• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.3
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• pp.337-342
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• 2002

In this paper, we proposed the ISL for evaluating the security level of Intranet. This method is composed of two parts First, Hacking Scenarios are the hacking stories by hacking/hackers levels. Second, Network Model is composed of the zone and intrusion paths. Our method is very active and practical. We divide ISL into five levels ISL1∼ISL5. Among the levels, ISL5 is the highest security level. Main purpose of this paper is to promote the security of Intranet. In this paper, we designed and analyzed the test-bed for ISL3.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2002

The halophytes were investigated on Gyeonggi Bay from Aug. 1999 to Oct. 2001. The survey was conducted at 38 areas including natural salt marshes, dunes, abandoned salt farms and bank areas. During this study 46 species of halophytes were collected in the areas. Among the halophytes the following 7 species were found at natural salt marshes only; Triglochin maritimum L, Carex scabrifolia Steud., Salicornia herbacea L., Suaedu australis (R. Br.) Moq., S. martima Dum., S. japonica Makino, S. malacosperma Hara, on the other hand 8 species at dunes only; Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schm., Cnidium japonicum Miq., Messerschmidia sibirica L., Ixeris repens A. Gray, Corispermum stauntonii Miq., Vitex rotundifolia L. fil., Ischaemum anthephoroides Miq., Carex kobomugi Ohwi. The distributions of halophytes in each regions are as the followings : Isl. Gyodong-do 21 species, Isl. Seokmo-do 10 species, Isl. Ganghwa-do 28 species, Isl. Jangbong-do 16 species, Isl. Sin & Si-do 10 species, Isl. Daemuui-do 23 species, Isl. Deokjeok-do 23 species, Isl. Ijak-do 10 species, Isl. Yeongheung-do 29 species, Soyra 25 species, Isl. Daebu-do 15 species, Ssangsong-ri 6 species, Hogok-ri 16 species, Maehyang-ri 10 species.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.2620-2631
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• 2012

In this paper, a rerouting-controlled ISL (Inter-Satellite link) handover protocol for LEO satellite networks (RCIHP) is proposed. Through topological dynamics and periodic characterization of LEO satellite constellation, the protocol firstly derives the ISL related information such as the moments of ISL handovers and the intervals during which ISLs are closed and cannot be used to forward packet. The information, combined with satellite link load status, is then been utilized during packet forwarding process. The protocol makes a forwarding decision on a per packet basis and only routes packets to living and non-congested satellite links. Thus RCIHP avoids periodic rerouting that occurs in traditional routing protocols and makes it totally unnecessary. Simulation studies show that RCIHP has a good performance in terms of packet dropped possibility and end-to-end delay.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.33-42
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• 2021

Despite the importance of science education in an informal environment, the reality is that there is a lack of trend analysis research on 'Informal Science Learning (ISL)' and its effects. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to find out the educational effects of ISL and how to use it, and to provide guidelines for future ISL research directions. This study classifies specific ISL-related papers published from 2010 to 2019 and compares them with each element of GLO used to measure the effectiveness of informal education. The fit of the analyzed data was checked for each part through SPSS and Chi-Square. In conclusion, it was found that researchers are using 'ISL' to pursue 'Knowledge and Understanding' and 'Attitudes and Values' among the five performance indicators of 'GLO'. On the other hand, 'Skills' and 'Enjoyment, Inspiration and Creativity' appear to have the least expectations, so supplementation is required in these areas in the future. In addition, this study intends to suggest a direction for informal science education-related program development and future research to various education workers.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

Ethanol-induced fat accumulation, the earliest and most common response of the liver to ethanol exposure, may be involved in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), an important constituent of Glycyrrhizae Radix, is a chalcone derivative that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and phytoestrogenic activities. However, the effect of ISL treatment on lipid accumulation in hepatocytes and alcoholic hepatitis remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effect and underlying mechanism of ISL on ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis by treating AML-12 cells with 200 mM ethanol and/or ISL ($0{\sim}50{\mu}M$) for 72 hr. Lipid accumulation was assayed by oil red O staining, and the expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ($PPAR{\alpha}$) was studied by western blotting. Our results indicated that ISL treatment upregulated SIRT1 expression and downregulated SREBP-1c expression in ethanol-treated cells. Similarly, oil red O staining revealed a decrease in ethanol-induced fat accumulation upon co-treatment of ethanol-treated cells with 10, 20, and $50{\mu}M$ of ISL. These findings suggest that ISL can reduce ethanol induced-hepatic lipogenesis by activating the SIRT1-AMPK pathway and thus improve lipid metabolism in alcoholic fatty livers.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.227-244
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• 2013

