• 제목/요약/키워드: INDIVIDUAL NUMBER

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학대 경험 아내들의 결혼불안정성에 관한 연구 (Marital Instability of Wives Who Experienced Abuse from Their Husbands)

  • 정혜정
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제40권9호
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    • pp.17-33
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    • 2002
  • This study was to investigate the relationships of personal resources, individual psychological variables, and relational characteristics with marital instability of wives who experienced physical and/or psychological abuse from their husbands, and to analyze the relative significance of related variables on marital instability. Self-administered questionnaire method was used to collect data from 500 wives residing in Chonbuk-do province, and data from 306 wives who reported to be psychologically and/or physically abused during last three years were used in the final analyses. Results showed that there were significant differences in the levels of marital instability according to wives' employment status, number of children, and occupational status of husbands. Correlational analyses indicated that wives' economic dependence, all individual psychological variables, and three relational variables were significantly correlated with marital instability of abused wives. Finally, multiple regression analyses showed that marital comparison level and degree of abuse from husband were the most powerful predictors on marital instability, and all these variables accounted for 61% of the total variance of abused wives' marital instability.

관군 배열에서의 종간 간격이 열전달에 미치는 영향에 대한 수치 해석적 연구 (NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR LONGITUDINAL PITCH EFFECT ON TUBE BANK HEAT TRANSFER)

  • 이동균;안준;신승원
    • 한국전산유체공학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.39-44
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    • 2012
  • In this study, a longitudinal pitch effect on in-line tube bank heat transfer has been analyzed numerically. To verify the accuracy of the solver model and boundary conditions, global Nusselt number(Nu) and pressure drop across the 2 row tube bank are compared with the existing experimental correlations under 500 ~ 2,000 Reynolds number(Re) range. By changing transverse pitch($S_T$) or longitudinal pitch($S_L$) separately in tube bank, we're trying to identify the each effect on heat transfer. We found that the effect of transverse pitch can be accounted for Reynolds number evaluated with maximum velocity($V_{max}$) at the smallest flow area similar to most existing correlations. Variation of the longitudinal pitch($S_L$) has a greater impact on the heat transfer compared to the transverse pitch($S_T$). Overall Nusselt number increases with larger longitudinal pitch($S_L$), however individual Nusselt number of the tube row has significant difference after the first row.

Palatal Rugae Pattern in Korean Children and Adolescents

  • Kim, Na-Hee;Im, Yeong-Gwan;Kim, Ji-Yeon;Kim, Byung-Gook
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.169-173
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: To determine whether the morphological features of the palatal rugae are associated with sex and age in children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 300 diagnostic models of the palatal rugae of children and adolescents were collected. The models were classified into male and female and<13- and ≥13-year-old groups. The palatal rugae pattern, and the number and length of palatal rugae plicae, were analyzed. Results: The number of palatal rugae plicae was higher in females than in males, however, the difference was negligible. In the group aged 13 years or more, the number was higher in the male group on the left side. There was no association between the number of palatal rugae plicae and age group. The type I pattern was the most common in both males and females. The length of palatal rugae plicae was greater in males than in females. There was no association between the length of palatal rugae plicae and age group. Conclusions: The number and length of palatal rugae were associated with sex, but the morphological features of the palatal rugae could not distinguish between children and adolescents. These findings suggest that the palatal rugae have limited value for identification of individuals.

CGHscape: A Software Framework for the Detection and Visualization of Copy Number Alterations

  • Jeong, Yong-Bok;Kim, Tae-Min;Chung, Yeun-Jun
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.126-129
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    • 2008
  • The robust identification and comprehensive profiling of copy number alterations (CNAs) is highly challenging. The amount of data obtained from high-throughput technologies such as array-based comparative genomic hybridization is often too large and it is required to develop a comprehensive and versatile tool for the detection and visualization of CNAs in a genome-wide scale. With this respective, we introduce a software framework, CGHscape that was originally developed to explore the CNAs for the study of copy number variation (CNV) or tumor biology. As a standalone program, CGHscape can be easily installed and run in Microsoft Windows platform. With a user-friendly interface, CGHscape provides a method for data smoothing to cope with the intrinsic noise of array data and CNA detection based on SW-ARRAY algorithm. The analysis results can be demonstrated as log2 plots for individual chromosomes or genomic distribution of identified CNAs. With extended applicability, CGHscape can be used for the initial screening and visualization of CNAs facilitating the cataloguing and characterizing chromosomal alterations of a cohort of samples.

