• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권10호
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• pp.644-650
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• 2008

It has been proposed that the Cao-$SiO_2$ binary system can be good basic composition of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics. In the present study, various kinds of Cao-$SiO_2$ gels were prepared by sol-gel method in order to control the microstructure which are related to their dissolution rate, induction period of apatite formation in body environment. Characterization of the gels were done by wet chemical analysis, SEM observation, FT-IR spectroscopy and XRD. The gelation time decreased with CaO content. However, the volume of all the dried gel decreased to 50% of the wet gels irrespective of increasement of CaO content. All the Cao-$SiO_2$ gels were amorphous and contained a large amount of silanol groups on their surfaces after heat treatment up to $800^{\circ}C$. The interconnected structure of the gel changed to agglomerated spherical powders when Ca content exceed to 20 mol%. Most of the Cao-$SiO_2$ gel showed amorphous when heat-treated up to $900^{\circ}C$. However, quartz and cristobalite was produced when heat-treated at $1000^{\circ}C$ and resultant microstructure of the gel contained microporous structure.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2619-2621
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• 2004

감마선 또는 x-선 등 방사선을 이용한 구조물 진단은 산업전반에 걸쳐 널리 이용되고 있다. 기존의 x-선이나 Ir-192의 감마선 등을 이용한 비파괴검사는 용접부의 확인이나 구조물의 내부 결점 확인과 같이 국부적인 진단에는 유용하나 석유화학산업에서 반응물의 분리 또는 정제 등에 많이 사용되고 있는 증류탑의 내부진단 실험에는 적합하지 않다. 증류탑은 목적에 따라 직경이 $3{\sim}10m$, 높이 $10{\sim}100m$에 달하는 대형 장치로서 내부의 이상현상에 대한 정확한 진단은 공정 전체의 가동효율 최적화에 결정적인 영향을 끼친다. 밀봉 감마선원으로부터 방출된 방사선의 투과율 변화를 증류탑의 반대편에 설치한 방사선 검출기로 측정하여 수직밀도분포(vertical density profile)를 구하여 증류탑의 내부현상에 대한 정확한 정보를 얻을 수 있는데 이러한 작업을 자동으로 수행할 수 있도록 한 것이 자동 증류탑 검사장치이다. 증류탑 진단장치는 크게 방사선 계측 및 데이터 전송회로, 방사선원부와 방사선검출부의 구동장치 및 구동회로, 데이터 수집 및 제어장치 둥으로 구성되어 있으며, 증류탑 검사를 자동화하여 진단결과의 신뢰도와 재현성을 향상시켰다. 본 논문은 방사선원과 방사선 검출장치의 위치를 자동으로 제어하면서 방사선 계측결과를 전송시키는 장치의 개발에 관한 내용으로서 개발된 장치의 소개와 산업현장 적용의 예를 소개함으로써 기존의 비파괴검사기술로는 진단할 수 없는 대형 증류탑의 진단에 효과적인 방사선 응용 계측장치임을 보이고자 한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.2156-2170
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• 2020

This paper presents a fire detection algorithm with a minimal false detection rate, intended for a thermal imaging surveillance environment, whose properties vary depending on temporal conditions of day or night and environmental changes. This algorithm was designed to minimize the false detection alarm rate while ensuring a high detection rate, as required in fire detection applications. It was necessary to reduce false fire detections due to non-flame elements occurring when existing fixed threshold-based fire detection methods were applied. To this end, adaptive flame thresholds that varied depending on the characteristics of input images, as well as the center of gravity of the heat-source and hot-source regions, were analyzed in an attempt to minimize such non-flame elements in the phase of selecting flame candidate blocks. Also, to remove any false detection elements caused by camera shaking, one of the most frequently raised issues at outdoor sites, preliminary decision thresholds were adaptively set to the motion pixel ratio of input images to maximize the accuracy of the preliminary decision. Finally, in addition to the preliminary decision results, the texture correlation and intensity of the flame candidate blocks were averaged for a specific period of time and tested for their conformity with the fire decision conditions before making the final decision. To verify the fire detection performance of the proposed algorithm, a total of ten test videos were subjected to computer simulation. As a result, the fire detection accuracy of the proposed algorithm was determined to be 94.24%, with minimum false detection, demonstrating its improved performance and practicality compared to previous fixed threshold-based algorithms.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.299-310
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• 2012

