• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.71 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2019

This paper investigates the probability of failure of reinforced concrete beams for limit state of collapse for flexure and shear. The influence of randomness of the variables on the failure probability is also examined. The Indian standard code for plain and reinforced concrete IS456:2000 is used for the design of beams. Probabilistic models are developed for flexure and shear according to IS456:2000. The loads considered acting on the beam are live load and dead load only. Random variables associated with the limit state equation such as grade of concrete, grade of steel, live load and dead load are identified. Probability of failure is evaluated based on the limit state equation using First Order Reliability Method (FORM). Importance of the random variables on the limit state equations are observed and the variables are accordingly reduced. The effect of the reduced parameters is checked on the probability of failure. The results show the role of each parameter on the design of beam. Thus, the Indian standard guidelines for plain and reinforced concrete IS456:2000 is investigated with the probabilistic and risk-based analysis and design for a simple beam. The results obtained are also compared with the literature and accordingly some suggestions are made.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.853-866
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• 2016

This paper examines a methodology for computing the probability of structural failure of reinforced concrete beams subjected to fire. The significant load variables considered are dead load, sustained live load and fire temperature. Resistance is expressed in terms of moment capacity with random variables taken as yield strength of steel, concrete class (or grade of concrete), beam width and depth. The flexural capacity is determined based on the design equations recommended in Indian standard IS456:2000. Simplified method named $500^{\circ}C$ isotherm method detailed in Eurocode 2 is incorporated for fire design. A transient thermal analysis is conducted using finite element software ANSYS$^{(R)}$ Release15. Reliability is evaluated from the initial state to 4h of fire exposure based on the first order reliability method (FORM). A procedure is coded in MATLAB for finding the reliability index. This procedure is validated with available literature. The effect of various parameters like effective cover, yield strength of steel, grade of concrete, distribution of reinforcement bars and aggregate type on reliability indices are studied. Parameters like effective cover of concrete, yield strength of steel has a significant effect on reliability of beams. Different failure modes like limit state of flexure and limit state of shear are checked.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.456-456
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• 2000

The back projection histogram method has been proposed as the method to construct an image from waves reflected from a buried object for subsurface radar. This method is compose of two phases, i.e., a back projection image construction process and a back projection image superposition process. A simulation analysis of this method has been studied. In this paper, an experimental study is demonstrated in air as the homogeneous Held using three cylinders as buried objects.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.456-459
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• 2000

Due to cost-effective and compact system design IPM-based inverters are now being seen as an attractive alternative to conventional discrete-based inverters technique for low power ac drives in particular such as washing machines refrigerators and air-conditioners. Fairchild-IPM newly developed in order to provide the advantages of the lowest cost and better performance is discussed and its specification is given.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.733-761
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• 2008

The failure of reinforced concrete structures in recent earthquakes caused concern about the performance of beam column joints. Confinement of joint is one of the ways to improve the performance of beam column joints during earthquakes. This paper describes an experimental study of exterior beam-column joints with two non-conventional reinforcement arrangements. One exterior beam-column joint of a six story building in seismic zone III of India was designed for earthquake loading. The transverse reinforcement of the joint assemblages were detailed as per IS 13920:1993 and IS 456:2000 respectively. The proposed nonconventional reinforcement was provided in the form of diagonal reinforcement on the faces of the joint, as a replacement of stirrups in the joint region for joints detailed as per IS 13920 and as additional reinforcement for joints detailed as per IS 456. These newly proposed detailing have the basic advantage of reducing the reinforcement congestion at the joint region. In order to study and compare the performance of joint with different detailing, four types of one-third scale specimens were cast (two numbers in each type). The main objective of the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed reinforcement detailing. All the specimens were tested under reverse cyclic loading, with appropriate axial load. From the test results, it was found that the beam-column joint having confining reinforcement as per IS: 456 with nonconventional detailing performed well. Test results indicate that the non-conventionally detailed specimens, Type 2 and Type 4 have an improvement in average ductility of 16% and 119% than their conventionally detailed counter parts (Type1 and Type 3). Further, the joint shear capacity of the Type 2 and Type 4 specimens are improved by 8.4% and 15.6% than the corresponding specimens of Type 1 and Type 3 respectively. The present study proposes a closed form expression to compute the yield and ultimate load of the system. This is accomplished using the theory of statics and the failure pattern observed during testing. Good correlation is found between the theoretical and experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.456-460
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop a estimation model of migration with only population data using the cohort-survival model which has been used for forecasting future population. The fluctuation of population can be bisected to the natural change which can be occurred by birth and death and the social change which means migration. The factors of the social change are usually very important for establishing rural policies. However, researches using migration data has limitations because the usage of them are restricted. For verifying a estimation model of migration, comparing estimated population in 2000 year and migration quantity between 1996 and 2000 of 25 gu with real values, using population data and death ratio from 1995 to 2000 of the 25 gu in Seoul. Result shows a reliable data that R-square of forecating population model is 0.9755 and migration is 0.9180. So these model are worth to estimate a population and migration quantity to restricted migration data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.453-456
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• 2000

