• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.47-57
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• 2013

Backgrounds: According to a high interest in health these days, a bicycle is being highlighted as a means of leisure activity and auxiliary transportation means. Along with an increase in this interest, there is tendency that even the width of bicycle utilization gets diverse and that bicycle accident is also rapidly growing. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to suggest a prevention measure available for reducing occurrence of bicycle accidents by analyzing the Epidemiological characteristics according to age and injury severity in bicycle-injured patients. Methods: This study analyzed 115 materials suitable for this study by examining a medical record of patients, who received the hospitalized treatment owing to bicycle accident from January 1, 2011 to December 31 at one general hospital in S city. Results: The male-and-female ratio of bicycle-injured patients stood at about 7:3. The average age was 38.14(${\pm}21.59$) years old. The largest injury happened in 40-59 years old(31.3%). The averagely hospitalized period was 17.33(${\pm}18.12$) days. Injury severity was the ratio of 2:8 in a mild case versus a serious case. As for drinking and smoking characteristics according to age, the injury occurred the most in between 40 and 59 years old for people with drinking and smoking and in under 19 years for people without drinking and smoking. According to injury severity, the ratio of serious case got higher in the higher age. This was indicated(${\chi}^2$=15.675, p=0.001) to be statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study, a bicycle accident was indicated to have high injury risk in young children, adolescents, and old-age group. Prevention measure and publicity are demanded for reducing injury occurrence such as the prevention education for bicycle accident and wearing protective gear focusing on the ages of corresponding to groups with risk of injury occurrence. In addition, the security of safe movement route is necessarily demanded in order to increase application level as an auxiliary transportation means.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2023

Background: Despite fall prevention strategies suggested by researchers, falls are still a major health concern in older adults. Understanding factors that differentiate successful versus unsuccessful balance recovery may help improve the prevention strategies. Objects: The purpose of this review was to identify biomechanical factors that differentiate successful versus unsuccessful balance recovery in the event of a fall. Methods: The literature was searched through Google Scholar and PubMed. The following keywords were used: 'falls,' 'protective response,' 'protective strategy,' 'automated postural response,' 'slips,' 'trips,' 'stepping strategy,' 'muscle activity,' 'balance recovery,' 'successful balance recovery,' and 'failed balance recovery.' Results: A total of 64 articles were found and reviewed. Most of studies included in this review suggested that kinematics during a fall was important to recover balance successfully. To be successful, appropriate movements were required, which governed by several things depending on the direction and characteristics of the fall. Studies also suggested that lower limb muscle activity and joint moments were important for successful balance recovery. Other factors associated with successful balance recovery included fall direction, age, appropriate protective strategy, overall health, comorbidity, gait speed, sex and anticipation of the fall. Conclusion: This review discusses biomechanical factors related to successful versus unsuccessful balance recovery to help understand falls. Our review should help guide future research, or improve prevention strategies in the area of fall and injuries in older adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.132-136
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• 2014

Recently supporting policy of government for agricultural is changing from individual to workplace. For this reason, the number of industrial injury is increasing due to increase workplace in the agriculture. However, because the studies on the characteristics and causes of injury have not been performed, the effective measure for the prevention of industrial injury is difficult to establish. The aim of this study is to analyze the industrial injury characteristic and prepare the effective counterplan to prevent industrial injury of the workplace in the agriculture. This study analyzed 2,970 cases of industrial injury during the last five years (2008-2012) in the agriculture sector. The data was offered by Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency. The results of analysis the industrial injury characteristic of the workplace in the agriculture, number of industrial injury for source of industrial injury was 12.3% in the outdoor floor and injury type was 23.1% in the fall. This study analyzed industrial injury characteristic which size and type of workplace, injury type and source of industrial injury through the case of industrial injury in agriculture. The result of this study will be helpful to identify the industrial injury characteristic in the agriculture and prepares the effective industrial injury prevention method.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2015

