• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2020

PGSE의 혈당조절 효과를 평가하기 위하여 제2형 당뇨 동물모델을 이용하여 8주간의 동물실험을 진행한 결과, 고농도 PGSE(600 mg/kg)의 투여는 경구 포도당 내성 및 혈당 수준을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며(p<0.05), 당화혈색소도 유의적으로 낮은 수준을 유지시켰다(p<0.05). 또한, 혈청 인슐린과 렙틴 농도 역시 대조군과 비교하여 PGSE 고농도 처리군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). PGSE 투여는 db/db 마우스의 골격근에서 인슐린 의존적 세포신호전달경로를 유의적으로 활성화시켰으며, AMPK 인산화를 촉진시키고, 골격근내 포도당 흡수를 위한 GLUT4의 세포막으로의 전이를 대조군 대비 약 1.7배 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과를 근거로 할 때 PGSE는 항 당뇨병 치료제로서의 잠재적 가능성을 가진 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2016

Forest sequesters large terrestrial carbon which is stored in the biomass of tree and plays a key role in reducing atmospheric carbon. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to assess the growing stock, above ground biomass and carbon in trees of Ponda watershed of Rajouri district (J&K). IRS-P6 LISS-III satellite data of October 2010 was used for preparation of land use/land cover map and forest density map of the study area by visual interpretation. The growing stock estimation was done for the study area as well as for the sample plots laid in forest and agriculture fields. The growing stock and biomass of trees were estimated using species specific volume equations and using specific gravity of wood, respectively. The total growing stock in the study area was estimated to be $0.25million\;m^3$ which varied between $85.94m^3/ha$ in open pine to $11.58m^3/ha$ in degraded pine forest. However in agriculture area, growing stock volume density of $14.85m^3/ha$ was recorded. Similarly, out of the total biomass (0.012 million tons) and carbon (0.056 million tons) in the study area, open pine forest accounted for the highest values of 43.74 t/ha and 19.68 t/ha and lowest values of 5.68 t/ha and 2.55 t/ha, respectively for the degraded pine forest. The biomass and carbon density in agriculture area obtained was 5.49 t/ha and 2.47 t/ha, respectively. In all the three forest classes Pinus roxburghii showed highest average values of growing stock volume density, biomass and carbon.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.279-289
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• 2012

This study was conducted to survey and diagnose operation status of the agricultural machinery rental service, analyse and compare operational efficiency among 82 city and county ATDEC (agricultural technology development and extension center) using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method, and recommend future direction, for improvement of the business. Input variables were invested budget and labor, and output variable was rental return. Percentages of return to investment on the rental service were calculated as 68.3% and 63.9% when analyzed with CCR (Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes) and BCC (Banker, Charnes and Cooper) models, respectively, indicating inefficiency of the service operation. Increase of rental charge would increase efficiency by 63.9~68.3% depending on models, and decrease of financial and labor investment would improve the efficiency by about 11.3%. Technical efficiency would be more important than scale efficiency, therefore adjustment of over-invested budget and labor needed to be made together with increase of rental charge to improve the operation. Among the ATDECs providing the rental service, 6 (7.3%), 43 (52.4%), and 33 (40.2%) were in state of CRS (constant return to scale), IRS (increasing return to scale), and DRS (decreasing return to scale), respectively. These indicated public aspects of the rental system, over-investment, lack of output component for input component, meaning that scale income would be increased by qualitative expand of rental charge. Efficiency analysis of the rental system by region showed that efficient ATDECs to be benchmarked by others were in the order of DMU-70, DMU-54, DMU-29, DMU-5, DMU-22, DMU-2, and DMU-61. More comprehensive and extensive survey and analyses would be necessary in the future.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1836-1844
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• 2016

Adipogenesis is one of the cellular processes and a highly controlled program. Nowadays, inhibition of adipogenesis has received attention as an effective way to regulate obesity. In the current study, we investigated the inhibition effect of a chloroform extract of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae 'Beesan No. 2' (CEBT) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes. Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae is one of many varieties of King oyster mushroom and has been reported to have various biological activities, including antitumor and anti-inflammation effects. Biological activities of 'Beesan No. 2', a new cultivar of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae, have not yet been reported. In this study, we found that CEBT suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells through inhibition of key adipogenic transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor ${\gamma}$ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$. Additionally, CEBT reduced the expression of the IRS/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and its downstream factors, including mammalian target of rapamycin and p70S6 kinase, which stimulate adipogenesis. Furthermore, ${\beta}-catenin$, a suppressor of adipogenesis, was increased in CEBT-treated cells. These results indicate that Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae 'Beesan No. 2' effectively inhibited adipogenesis, so this mushroom has potential as an anti-obesity food and drug.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.223-236
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• 2019

