• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose is to evaluate efficiency of the CT simulator QA phantom manufactured for daily QA. Materials and Methods: We made holes ($1{\times}100{\times}1\;mm$) to verify accuracy between image and real measurement in polystyrene phantom and made 1 mm holes to verify table movement accuracy at superior and inferior 100 mm to the center of the phantom and inserted radiopacity material. To evaluate laser alignment, we made cross mark on the right and left side at phantom and to evaluate CT number accuracy we made 3 cylindrical holes and inserted equivalence material of bone, water, air in them. After CT scanning the phantom, We evaluated accuracy between image and real measurement, accuracy of table movement, laser, and CT number using exposed image. Results: It was measured that the accuracy between image and real measurement was ${\pm}0.3\;mm$, table movement accuracy was ${\pm}0.3\;mm$, laser accuracy was ${\pm}0.5\;mm$ from 7th January to 7th March in 2008 as within the reference point ${\pm}1\;mm$. In the CT number accuracy of bone was ${\pm}10\;HU$, air was ${\pm}5\;HU$, water was ${\pm}5\;HU$ as within the reference point is ${\pm}10\;HU$. Conclusion: We was able to perform CT simulator QA and laser equipment QA more conveniently and fast using manufactured phantom at the same time. We will be able to make more accurate treatment plan that added to QA procedures using images at previous daily QA.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to research into the satisfaction with orthodontic treatment and the psychologically satisfactory condition to be expected, and to offer information in order to enhance medical-treatment service, by surveying the influential factors upon satisfaction with treatment targeting patients who receive orthodontic treatment. Targeting 382 patients who are under treatment at S dental clinic in Gyeonggi Province, B dental clinic in Daegu Metropolitan City, and Y dental clinic in Busan Metropolitan City, which specialize in orthodontic treatment, it carried out the direct interview survey of using the structured questionnaire from January 20, 2009 to February 28. The collected data was analyzed by using SPSSWIN 17.0 K. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. In the satisfaction with orthodontic treatment according to aesthetic factor, the group with bad aesthetic health condition was higher than the group with good health condition(p<0.05). As for the factor of tooth alignment, a case of good health condition was indicated to have higher(p<0.05) satisfaction than a case of being bad. 2. As for satisfaction according to necessity for orthodontic treatment, the satisfaction was high in a case of recognizing necessity much and of understanding medical-treatment contents much, and in a case of being well adjusted to the progression of orthodontic treatment. As for a psychological change after orthodontic treatment, the satisfaction was high in a case with a positive change(p<0.001). 3. The factors of influencing satisfaction with orthodontic treatment had significant influence in order of necessity for orthodontic treatment(p<0.001), adjustment to progression of orthodontic treatment(p<0.001), psychological change after orthodontic treatment(p<0.01), expectation level of dental health after orthodontic treatment(p<0.01), and understanding about treatment contents(p<0.01). As a result of research, the satisfaction with orthodontic treatment in patients with orthodontics is indicated to be relatively high. Thus, the careful consideration is considered to be probably necessary on qualitative part in medical treatment and on patients' expectation by grasping patents' mentally psychological condition.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
• /
• no.59
• /
• pp.121-156
• /
• 2015

Memorials in Joseon Dynasty created a arena where the intellectual and political power met. This thesis traces the process of a certain political faction's rebuilding of the political structure of the elite groups by leading the intellectual controversies through memorials, especially those about the evaluations of Pak Setang(朴世堂) and I Gyeongseok(李景奭). This is what happened: Song Siyeol(宋時烈) submitted a memorial which disputed I Gyeongseok's petition, which provoked complete controversies around the memorials between Noron(老論) and Soron(少論). This led to the academic censorship against Sabyeonrok written by Pak Setang. The analysis of act of writing and submission of memorials by Noron and the role of the Kim Family of An-dong(安東 金門) specifically is the main topic here. The members of Soron ceaselessly criticized Song Siyeol, while the Kim Family strongly defended him. The trigger of the strife was a letter written by Kim Chang-Heup(金昌翕), a member of the Kim Family and the Kims played a significant role in the background during the process of political fights using memorials. The series of memorials criticized or supported certain political figure or his writings, but the opinions of Noron and Soron were directly opposite to each other. Even though the expressed difference was the result of the existing political factions, however, it also caused the new power structure of elite groups. The expressions and logics used in the arguments also have its significance. The Noron's memorials evaluated the contemporary people and their writings based on Chu-Hsi and Song Siyeol, who was regarded as a identical figure of Chu-Hsi. The arguments and writing strategies in this regard gained political strength enough to reorganize the intellectual society by changing alignment of political parties, and this led to the rebuilding of academic environment afterward.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.231-240
• /
• 2023

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive disease in young chickens, and causes considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. More than 30 years ago, an antigenic variant IBDV (avIBDV) was reported in chicken farms in the United States. Recently, a novel avIBDV exhibited clear differences in molecular characteristics compared with previous variant strains. This study investigated the molecular characteristics of recently isolated avIBDV strains in Korea. Strains of avIBDV were confirmed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and were propagated in 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs through chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) inoculation. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses of hypervariable regions VP2 gene revealed that the strains originated from two different avIBDV lineages (G2a and G2d). In our results, we confirmed the co-existence and prevalence of avIBDV genogroup G2a and G2d in chicken farms. It is necessary to study the protective efficacy of current vaccines against avIBDVs.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.519-529
• /
• 2024