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill pediatric patients has been reported as increasing to 25 %, depending on population characteristics. The etiology of AKI has changed over the last 10-20 years from primary renal disease to the renal conditions associated with systemic illness. The AKI in pediatric population is associated with increased mortality and morbidity, and prevention is needed to reduce the consequence of AKI. It is known that the most important risk factors for AKI in critically ill pediatric patients are clinical conditions to be associated with decreased renal blood flow, direct renal injury, and illness severity. Renal hypoperfusion leads to neurohormonal activation including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, antidiuretic hormone, and prostaglandins. Prolonged renal hypoperfusion can result in acute tubular necrosis. The direct renal injury can be predisposed under the condition of renal hypoperfusion, and appropriate treatment of volume depletion is important to prevent AKI. The preventable causes of AKI include contrast-induced nephropathy, hemodynamic instability, inappropriate mediation use, and multiple nephrotoxic insults. Given the evidence of preventable factors for AKI, several actions such as the use of protocol for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy, appropriate treatment of volume depletion, vigorous treatment of sepsis, avoidance of combinations of nephrotoxic medications, and monitoring of levels of drugs should be recommended.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2023

Background: While efforts have been made to differentiate fall risk in older adults using wearable devices and clinical methodologies, technologies are still infancy. We applied a decision tree (DT) algorithm using inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor data and clinical measurements to generate high performance classification models of fall risk of older adults. Objects: This study aims to develop a classification model of fall risk using IMU data and clinical measurements in older adults. Methods: Twenty-six older adults were assessed and categorized into high and low fall risk groups. IMU sensor data were obtained while walking from each group, and features were extracted to be used for a DT algorithm with the Gini index (DT1) and the Entropy index (DT2), which generated classification models to differentiate high and low fall risk groups. Model's performance was compared and presented with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results: Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 77.8%, 80.0%, and 66.7%, respectively, for DT1; and 72.2%, 91.7%, and 33.3%, respectively, for DT2. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the fall risk classification using IMU sensor data obtained during gait has potentials to be developed for practical use. Different machine learning techniques involving larger data set should be warranted for future research and development.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.102-113
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• 2020

Purpose: To demonstrate the importance of comprehensive skin observation as an effective intervention for pressure injury prevention in elderly long-term care hospital patients. Methods: The survey was conducted with 70 nursing staff members working at two long-term care hospitals with 200 beds or less in D city. Data were collected from October 16 to October 23, 2019 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, and the independent t-test with the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: Nursing care knowledge for pressure injury was similar between the two groups. Conversely, nursing care performance for pressure injury degree of the nursing staff in the hospital using skin observation records performed better than those who did not (t=6.11, p<.001). Furthermore, comprehensive skin assessments in long-term care hospitals using skin observation records showed a lower incidence rate of pressure injury than that showed using general skin assessments (t=-5.28, p=.006). Conclusions: Comprehensive skin assessment is important for pressure injury prevention in elderly long-term care hospital patients. To implement this effectively, it is necessary to devise institutional regulations, guidelines, and systematic education programs.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2018

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a lung infection that develops in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. VAP contributes to about 50% of hospital-acquired pneumonia in ICU settings. One of the recommendation of the Institute of for Healthcare Improvement ventilator bundle is HOB elevation. HOB elevation affects shearing forces and makes higher risk for pressure injury development. Pressure injury (PI) is localized damage to the skin over a bony prominence. PI prevention guidelines recommend that HOB positioning should be lower to reduce risk for PI development which contradicts VAP prevention guidelines for the HOB between 30 and 45 degrees for ICU patients. This presents a care dilemma and tension. The purpose of this study was to perform a secondary data analysis using cumulative electronic health record data in order to determine the association of HOB elevation with VAP and PI in ICU patients. A secondary data analysis was conducted to determine whether HOB elevation is associated with VAP and PI. HOB elevation was not likely to be associated with VAP prevention whereas it was likely to be related to PI development. This is somewhat contrary to popular data and publications. Prospective cohort study is desired to inform us in an evidence-based fashion what actually is optimal HOB elevation for ventilated patients in ICU settings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