X선 반가폭을 이용한 Al 2024-T3 합금의 피로수명예측에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Prediction of Fatigue Life in 2024-T3 Aluminium using X-ray Half-Value Breadth)

  • 조석수;김순호;주원식
    • 한국정밀공학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.145-152
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    • 2000
  • X-ray diffraction method detects change of crystal lattice distance under material surface using diffraction angle 2$\theta$. This technique can be applied to the behavior on slip band and micro crack due to material degradation. The relation between half-value breadth and number of cycle has three stages which constitute rapid decrease in initial number of cycles, slight decrease in middle number of cycles and rapid decrease in final number of cycles. The ratio of half-value breadth takes a constant value on B/B$_{0}$-N diagram with loading condition except early part of fatigue life. The ratio of half-value breadth B/B$_{0}$ with respect to number of cycle to failure N$_{f}$ has linear behavior on B/B$_{0}$-log N$_{f}$ diagram. Therefore, in this paper the estimation of fatigue life by average gradient method has much less estimated mean error than the estimation of fatigue life by log B/B$_{0}$-log N/N$_{f}$ relation.elation.ation.

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선발 3세대 북방전복의 성장형질에 대한 가계변이 및 유전모수 추정 (Estimation of Family Variation and Genetic Parameter for Growth Traits of Pacific Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai on the 3th Generation of Selection)

  • 박종원;박철지;이정호;노재구;김현철;황인준;김성연
    • 한국패류학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.325-334
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구에서는 전복의 성장형질에 대한 가계변이를 비교분석하기 위한 목적으로 2011년에 생산된 선발 3세대 북방전복 5,334마리에 대한 18개월령 성장형질인 각장, 각폭 및 중량의 전체 계측자료를 이용하여 유전모수와 육종가를 추정하였으며, 그 중 개체수가 많은 상위 10가계의 865마리 대한 가계변이를 조사하였다. 가계효과를 추정하기 위해 개체모형에 근거한 선형모형을 이용하였고, 유전모수 및 육종가는 생산시기를 고정 효과로 처리하고, EM-REML algorithm을 전산 프로그램화한 REMLF90을 이용하여 최적선형불편예측법에 의해 추정하였다. 본 연구에서 조사된 18개월령 북방전복의 표현형에 있어 각장, 각폭 및 중량의 전체평균은 각각 54.5 mm, 36.8 mm 및 21.3 g로 나타났고, 중량의 변이계수가 51.0%로 나타나 각장의 21.1% 및 각폭의 20.7% 보다 자료의 변동성이 크게 나타났다. 개체수가 많은 상위 10가계를 대상으로 각장과 중량의 관계를 산점도로 표시한 결과 상관관계식이 TW = $0.0002SL^{2.8796}$ ($R^2$ = 0.9864) 과 같이 지수곡선식으로 추정되었다. 가계효과에 있어서는 각 가계별로 유의적인 차이를 보였으며 (p < 0.05), 각장, 각폭 및 중량의 유전력은 각각 0.370, 0.382 및 0.367로 중도의 유전력을 보여 개체선발 보다는 가계선발이 유리할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 각 형질 간 상관계수는 매우 높은 정의 상관관계를 보여 한 형질만의 개량으로 다른 형질의 개량효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 추정된 각장 및 중량의 육종가를 토대로 개체수가 많은 상위 10가계에 대한 각 개체별 분포와 순위를 조사하기 위해 표준화육종가로 변환하여 이용하였으며, 각장을 기준으로 상위 5.4%의 개체 수는 152마리, 하위 5.4%의 개체 수는 8마리로 조사되었고, 중량의 경우 상위 5.4%의 개체 수는 164마리, 하위 5.4%의 개체 수는 1마리로 조사되었다. 이와 같이 가계간의 표현형 및 유전적인 다양한 변이를 확인 할 수 있었고, 다음 세대 생산을 위한 모집단의 유전모수와 육종가를 추정하여 선발과 교배에 적절히 이용한다면 보다 나은 육종효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

네트워크 구조와 조직학습문화, 지식경영참여가 개인창의성 및 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증분석: SI제안팀과 R&D팀의 비교연구 (Exploring Influence of Network Structure, Organizational Learning Culture, and Knowledge Management Participation on Individual Creativity and Performance: Comparison of SI Proposal Team and R&D Team)

