• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.817-823
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• 2010

Design of IPI feeding structure affecting the antenna gain improvement of mobile phone was investigated. IPI feeder which based on the T matching theory increase line current for internal antenna such as IFA. So IPI feeder makes higher radiation resistance, and also increases the gain with increasing radiation efficiency. To verify IPI feeding effect, feeder is applied to conventional CDMA/DCS dual band IFA. Measurement shows that IPI-IFA has 0.5 ~ 1.4[dBi] higher gain than conventional IFA at CDMA/DCS band. Resonant frequency did not change.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.662-668
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• 2009

Design of IPI(Inverted PI) feeding internal antenna for the gain improvement of mobile phone was proposed. IPI feeding structure affects on both low radiation resistance of antenna and increase current for the internal antenna such as IFA(Inverted F Antenna). By these facts, antenna fed by IPI can get the gain improvement with increasing radiation efficiency. For the verification, we applied IPI feeding structure to conventional quad band IFA. Measurement shows that IPI-IFA has 0.3~2.0[dB] higher gain than conventional IFA on GSM/DCS/USPCS/WCDMA band.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.33-37
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• 2020

The aim of this paper is to scrutinize the relation between Business Survey Index and Industrial Production Index in construction industry, stated in another way, the relation between CEO's expectations of future business status and real business activity in construction industry. Previous papers on this research area have been examined the relation between released BSI and released IPI. However, this paper focuses 'the relation between released BSI and the long-run component of IPI' and 'the relation between released BSI and the short-run component of IPI'. The first step is to decompose released IPI by unobserved component model. The long-run component of IPI is set up as a random walk process. And short-run component is set up as a stationary AR(1) process. The findings are as follows. First, released BSI Granger causes unidirectionally released IPI. Second, there exists one-way Granger causality from released BSI to long-run component of IPI. Third, Granger causality does not exist between released BSI and 'short-run component of IPI'. BSI increases IPI in the second or third month. These findings of this paper mean that CEO's expectations may influence industrial production in construction industry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5101-5106
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• 2016

Purpose: We aimed to establish an inflammatory prognostic index (IPI) in early and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients based on hematologic and biochemical parameters and to analyze its predictive value for NSCLC survival. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 685 patients with early and advanced NSCLC diagnosed between 2009 and 2014 was conducted with collection of clinical, and laboratory data. The IPI was calculated as C-reactive protein ${\times}$ NLR (neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio)/serum albumin. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of relevant factors. Results: The optimal cut-off value of IPI for overall survival (OS) stratification was determined to be 15. Totals of 334 (48.8%) and 351 (51.2%) patients were assigned to high and low IPI groups, respectively. Compared with low IPI, high IPI was associated with older age, greater tumor size, high lymph node involvement, distant metastases, advanced stage and poor performance status. Median OS was worse in the high IPI group (low vs high, 8.0 vs 34.0 months; HR, 3.5; p<0.001). Progression free survival values of the patients who had high vs low IPI were determined 6 months (95% CI:5.3-6.6) and 14 months (95% CI:12.1-15.8), respectively (HR; 2.4, P<0.001). On multivariate analysis, stage, performance status, lactate dehydrogenase and IPI were independent prognostic factors for OS. Subgroup analysis showed IPI was generally a significant prognostic factor in all clinical variables. Conclusion: The described IPI may be an inexpensive, easily accessible and independent prognostic index for NSCLC patients, useful for clinical practice.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.533-540
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• 2020

A total length of sperm whales can be estimated by measuring the Inter-Pulse Interval(IPI) of their clicks composed by multiple pulses. The IPI is caused by the two-way travel time of the sound transmission in the spermaceti within the whale head. Therefore, the IPI can be used to measure the whale's total length based on allometric relationships between head and body length. In this paper, the click signals recorded in the East Sea, Korea in 2017 were analyzed to estimate the size of sperm whales. The size of sperm whales calculated by the relationship between IPI and body length was 9.9 m to 10.9 m, which is corresponding to the size of an adult female or a juvenile male sperm whale. This non-lethal acoustic method has been demonstrated to accurately estimate the sperm whale size, and can provide useful information for domestic sperm whale monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.335-342
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• 1988

In this paper, we proposed a new algorithm for EMG low frequency analysis. Through the power spectrum analysis of Gaussian's, Gamma's and Erlang's PDF(probability density function) based on the proposed algorithm, the proper PDF of IPI (inter pulse interval) representing the firing rate of muscle was suggested. In order to verify the proposed algorithm EMG signals of masseter and biceps muscle were detected by surface electrode and its power spectrum analysis was performed. The experimental results are compared with the computer simulaiton. As a result, the masseter muscle's IPI was fitted by Gamma PDF, having a 10Hz fundamental frequency including n(1+\ulcornerfp high harmnic frequency on 10% MVC(maximum voluntary contaraction). And the biceps muscle's IPI was fitted by Gaussian PDF, also it have a 14Hz fundamental frequency.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1987.10b
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• pp.702-708
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• 1987

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.04b
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• pp.688-690
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• 2001

온라인을 이용해서 교육목적을 달성하기 위해서는 학습자 수준을 분서하여서 수준에 맞는 학습 내용을 제공해야 한다. 특히 수학과처럼 학습의 연계성이 큰 교과는 선수학습이 결손되면 후속학습의 목표 도달에 곤란을 갖게 된다. 따라서 학습자가 학습목표를 잘 도달할 수있게 하기 위해서는 선수학습 결손 여부를 판단해서 학습결손이 발견되면 보충학습을 한 뒤 본 학습을 하도록 해야 한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 IPI를 이용하여 학습자의 수학과 학습 수준을 분석할 수 있는 진단시스템을 설계 구현하였다. IPI(Individually Prescribed Instruction)는 학습자의 수준을 진단$\longrightarrow$처방$\longrightarrow$평가하는 개별처방교수법으로 이를 이용하면 학습자의 수준을 진단해서 학습자 수준에 맞게 처방을 하여 개별화된 학습을 할 수가 있다. 수학학습에 본 시스템을 활용하면 학습자는 학습결손이 일어나지 않게 되어 궁극적으로 학습목표에 도달할 수 있게 된다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.7C
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• pp.581-586
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• 2010

The holographic data storage system stores multiple data pages by multiplexing. But the inter-page interference(IPI) caused by multiplexing reduces the intensity of the hologram. The simulation of the holographic storage systems has to consider the IPI. Therefore, we introduce a channel modeling that takes care of inter-page interference in the holographic data storage system. We simulate the performance of PRML detection on the hologrpahic data storage system with IPI modeling.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.12-17
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• 2016

In the holographic data storage system (HDSS), the data regarding the volume of a storage medium are recorded and read by the page, and the transmission rate and storage capacity can be increased because of two-dimensional, page-oriented data processing; furthermore, the multi-level HDSS can store more than one bit per pixel. For this same reason, however, and unlike conventional data-storage systems, the HDSS is hampered by two-dimensional (2D) intersymbol interference (ISI) and interpage interference (IPI). Progress regarding the published papers on 2D ISI, which is more severe in the multi-level HDSS, continues; however, mitigation of both 2D ISI and IPI in terms of the multi-level HDSS has not yet been studied. In this paper, we therefore propose a 4-level balanced-modulation code that simultaneously mitigates 2D ISI and IPI.