure problems from Java bytecode.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

In Europe and the United States, the use of limit states design has almost been established for pile foundation design. According to the global trend, the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs has established the basic design criteria of the bridge under the limit state design method. However, it is difficult to reflect on the design right now because of lack of research on resistance coefficient of the pile method and ground condition. In this study, to obtain the resistance coefficient of PHC bored pile which is widely used in Korea, the bearing capacity calculated by the LH design standard and the bridge design standard method, the static load test(21 times) and the dynamic load test(EOID 21 times, Restrike 21) The reliability analysis was performed on the results. The analysis of the resistance coefficient of PHC bored pile by loading test was analyzed by adding more than two times data. As a result, the resistance coefficient obtained from the static load test(ultimate bearing capacity) was 0.64 ~ 0.83 according to the design formula and the target reliability index, and the resistance coefficient obtained from the dynamic load test(ultimate bearing capacity) was 0.42~0.55. Respectively. The resistance coefficient obtained from the modified bearing capacity of dynamic load test(EOID's ultimate end bearing capacity + restrike's ultimate skin bearing capacity) was 0.55~0.71, which was reduced to about 14% when compared with the resistance coefficient obtained by the static load test(ultimate bearing capacity). As a result of the addition of the data, the resistivity coefficient was not changed significantly, even if the data were increased more than 2 times by the same value or 0.04 as the previous resistance coefficient. In conclusion, the overall resistance coefficient calculated by the static load test and dynamic load tests in this study is larger than the resistance coefficient of 0.3 suggested by the bridge design standard(2015).

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.409-416
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• 2020

An extreme climate monitoring is essential to the reduction of socioeconomic damages from extreme events. The objective of this study was to produce the near-realtime weekly root-zone Soil Moisture Index (SMI) on the basis of soil moisture using the Noah 3.3 Land Surface Model (LSM) for potentially monitoring extreme drought events. The Yangtze basin was selected to evaluate the Noah LSM performance for the East Asia region (15-60°N, 70-150°E) and the evapotranspiration (ET) and sensible heat flux (SH) were compared with ET and SH from FluxNet and with ET from FluxCom, Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), ERA-5, and Generalized Complementary Relationship (GCR). For the ET, the coefficients of determination (R²) were higher than 0.96, while the R² value for the SH was 0.71 with slightly lower than those. A time series of the weekly root-zone SMI revealed that the regions with Extreme drought had been expanded from the northern part of East China to the entire East China between July to October 2019. The trend analysis of the number of extreme drought events showed that extreme drought events in spring had reduced in South Korea over the past 20 years, while those in fall had a tendency to increase. It is concluded that this study can be useful to reduce the socioeconomic damages resulted from climate extremes by comprehensively characterizing extreme drought events.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.427-436
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• 2020

It is uncertain how global climate change will influence future drought characteristics over the Korean peninsula. This study aims to project the future droughts using climate change and land use change scenarios over the Korean peninsula with the land surface modeling system, i.e., Weather Research and Forecasting Model Hydrological modeling system (WRF-Hydro). The Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5 are used as future climate scenarios and the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), specifically SSP2, is adopted for the land use scenario. The using Threshold Level Method (TLM), we identify future hydrological and ecological drought events with runoff and Net Primary Productivity (NPP), respectively, and assess drought characteristics of durations and intensities in different scenarios. Results show that the duration of drought is longer over RCP2.6-SSP2 for near future (2031-2050) and RCP8.5-SSP2 (2080-2099) for the far future for hydrological drought. On the other hand, RCP2.6-SSP2 for the far future and RCP8.5-SSP2 for the near future show longer duration for ecological drought. In addition, the drought intensities in both hydrological and ecological drought show different characteristics with the drought duration. The intensity of the hydrological droughts was greatly affected by threshold level methods and RCP2.6-SSP2 for far future shows the severest intensity. However, for ecological drought, the difference of the intensity among the threshold level is not significant and RCP2.6-SSP2 for near future and RCP2.6-SSP2 for near future show the severest intensity. This study suggests a possible future drought characteristics is in the Korea peninsula using combined climate and land use changes, which will help the community to understand and manage the future drought risks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.533-539
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• 2013