This paper presents experimental results on selecting optimal process parameters for UV-Vaccum casting. The UV-Vacuum casting is a relatively new process that allows very rapid mold preparation and part duplication via UV curing. Effect of various process variables such as pressure and temperature on mold strength and part accuracy was evaluated by using Taguchi method.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2019

Material non-linearity of Reinforced Concrete (RC) framed structures is studied by modelling concrete using the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) theory. The stress-strain data of concrete in compression is modelled using the Hsu model. The structures are analyzed using a finite element approach by modelling them in ABAQUS / CAE. Single bay single storey RC frames, designed according to Indian Standard (IS):456:2000 and IS:13920:2016 are considered for assessing their maximum load carrying capacity and failure behavior under the influence of gravity loads and lateral loads. It is found that the CDP model is effective in predicting the failure behaviors of RC frame structures. Under the influence of the lateral load, the structure designed according to IS:13920 had a higher load carrying capacity when compared with the structure designed according to IS:456. Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) strip is used for strengthening the columns and beam column joints of the RC frame individually against lateral loads. 10mm and 20mm thick strips are adopted for the numerical simulation of RC column and beam-column joint. Results obtained from the study indicated that UHPFRC with two different thickness strips acts as a very good strengthening material in increasing the load carrying capacity of columns and beam-column joint by more than 5%. UHPFRC also improved the performance of the RC frames against lateral loads with an increase of more than 3.5% with the two different strips adopted. 20 mm thick strip is found to be an ideal size to enhance the load carrying capacity of the columns and beam-column joints. Among the strengthening locations adopted in the study, column strengthening is found to be more efficient when compared with the beam column joint strengthening.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.450-456
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• 2000

In this paper, we proposed a novel control method which uses the internal impedance angles as a control parameter to drive traveling wave type ultrasonic motor. An impedance characteristic of the ultrasonic motor is obtained by analysis of the equivalent circuits including the external inductor used to generate the coupled resonance. The phase angle of internal impedance to achieve optimal control performance is derived. For the tracking of impedance angle, an information of phase difference is obtained from the applied voltage and current. The high speed phase difference detector is designed to monitor the phases of ultrasonic motor. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is clarified by experiments.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.225-235
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• 2009

The present paper reviews the shear design (of reinforced concrete beam) provisions of four different national codes and proposes a new but simplified shear strength empirical expression, incorporating variables such as compressive strength of concrete, percentage of longitudinal and vertical steel/s, depth of beam in terms of shear span-to-depth ratio, for reinforced concrete (RC) beams without shear reinforcement. The expression is based on the experimental investigation on RC beams without shear reinforcement. Further, the comparisons of shear design provisions of four National codes viz.: (i) IS 456-2000, (iii) BS 8110-1997, (iv) ACI 318-2002 (v) EuroCode-2-2002 and the proposed expression for the prediction of shear capacity of normal beam/s, have been made by solving a numerical example. The results of the numerical example worked out suggest that there is need for revision in the shear design procedure of different codes. Also, the proposed expression is less conservative among the IS, BS & Eurocode.