Vehicle toll discounts on private roads are categorized into two types: non-sunset and sunset. Sunset types refer to provisions in which all or part of a law loses its effect upon a specific legislator-set deadline. Vehicles eligible for 'sunset' discounts include cargo vehicles operating late at night and eco-friendly vehicles powered by electricity or hydrogen. Korean government has subsidized all reduced toll fees for vehicles classified as non-sunset types on private roads to operators, but no subsidies have been provided for toll reductions on sunset vehicles. The rapid increase in electric hydrogen vehicles escalates the burden of reduced toll revenue on private road operators. This study analyzed traffic volume and toll reduction data from eight private road operators nationwide as of the end of 2023 to propose the necessity and method of supporting sunset-type toll reduction subsidies. In 2022, the subsidy for non-sunset types amounted to 87.5 billion won, or 18.6 % of total traffic revenue. The toll exemption and reduction ratio under the concession agreement ranged from 4.0 % to 5.65 % of total traffic volume for each operator. Although the proportion of vehicles exempted from sunset traffic increased from 0.85 % in 2017 to 2.79 % in 2022, the reduction amount ratio reached 4.2 % (KRW 25.5 billion) of total traffic revenue in 2022. The escalating number of registered eco-friendly vehicles is gradually causing operating profit losses on private roads. In alignment with the government's policy to expand eco-friendly vehicles, it is imperative to consider including vehicles eligible for toll reductions listed under the sunset category for subsidy payments. The study established a minimum ratio for toll reduction assistance at 4.0 %, agreed upon between the road authorities and private operators. Three policy alternatives were proposed to ensure preservation of amounts exceeding this threshold for sustaining adequate toll revenue for private road operators.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2002

For the hairy root of Panax ginseng, we have got mass spectrums from MALDI/TOF/MS analysis and Tandem mass spectrums from ESI/Q-TOF/MS analysis. While mass spectrum provides the molecular weights of peptide fragments digested by protease such as trypsin, tandem mass spectrum produces amino acid sequence of digested peptides. Each amino acid sequences can be a query sequence in BLAST search to identify proteins. For the specimens of animals or plants of which genome sequences were known, we can easily identify expressed proteins from mass spectrums with high accuracy. However, for the other specimens such as ginseng, it is difficult to identify proteins with accuracy since all the protein sequences are not available yet. Here we compared the mass spectrums and the peptide amino acid sequences with ginseng expressed sequence tag (EST) DB. The matched EST sequence was used as a query in BLAST search for protein identification. They could offer the correct protein information by the sequence alignment with EST sequences. 90% of peptide sequences of ESI/Q-TOF/MS are matched with EST sequences. Comparing 68% matches of the same sequences with the nr database of NCBI, we got more matches by 22% from ginseng EST sequence search. In case of peptide mass fingerprinting from MALDI/TOF/MS, only about 19% (9 proteins of 47 spots) among peptide matches from nr DB were correlated with ginseng EST DB. From these results, we suggest that amino acid sequencing using tandem mass spectrum analysis may be necessary for protein identification in ginseng proteome analysis.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.348-362
• /
• 2023

This study analyzed the monitoring results of fishways at 16 weirs constructed on four large Rivers to provide data helpful for the operation and management of fishways. The average utilization rate of the fishways at the weirs was confirmed to be 64.9%. When comparing the dominant species in the mainstream and fishway monitoring results, differences were observed in 9 weirs (56.3%). This indicated that the species prevalent in the mainstream were not necessarily the ones most frequently using the fishways. The average number of individuals using the fishways per day was 336. When classifying the fish species using the fishway by life type, 92.3% were primary freshwater fish, and migratory species accounted for only 5.6%. Analysis based on the season of fishway usage revealed that an average or higher number of fish species used the fishways from May to October, with the highest number of individual users occurring from June to August. Between May and July, 80% of the fish species using the fishways were in their spawning period, while during other season, less than 40% were species that move during the spawning period. The fishways that showed a significant alignment between the spawning period and the fishway passage period were Rhinogobius brunneus, Leiocassis nitidus, Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, Pseudogobio esocinus, Acheilognathus rhombeus, and Pungtungia herzi, in that order. When comparing the fishway monitoring results of the Gangjeong-Goryeong Weir and the Dalseong Weir with the upper part water level of the weir, both the number of fish species and individuals using the fishway showed positive correlations with the upper part water level of the weir. This suggests that a higher water level of the weir increases the inflow discharge within the fishway, leading to increased use by fish (number of individuals in Gangjeong-Goryeong Weir, P<0.001; number of species in Dalseong Weir, P<0.05). This study summarized and analyzed the results of fishway monitoring at 16 weirs built on four large Rivers, considering fishway efficiency, operation and management, monitoring period, and regulation of water level in the upper part of the weir. It is thought that this will help understand the status of fish use in fishways on large River and aid the construction, operation, and management of fishways in the future.