Korea is one of the top countries that has funded great amount to promote basic research and others in recent decade. While the quantity of R&D fund in Korea has rapidly increased, the effectiveness and quality of R&D outcomes became a controversial issue. National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) and Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) agreed to collaborate for diffusing and utilizing R&D outcomes of each institute. NSF and KEITI signed the bilateral MOU in 2012, and Interministerial Collaborative R&D Support Framework (ICR&DSF) was developed. The ICR&DSF consist of launching an Eco-Bridge Program as an interministerial R&D program and composition of Environmental Convergence R&D Bridge Committee. The Eco-Bridge Program was applied to 'Environmental Convergence Technology Project' of KEITI as a pilot program in 2012. The unique feature of this interministerial R&D program is that the Eco-Bridge Program directly supports the basic research outcomes which are previously funded by NRF. As the collaboration between NRF and KEITI becomes stronger, it is expected to explore the more creative and the more transformative research.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.473-483
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• 2020

This paper proposes a tourism recommendation system in intelligent cloud environment using information of tourist behavior applied with perceived value. This proposed system applied tourist information and empirical analysis information that reflected the perceptual value of tourists in their behavior to the tourism recommendation system using wide and deep learning technology. This proposal system was applied to the tourism recommendation system by collecting and analyzing various tourist information that can be collected and analyzing the values that tourists were usually aware of and the intentions of people's behavior. It provides empirical information by analyzing and mapping the association of tourism information, perceived value and behavior to tourism platforms in various fields that have been used. In addition, the tourism recommendation system using wide and deep learning technology, which can achieve both memorization and generalization in one model by learning linear model components and neural only components together, and the method of pipeline operation was presented. As a result of applying wide and deep learning model, the recommendation system presented in this paper showed that the app subscription rate on the visiting page of the tourism-related app store increased by 3.9% compared to the control group, and the other 1% group applied a model using only the same variables and only the deep side of the neural network structure, resulting in a 1% increase in subscription rate compared to the model using only the deep side. In addition, by measuring the area (AUC) below the receiver operating characteristic curve for the dataset, offline AUC was also derived that the wide-and-deep learning model was somewhat higher, but more influential in online traffic.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.191-202
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• 2007

To identify the detailed attenuation structure in the southern Korean Peninsula, a numerical test was conducted for the Q tomography inversion to be applied to the accumulated dataset until 2005. In particular, the stochastic pointsource ground-motion model (STGM model; Boore, 2003) was adopted for the 2D Q tomography inversion for direct application to simulating the strong ground-motion. Simultaneous inversion of the STGM model parameters with a regional single Q model was performed to evaluate the source and site effects which were necessary to generate an artificial dataset for the numerical test. The artificial dataset consists of simulated Fourier spectra that resemble the real data in the magnitude-distance-frequency-error distribution except replacement of the regional single Q model with a checkerboard type of high and low values of laterally varying Q models. The total number of Q blocks used for the checkerboard test was 75 (grid size of $35{\times}44km^2$ for Q blocks); Q functional form of $Q_0f^{\eta}$ ($Q_0$=100 or 500, 0.0 < ${\eta}$ < 1.0) was assigned to each Q block for the checkerboard test. The checkerboard test has been implemented in three steps. At the first step, the initial values of Q-values for 75 blocks were estimated. At the second step, the site amplification function was estimated by using the initial guess of A(f) which is the mean site amplification functions (Yun and Suh, 2007) for the site class. The last step is to invert the tomographic Q-values of 75 blocks based on the results of the first and second steps. As a result of the checkerboard test, it was demonstrated that Q-values could be robustly estimated by using the 2D Q tomography inversion method even in the presence of perturbed source and site effects from the true input model.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the fitness of Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida on different host plants: young and old leaves of the mandarin orange 'shiranuhi' ((Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis) × C. reticulata), Japanese violet (Viola japonica Langsd.) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The development and oviposition experiments were conducted at constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30℃) and a life table parameters were estimated. T. kanzawai could complete it's development on 'shiranuhi' young leaves, japanese violet and kidney bean, while all died during the immature period on 'shiranuhi' old leaves. The total developmental period of T. kanzawai feeding on 'shiranuhi' young leaves was 17.4, 13.4 and 10.2 days at each temperature, respectively, which was longer than 16.1, 9.5 and 7.0 days of kidney bean. The female longevity of T. kanzawai on young leaves of 'shiranuhi' were 19.1, 15.0 and 12.3 days at each temperature, respectively, and there was no significant difference from 22.1, 14.1 and 10.9 days investigated from kidney bean. The fecundity was 18.1, 23.9 and 17.8 eggs per female, which was less than them of japanese violet and kidney bean at each temperature, respectively. As a result of estimating the life table parameters based on the experimental data, intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) were significantly different from each other, and appeared in the following order: kidney (0.1542, 0.2563 and 0.3251), japanese violet (0.1087, 0.2007 and 0.2673) and 'shiranuhi' young leaves (0.0868, 0.1002 and 0.1217) at each temperature, respectively. Finally, the management strategy against T. kanzawai in citrus orchards was discussed based on the results.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.457-479
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• 2013