We investigated the flora of Jang-do (Isl.), an island of the Heuksan archipelago, located in Heuksan-myeon, Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do and discussed the remarkable plants found there. Thirteen-field trips (total 27 days) were completed from May of 2004 to May of 2013. As a result, we identified the distribution of 423 taxa in Jang-do (Isl.), comprising 104 families, 285 genera, 335 species, 78 varieties and 10 forms. There are a total of 95 taxa of floristic regional indicator plants. The floristic regional indicators are as follows; four taxa of level V such as Impatiens furcillata, four taxa of level IV such as Hosta yingeri, 14 taxa of level III such as Ophioglossum vulgatum, 5 taxa of level II, and 58 taxa of level I. In addition 10 red data plants, 2 vulnerable species (VU) including Calanthe striata for. sieboldii, and 4 least concern species (LC) like Ardisia crenata, 2 not evaluated species (NE) such as Hosta yingeri, were found in the investigated area. An unrecorded species, Fragaria (Rosaceae), was found in a forest of Jang-do (Isl.) for the first time in Korea.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.77-80
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• 2013

An analytical study on performance of superdetonative mode ram accelerator was conducted for understanding the S225 experimental result of ISL. It would be noticeable that ISL S225 experimental result could be analytically simulated with the assumptions of inlet shockwave, equilibrium combustion chemistry, temperature dependent specific heat, and C-J oblique detonation in superdetonative operation mode. As result, the S225 experiment could be affected by heat of aluminum. Also, this study showed that the improper assumption, like isentropic assumption on shockwave, or constant specific heat on combustion, might cause misunderstanding about experimental result.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 1985

I have done several papers of flowering periods in selected floras of the world since 1969. In this paper, the patterns of flowering periods of floras, Tierra del Fuego, Isl. Barro Colorado and Karuizawa are compared. The total sums of monthly percentages of flowering taxa are 335.6 in Tierra del Fuego, 723.9 in Barro Colorado Isl. and 192.8 in Karuizawa, Japan. The patterns of Barro Colorado Isl. showed as a tropical area's patterns of flowering periods, therefore abundant flowers in there all the year round, but it is very different to tropical Java's flowering periods of the flora. The patterns of Tierra del Fuego is closely related to the patterns of flowering periods of the Falkland Isl. flora. The patterns of flowering periods of Karuiza flora is represented as patterns of northern temperate region's.

• Journal of the speleological society of Korea
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• no.5
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• pp.37-52
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• 1997

In Japan, on the volcanic line from Mt.Fuji to Hachijou Isl. in Pacific, we can see the many fissure erupted craters. The fissure eruption hasn't always left the rift caves. Recently I am investigated this era and recognized the rift caves. at Mt. Fuji 4. Miyake Isl. 3, Hachijou Isl. 3. The time of fissure eruption in Miyake Isl. make the long crack and gush the lava flow. But. we can see the rift caves only in the caldera. In the rift caves, we can see the thin coated lava on the scoria wall of the cavity and not only the side ways to extend by gasic pressure, on the surface of the earth. It is tow type rift caves. 1) The gas run to the side direction and built the cavities and after blowout the ground. 2) The gas built the cavity and then blowout the earth. I think that the thick scoria layers the most important factor and indispensable condition to built the rift caves.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2018

Spinal tuberculosis (ST) is the tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections in spinal curds. Isoliquiritigenin (4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone, ISL) is an anti-inflammatory flavonoid derived from licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), a Chinese traditional medicine. In this study, we evaluated the potential of ISL in treating ST in New Zealand white rabbit models. In the model, rabbits (n=40) were infected with Mtb strain H37Rv or not in their $6^{th}$ lumbar vertebral bodies. Since the day of infection, rabbits were treated with 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of ISL respectively. After 10 weeks of treatments, the adjacent vertebral bone tissues of rabbits were analyzed through Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The relative expression of Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), transcription factor ${\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65 in lymphocytes were verified through reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The serum level of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10 and interferon ${\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}$) were evaluated through ELISA. The effects of ISL on the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, $IKK{\alpha}/{\beta}$ and p65 in $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways were assessed through western blotting. In the results, ISL has been shown to effectively attenuate the granulation inside adjacent vertebral tissues. The relative level of MCP-1, p65 and IL-4 and IL-10 were retrieved. $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling was inhibited, in which the phosphorylation of p65, $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and $IKK{\alpha}/{\beta}$ were suppressed whereas the level of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ were elevated. In conclusion, ISL might be an effective drug that inhibited the formation of granulomas through downregulating MCP-1, $NF-{\kappa}B$, IL-4 and IL-10 in treating ST.