Dengropanax morfiferus (D), Broussonitia kazinoki (B), and Cudriania tricuspidata (E), a widely cultivated species in South Korea, has been used as traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases. In this study, we evaluated the antidiabetic effects in a various signaling mechanisms using mixed extract and major component contents were analyzed by HPLC in the combined extracts from Dengropanax morfiferus, Broussonitia kazinoki, and Cudriania tricuspidata (DBCE). DBCE inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase activation and showed potent antioxidant effects, which are evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and SOD assay. Cytokines, which are released by inflammatory cells in pancreatic islets, are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. DBCE showed the protective effects in RINm5F cells against cytokines-induced damage by suppressing inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and COX-2 expression and NO production. Insulin resistance is the primary characteristic of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the regulatory effect of DBCE on glucose uptake and production are investigated in insulin-responsive human HepG2 cells. DBCE stimulated glucose uptake, prevented Glut2 and phosphor-IRS1 downregulation induced by high glucose (HG, 30 mM). Moreover, DBCE pretreatment diminished glucose levels, PEPCK and G6Pase overexpression provoked by HG. These findings suggest that DBCE might be used for diabetes treatment through alpha-glucosidase or alpha-amylase activity regulation, pancreatic beta cell protection, hepatic glucose sensitivity improvement. Cytokines, which are released by inflammatory cells' infiltrations around the pancreatic islets, are involved in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.893-900
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• 2015

최근 경제가 급속히 성장하면서 세계적으로 당뇨병이 심각한 대사성 질환으로 대두되고 있으며 이에 따라 혈당조절에만 초점을 맞춘 경구용 당뇨병 치료제가 아니라 당뇨병을 근본적으로 치료할 수 있는 혈당 강하 소재를 개발하기 위한 연구가 늘어나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행 연구에서 항당뇨 효능이 확인된Ceriporia lacerata 균사체 배양물건조물(CL01)을 제 2형 당뇨병 동물 모델인db/db 마우스에 경구투여하여 CL01이 혈액학적 지표 및 인슐린 신호 전달기전 상의 유관 단백질과 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. CL01을 4주간 투여했을 때 혈당이 지속적으로 감소하였고, 혈청 인슐린, c-peptide 농도도 각각 음성대조군의 55.8%, 40% 수준으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 인슐린 저항성을 반영하는 지표인 HOMA-IR 수치를 계산한 결과, CL01 투여군에서 인슐린 저항성이 음성대조군 대비 약 62% 개선되었다(p<0.05). 또한 인슐린 신호 전달에 관여하는 pIR, pAkt, pAMPK, GLUT4 단백질 및 Akt2, IRS1, GLUT4 mRNA 발현이 증가하였다. 이들 결과를 통해 CL01이 당 대사 및 인슐린 신호 전달에 관여하는 유관 단백질 및 유전자 발현에 영향을 미치며 이에 따라 인슐린 저항성을 개선하여 혈당을 효과적으로 감소시키는 것을 알 수 있다. 제 2형 당뇨병 환자의 90% 이상이 인슐린 저항성으로 인한 고인슐린혈증, 당내성 장애, 고혈압, 비만 등의 대사 이상이 생길 확률이 증가하기 때문에 CL01의 섭취를 통해 GLUT4 발현을 증가시켜 인슐린 저항성을 낮추는 것이 제 2형 당뇨병의 근본적인 치료에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료되며 이 연구가 당뇨병 치료의 추가적인 기전 연구를 위한 기초 증거로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2005

1. Objectives The pesent study purposed to examine Dongmu Lee Je-Ma's Sasang philosophy from the viewpoint of Che-Yong relation and to understand the effect of Che-Yong relation on Dongmu philosophy. 2. Methods First, we briefly compared the concept of Che-Yong relation in Jeongju philosophy, which has a dualistic philosophical structure, with the concept of Han Suk-Ji's harmonious Che-Yong relation, which has a monistic philosophical struaure and, based on rhe result, analyzed the characteristics of rhe concept of Che-Yong in Dongmu philosophy focused on Seongmyeong rheory, Sadan rheory and Hwakchung theory in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Suse Bowon${\lrcorner}$. 3 Results and Conclusions Jeongju philosophy is different from Dongmu philosophy in irs philosophical struaure characterized by Che-Yong relation, and the concept of Che-Yong in Dongmu philosophy forms the characteristics of Han Suk-ji's monistic harmonious Ole- Y ong relation. This produces results as follows. (1) Form a universal view of human beings centering of man's autonomous will and possibility. (2) Have a philosophical structure understood nor as a partial thought but as a total thought. (3) Assert that man has a good nature fundamentally and is obliged to practice goodness. (4) Assume that all human beings are equal. (5) It is assumed that the structural characteristics of harmonious Che-Yong relation in Dongmu philosophy can be the ground of definition of Silhak (practical science) in Oriental philosophy. It can be said that the realities of the universe and human beings can be discussed in philosophical structure with the logic of harmonious Che-Yong relation based on the unity of time and space. The philosophical logic based on the tealities can be defined as Silhak.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2013