International Safe School(ISS) model has focused as a public health approach to develop safety intervention to address injury problems in school setting. It needs school members involvement in partnership with community resources to address the needs for school based injury prevention and safety promotion. The characteristics and principles of ISS model discussed in this paper emphasizes participation, capacity and partnership building, evidence based process, and so on. A 7 criteria is introduced as ISS implementation strategy. Multilevel and multi-facet approaches are valuable on ISS as well as process evaluation. For the application of ISS model in Korea, finding evidence, building public health partnership between school and other public or private resources in community are necessary conditions for succesful ISS for health promotion in school setting.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on elementary school children's lifestyle and to contribute to developing on the health education program in elementary schools. The subjects were 1,412 children in 4 elementary schools in Gangwon-Do and Chonrabuk-Do area. Data collection was done from September to November 2001 by questionnaire and school health documents. The questionnaire corrected for the purpose of this study which had been developed by Bronson School of Nursing(1991), 'Lifestyle Questionnaire for School-age Children'. The questionnaire consists of 3 categories; 'Activities that promote health', 'Injury prevention', 'Feeling'. Cronbach coefficient alpha for the 29 items was .68. The data analyzed to obtain frequency, mean, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient by SPSS Win program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Females(50.2%) of gender, 6th grade(24.2%) of grade, nuclear family(82.0%) of family type, beyond college graduate(54.5%) of father's school career, under high school graduate(58.1%) of mother's school career, first of birth order(47.1%) were majority. Mean of father's age was 41.2 and mother's age was 38.1. 2. The mean of lifestyle was 66.4, feeling was 73.3, activities that promote health was 60.3 and injury prevention was 64.0. The highest degree of activities that promote health was 「I eat fruits」and injury prevention was 「I look both ways when crossing streets」and feeling was 「I enjoy my family」. The lowest degree of activities that promote health was 「I visit the dentist every tear」 and injury prevention was 「I wear a helmet when I go on bike trips」 and feeling was 「I think it is okay to cry」. 3. There were significant differences in lifestyle of gender(t=4.309, p=.000), grade(F=6.299, p=.000), father's age(t=2.534, p=.011), father's education(t=-4.933, p=.000), mother's education(t=-3.360, p=.001), birth order (t=5.363, p=.000). There were significant differences in activities that promote health of gender(t=-2.462, P=.014), grade(F=4.893, p=.000), father's education(t=-4.480, p=.000), birth order(t=4.343, p=.000), in injury prevention of gender(t=-4.452, p=.000), grade(F=8.636, p=.000), father's age(t=3.386, p=.001), mother's age(t=2.059, p=.040), father's education(t=-6.051, p=.000), mother's education(t=-5.173, p=.000), birth order(t=4.417, p=.000) and in feeling of gender (t=-3.285, p=.001), grade(F=7.526, p=.000), mother's age(t=-3.268, p=.001). 4. Activities that promote health was positively correlated with injury prevention(r=.432, p=.000), feeling(r=.210, p=.000), lifestyle (r=.785, p=.000). Injury prevention was positively correlated with feeling(r=.256, p=.000), lifestyle(r=.854, p=.000) also feeling was positively correlated with lifestyle(r=.504, p=.000). These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategy to promote elementary school children's health. Because helmet use score in injury prevention marked the lowest score, it is necessary to encourage helmet use when planning injury prevention and health promotion.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.168-181
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the prevention of needle stick injury. Methods: Data collection was conducted during the period July 15-31, 2013 by a self-administered questionnaire involving 220 nurses working in 7 hospitals. The data was analyzed by SPSS v18 and AMOS v18. Results: Actions by nurses to prevent needle stick injury were directly and indirectly influenced by perceived benefits, attitude toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, and intention underlying the behavior. Specially, perceived behavioral control is verified to have not only direct influence but also indirect influence on the performance of preventive action through the intention underlying the behavior. Also, perceived benefits indirectly influence the intention toward the behavior and performance of preventive action through attitude toward the behavior and perceived behavioral control. The predictor variables in this model are 52% explicable in terms of intention of prevention action against needle stick injury, and 66% explicable in terms of performance of preventive action. Conclusion: To ensure high performance of preventive action against needle stick injury, constructing not only the solution that inspires the intention toward behavior but also a system that can positively solve and improve obstructive factors in behavioral performance is of primary importance.