This article describes the synthesis of a novel N-substituted pyrrole monomer containing an azobenzene group. The 2-[N-ethyl-N-[4-[(4-nitrophenyl) azo]-phenyl] amino] ethyl-3-chloropropionate (RedII) compound was synthesized via reaction of 4-nitro-4'-[N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino] azobenzene (RedI) and 3-chloropropionic acid. RedII was reacted with the potassium salt of pyrrole then 2-[N-ethyl-N-[4-[(nitro phenyl) azo] phenyl] amino] ethyl-N-pyrrolyl propionate (Py-RedII) was prepared. Chemical polymerization of Py-RedII and copolymerization of Py-RedII with pyrrole carried out using $FeCl_3$. Poly (2-[N-ethyl-N-[4-[(nitro phenyl) azo] phenyl] amino] ethyl-N-pyrrolyl propionate) (PPy-RedII) was characterized by UV, IR, $^1HNMR$, $^{13}CNMR$ spectroscopies. Electropolymerization of Py-RedII and electroco-polymerization of Py-RedII and pyrrole were studied using conventional three electrodes system, Ag/AgCl reference electrode, platinum counter electrode and GC disk working electrode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used for thermal and rheological studies. The TGA curve of PPy-RedII demonstrated a high thermal stability up to 200°C and its DSC thermogram showed two endothermic peaks at 88 and $122^{\circ}C$. The glass transition temperature of the polymer was found to be above the room temperature. Electrical conductivities of PPy-RedII and it's copolymer with pyrrole (PPy-RedII-co-Py) were studied by the four-probe method and produced conductivities of $7.5{\times}10^{-4}$ and $6.5{\times}10^{-3}Scm^{-1}$, respectively.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.320-325
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• 1978

우라늄의 수용액 및 산성용액으로부터 추출제 DEPA 및 DPPA로 우라늄을 추출할 때의 메카니즘을 밝히기 위하여 추출 중에 형성되는 우라늄 착물을 분리, 유리한 후 적외선 스펙트럼, 핵자기공명 스펙트럼, 화확분석 및 분자량 측정결과 등을 이용하여 규명하였다. 우라늄은 추출과정에서 유기인산 에스테르인 추출제 DEPA 및 DPPA의 산성 수소와 이온 교환에의하여 킬레이트형의 우라늄 착물을 형성하며 DEPA의 경우 분자량이 약 $2.1{\times}10^4$인 고분자물질임을 알았다. 또한 이러한 유리된 우라늄의 착물은 추출중에 형성되는 착물과 동일함을 밝혔으며 추출제 DEPA의 경우 우라늄의 추출 분배계수는 수용액의 경우 제일 크고 산성 수용액인 경우 $H_3PO_4의 순으로 증가함을 알았다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2018

The technology convergence of television, communication, and computing devices enables the rich social and entertaining experience through Smart TV in personal living space. The powerful smart TV computing platform allows to provide various user interaction interfaces like IR remote control, web based control, body gesture based control, etc. The presently used smart TV interaction user control methods are not efficient and user-friendly to access different type of media content and services and strongly required advanced way to control and access to the smart TV with easy user interface. This paper propose the optical wireless communication (OWC) based remote controller design for Smart TV using smart device Flashlights. In this approach, the user smart device act as a remote controller with touch based interactive smart device application and transfer the user control interface data to smart TV trough Flashlight using visible light communication method. The smart TV built-in camera follows the optical camera communication (OCC) principle to decode data and control smart TV user access functions according. This proposed method is not harmful as radio frequency (RF) radiation does it on human health and very simple to use as well user does need to any gesture moves to control the smart TV.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.2351-2357
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• 2011