Background: Although paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of solid cancers, side effects such as neuropathic pain lead to poor compliance and discontinuation of the therapy. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) is known to have analgesic effects in several pain models and may inhibit apoptosis. The present study was designed to investigate the analgesic effects of EP on mechanical allodynia and apoptosis in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells after paclitaxel administration. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 1) a control group, which received only vehicle; 2) a paclitaxel group, which received paclitaxel; and 3) an EP group, which received EP after paclitaxel administration. Mechanical allodynia was tested before and at 7 and 14 days after final paclitaxel administration. Fourteen days after paclitaxel treatment, DRG apoptosis was determined by activated caspase-3 immunoreactivity (IR). Results: Post-treatment with EP did not significantly affect paclitaxel-induced allodynia, although it tended to slightly reduce sensitivities to mechanical stimuli after paclitaxel administration. After paclitaxel administration, an increase in caspase-3 IR in DRG cells was observed, which was co-localized with NF200-positive myelinated neurons. Post-treatment with EP decreased the paclitaxel-induced caspase-3 IR. Paclitaxel administration or post-treatment with EP did not alter the glial fibrillary acidic protein IRs in DRG cells. Conclusions: Inhibition of apoptosis in DRG neurons by EP may not be critical in paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

Objectives : Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Jeokhasuo in Korean) is a Oriental traditional herbs widely used in East Asian countries. Overconsumption of fructose results in hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and impaired glucose tolerance which have documented as a risk of cardiovascular diseases. This experimental study was designed to investigate the beneficial effects of an ethanol extract from Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) in high-fructose (HF) diet-induced metabolic syndrome rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups; Control group, receiving regular diet and tap water, HF group, and HF + PMR group both receiving supplemented with 65% fructose (n=10), respectively. The HF + PMR group initially received HF diet with PMR (100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Results : PMR significantly prevented the metabolic disturbances such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance. Chronic treatment with PMR significantly decreased body weight, fat weight and adipocyte size, suggesting a role of anti-obesity effect. PMR led to improve the hyperlipidemia through the increase in HDL cholesterol level as well as the decrease in triglyceride and LDL cholesterol level. In addition, PMR suppressed adhesion molecules and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in aorta resulting in the decrease of hypertension. In muscle tissue, PMR significantly recovered the HF-induced insulin resistance through increase of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), p-$AMPK{\alpha}1/2$, and p-Akt expression. PMR improved HF-induced metabolic disorders and its action was caused by energy metabolism-mediated insulin signaling activation. Conclusions : These results demonstrate that PMR may be a beneficial therapeutic for metabolic syndrome through the improvement of hyperlipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.570-579
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• 2019

당뇨병은 서구화된 식습관으로 발생하는 심각한 만성대사질환의 하나이며, 당뇨병의 치료는 혈당을 정상적인 수준으로 유지하며 당뇨 합병증을 예방하는 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 당뇨병 및 인슐린 저항성에 대한 유전적 분석에 널리 이용되는 C57BL/Ksj-db/db 당뇨동물모델을 이용하여 갈색거저리 유충(밀웜) 추출물의 6주간 섭취가 혈당개선에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하고 이에 인슐린 민감성 개선과 당대사 조절을 통한 항당뇨 효과를 규명하고자 하였다. 제 2형 당뇨동물모델 실험 결과, db/db-MWE군(식이 0.5%)이 db/db-control군에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 혈당이 감소하였다. 약물군인 db/db-RG군(식이 0.05%)은 부작용에 의해 눈에 띄게 체중이 증가하였으나, db/db-MWE군에서는 약물군에서의 체중증가와 같은 큰 부작용 없이 혈당 감소효과를 나타내었다. HbA1c와 혈장인슐린 농도의 경우 db/db-control군에 비해 db/db-MWE군이 유의적(p<0.05)으로 낮았다. 또한 골격근에서 p-IRS, p-AKT, PM-GLUT4의 발현을 확인한 결과, db/db-MWE군에서 db/db-control군에 비해 p-IRS, p-AKT, PM-GLUT4의 발현이 증가된 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 밀웜 추출물의 섭취가 골격근 내로 당이 원활이 유입되도록 도와주어 인슐린 민감성을 개선시키며, 고혈당 증상을 개선시킨 것으로 사료된다. 밀웜 추출물을 식이에 0.5% 첨가하여 6주간 C57BL/Ksj-db/db 당뇨동물모델에 제공한 결과, 공복혈당과 HbA1c의 감소 및 인슐린 저항성을 개선시켰다. 이는 인슐린 민감성을 증가시키고, 당 대사 조절을 통해 고혈당 증상의 완화에 기인한 것으로 보인다. 따라서 밀웜은 당뇨병의 예방과 치료에 유용한 소재가 될 것으로 기대되며, 향후 제 2형 당뇨병 개선을 위해 더욱 다양한 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.