Through a Chinese rise, Chinese dream is actualizing as the world's great power. According to outlook of World Bank and IMF, Around 2030 China will be a great power bigger than America's economic power. The rise of China will give a huge impact to the whole world. China expands her influence through a global manufacturing base and a global market. To actualize 'Peaceful Rise' Strategy, China has many constraints. Chinese society is facing many difficult social problem due to side effects of a rapid development. Such as the spread of corruption, the severity of wealth gap, environmental degradation and energy shortage. Internationally there are containment from hegemon so-called 'China threat' dispute, Taiwan issue and territorial disputes. Western countries are hostile to China for two reasons. Based on expectations, one is China's socialist system and the other is the rising China which will compete for supremacy with Europe and America. Recent emergence of Chinese nationalism and the containment of the neighboring countries are also serious limiting factors. Domestically they have the rampant corruption in the bureaucracy, weakened capacity of Communist rule, wealth disparity due to the discriminatory economic development strategy, seriousness of rural problem, social instability, lack of social security systems and the development gap between the eastern coastal areas and western inland areas, ethnic minorities problems, the constraint of sustainable development issues due to lack of resources, environmental pollution and energy constraints. Like the former Soviet Union, China may face a dismantlement. After the rise, China may encounter possibilities of a war between great powers or a collapse of Chinese society caused by deepening internal conflict. Serious economic polarization would make peasants and urban workers, who are social vulnerable people, to turn their back to communist party and threaten the justification and the appropriateness of the ruling communist party. Chinese government will think internal system security threat is more formidable risk factor than a system security threat from the hegemon. The decline of great country comes from internal reasons rather than external reasons. To achieve peaceful rise, unification with Taiwan is an essential prerequisite. Taiwan issues are complex problems which equipped with international and domestic factors. Lack of energy resources, environmental pollution in China will bring economic crisis to Korean enterprises. Important influence to Korean economy will be a changeover of the method in economic development. It will turn the balance of investment and consumption, GDP-centered growth to consumption and environment-centered growth. Services industries including finance, environment, culture, education, health care and social welfare will grow. Change in China's growth model will give a great challenge upon the intermediate goods industry in Korea. Korea should reduce the portion of machinery, automotive, semiconductor, steel and chemical-centered export industry to China, and should increase the proportion of the service industry.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.115-145
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• 2007

This study was performed for developing upscaling Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of National Land in South Korea and presenting the application method of ECVAM. This ECVAM adopted the least indicator method and uses a Geographic Information System(GIS). This map is made through evaluation of 67 items. As a result, the construction of ECVAM was defined as a process of identifying land use to scientifically assess the physical and environmental value of land and classify conservation value into several grades for the sustainable management of environmental resources. After applying ECVAM criteria of five degrees to the whole of study area, Grade I, showing the highest conservation value, accounted for 29.3% by land area of ECVAM. Grades II, III, IV and V likewise accounted for, respectively, 21.7%, 17.2%, 7.1% and the lowest conservation value of 24.7%. other result, ECVAM and land suitability assessment agreement rate is Grade I 33.05%, Grades II, III, IV and V likewise accounted for 12.92%, 15.05%, 36.93% and last value of 53.28% This study set up "the realization of the improvement ECVAM" as the vision of the advancing strategy. In order to accomplish the vision, this study established the purpose as follow; constructing strategic assessment value relation to ECVAM based on knowledge, arranging the foundation to upscaling assessment value And this study devised preparatory plans to achieve the vision and the purpose as next; construction on base theme map by 1:5,000 scalie, base on land register theme map and precision land cover map. Therefore, for applying the result of this study to the upscaling Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM), it considers regularly the systematic categorization of preceding item, consideration issue of national environmental geographic information using the ECVAM.