Three new metal-organic copper(II) complexes, $[Cu(H_2PZTC)_2]_n{\cdot}2nH_2O$ (1), $[Cu(HPZTC){\cdot}2H_2O]_n{\cdot}2nH_2O$ (2), and $Cu_2[(PZHD)(OH)(H_2O)_2]_n$ (3) ($H_3PZTC$ = pyrazine-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, $PZHD^{3-}$ = 2-hydroxypyrazine-3,5-dicarboxylate), have been synthesized from $Cu(II)/H_3PZTC$ system under different synthetic conditions, and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. In complexes 1 and 2, $H_3PZTC$ ligands loose one and two protons, which were transformed into $H_2PZTC^-$ anion and $HPZTC^{2-}$ dianion under different preparation condition, respectively. Furthermore, two ligands coordinate with Cu(II) cations in different modes, leading to the formation of the different chain structures. In complex 3, $H_3PZTC$ ligand was converted into a new ligand-PZHD by in situ decarboxylation and hydroxylation under a higher pH value than that for complexes 1 and 2. PZHD ligands link the Cu(II) cations to form a 2D layer structure. These results demonstrate that the preparation conditions, including pH value and reaction temperature etc, play an important role in the construction of complexes based on $H_3PZTC$ ligand.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.2057-2064
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• 2014

Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) was conducted in autoclave on the system of crude oil and $MgSO_4$ at different temperatures. Gas chromatography pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) was used to detected the composition of organic sulfur compounds in oil phase products. The results of the analysis indicate that with increased temperature, the contents of organic sulfur compounds with high molecular weight and thermal stability, such as benzothiophenes and dibenzothiophenes, gradually became dominated. In order to gain greater insight into the formation and distribution of organic sulphur compounds from TSR, positive ion electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used in detecting the detailed elemental composition and distribution of them. The mass spectra showed that the mass range of sulfur compounds was 200-550 Da. Four sulfur class species, $S_1$, $N_1S_1$, $O_1S_1$ and $O_2S_1$, were assigned in the positive-ion spectrum. Among the identified sulfur compounds, the $S_1$ class species was dominant. The most abundant $S_1$ class species increase associated with the DBE value and carbon number increasing which also indicates the evolution of organic sulfur compounds in TSR is from the labile series to the stable one. In pure blank pyrolysis experiments with crude oil cracking without TSR, different composition and distribution of organic sulfur compounds in oil phase products were seen from mass spectra in order to evaluate their pyrolysis behaviors without $MgSO_4$. FT-IR and XRD were used in analyzing the products of solid phases. Two distinct crystallographic phases MgO and $MgSO_4$ are found to coexist in the products which demonstrated the transformation of inorganic sulfur compounds into organosulfur compounds exist in TSR.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2006년도 특별논문집
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• pp.46-52
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• 2006

For ships, heat resistant coating is applied on the aluminized steel pipe systems dealing with high temperature steam over $200^{\circ}C$. The coatings on these steam pipes should retain both heat resistance and anti-corrosion properties to provide long-term resistance against coating defects (rust, delamination and crack) under the harsh outdoor environment including repeated seawater wetting and condensation. Thus, it is important to improve the coating qualities and to reduce maintenance works for these steam pipe systems. In this study, five different commercial heat resistant coatings (A, B, C, D, E) were selected for evaluation. Various physical properties of these coatings were evaluated on the coatings applied on the aluminized steam pipes. FT-IR analysis was also employed to identify the factors contributing the degree of heat resistance and durability of each coating material. The results indicated that the heat resistance capacity of coatings increased with the increase of silicon content as well as the decrease of substituent content. Both products C and D showed the best coating qualifies, which can be standard coating systems for future steam pipe areas.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1164-1170
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• 2006

A triptolide-lysozyme (TP-LZM) conjugate was synthesized to achieve renal specific delivery and to reduce the side effects of triptolide. Triptolide was coupled to lysozyme through succinic via an ester bond with an average coupling degree of 1 mol triptolide per 1 mol lysozyme. The lysozyme can specifically accumulate in the proximal tubular cells of the kidney, making it a potential carrier for targeting drugs to the kidney. The structure of triptolide succinate (TPS) was confirmed by IR, $^{1}H-NMR$, MS and UV. The concentrations of triptolide in various samples were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, the physicochemical and stability profiles of TP-LZM under various conditions were investgated the stability and releasing profiles of triptolide-lysozyme (TP-LZM) under various conditions. In vitro release trails showed triptolide-lysozyme was relatively stable in plasma (less than 30% of free triptolide released) and could release triptolide quickly in lysosome (more than 80% of free triptolide released) at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. In addition, the biological activities of the conjugate on normal rat kidney proximal tubular cells (NRK52E) were also tested. The conjugate can effectively reduce NO production in the medium of NRK52E induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but with much lower toxicity. These studies suggest the possibility to promote curative effect and reduce its extra-renal toxicity of triptolide by TP-LZM conjugate.