  • 이건창;서영욱;채성욱;송석우
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.101-123
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    • 2010
  • Recently, firms are operating a number of teams to accomplish organizational performance. Especially, ad hoc teams like proposal preparation team are quite different from permanent teams like R&D team in the sense of how the team forms network structure and deals with organizational learning culture and knowledge management participation efforts. Moreover, depending on the team characteristics, individual creativity will differ from each other, which will lead to organizational performance eventually. Previous studies in the field of creativity are lacking in this issue. So main objectives of this study are organized as follows. First, the issue of how to improve individual creativity and organizational performance will be analyzed empirically. This issue will be performed depending on team characteristics such as ad hoc team and permanent team. Antecedents adopted for this research objective are cultural and knowledge factors such as organizational learning culture, and knowledge management participation. Second, the network structure such as degree centrality, and structural hole is used to analyze its influence on individual creativity and organizational performance. SI (System Integration) companies are facing severely tough requirements from clients to submit very creative proposals. Also, R&D teams are widely accepted as relatively creative teams because their responsibilities are focused on suggesting innovative techniques to make their companies remain competitive in the market. SI teams are usually ad hoc, while R&D teams are permanent on an average. By taking advantage of these characteristics of the two kinds of teams, we will prove the validity of the proposed research questions. To obtain the survey data, we accessed 7 SI teams (74 members), and 6 R&D teams (63 members), collecting 137 valid questionnaires. PLS technique was applied to analyze the survey data. Results are as follows. First, in case of SI teams, organizational learning culture affects individual creativity significantly. Meanwhile, knowledge management participation has a significant influence on Individual creativity for the permanent teams. Second, degree centrality Influences individual creativity significantly in case of SI teams. This is comparable with the fact that structural hole has a significant impact on individual creativity for the R&D teams. Practical implications can be summarized as follows: First, network structure of ad hoc team should be designed differently from one of permanent team. Ad hoc team is supposed to show a high creativity in a rather short period, implying that network density among team members should be improved, and those members with high degree centrality should be encouraged to show their Individual creativity and take a leading role by allowing them to get heavily engaged in knowledge sharing and diffusion. In contrast, permanent team should be designed to take advantage of structural hole instead of focusing on network density. Since structural hole can be utilized very effectively in the permanent team, strong arbitrators' merits in the permanent team will increase and therefore helps increase both network efficiency and effectiveness too. In this way, individual creativity in the permanent team is likely to lead to organizational creativity in a seamless way. Second, way of Increasing individual creativity should be sought from the perspective of organizational culture and knowledge management. Organization is supposed to provide a cultural atmosphere in which Innovative idea suggestions and active discussion among team members are encouraged. In this way, trust builds up among team members, facilitating the formation of organizational learning culture. Third, in the ad hoc team, organizational looming culture should be built such a way that individual creativity can grow up fast in a rather short period. Since time is tight, reasonable compensation policy, leader's Initiatives, and learning culture formation should be done In a short period so that mutual trust is built among members quickly, and necessary knowledge and information can be learnt rapidly. Fourth, in the permanent team, it should be kept in mind that the degree of participation in knowledge management determines level of Individual creativity. Therefore, the team ought to facilitate knowledge circulation process such as knowledge creation, storage, sharing, utilization, and learning among team members, which will lead to team performance. In this way, firms must control knowledge networks in permanent team and ad hoc team in a way mentioned above so that individual creativity as well as team performance can be maximized.

협업 필터링 기반 상품 추천에서의 평가 횟수와 성능 (Number of Ratings and Performance in Collaborative Filtering-based Product Recommendation)

  • 이홍주;박성주;김종우
    • 한국경영과학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.27-39
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    • 2006
  • The Collaborative Filtering (CF) is one of the popular techniques for personalization in e-commerce storefronts. For CF-based recommendation, every customer needs to provide subjective evaluation ratings for some products based on his/her preference. Also, if an e-commerce site recommends a new product, some customers should rate it. However, there is no in-depth investigation on the impacts on recommendation performance of two number of ratings, i.e. the number of ratings of an individual customer and the number of ratings of an item, even though these are important factors to determine performance of CF methods. In this study, using publicly available EachMovie data set, we empirically investigate the relationships between the two number of ratings and the performance of CF. For the purpose, three analyses were executed. The first and second analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between the number of ratings of a particular customer and the recommendation performance of CF. In the third analysis, we investigate the relationship between the number of ratings on a particular item and the recommendation performance of CF. From these experiments, we can find that there are thresholds in terms of the number of ratings below which the recommendation performances increase monotonically. That is, the number of ratings of a customer and the number of ratings on an item are critical to the recommendation performance of CF when the number of ratings is less than the thresholds, but the value of the ratings decreases after the numbers of ratings pass the thresholds. The results of the experiments provide insight to making operational decisions concerning collaborative filtering in practice.

두 외래종 민들레 번식 특성의 계절적 변이 (Seasonal Variation of Reproductive Characters in Two Introduced Species of Taraxacum)

  • 강혜순;최유미
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제21권5_1호
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    • pp.457.2-486
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    • 1998
  • Ecological success of introduced species is frequently attributed to the reproductive characters of those species. We examined the relationship between both flowering season and plant size and reproductive characters in two introduced species of Taraxacum, e.g., T. officinale and T.laevigatum. Seventy six plants of T. officinale and 23 plants of T. laevigatum were randomly tagged from a population at the sungshin Women's University in April of 1997. The size and number of vegetative characters such as rosette diameter, leaf number, and the largest leaf length and width were measured for each plant at the onset of flowering. The infructescence was collected continually from each plant before seed dispersal from April to August of 1997. The number of infructescence per plant, and seed number and total seed weight per infructescence were measured. Mean individual seed weight per infructescence was also obtained. T. officinale possessed larger sized, but smaller number of, leaves than T. laevigatum, thereby resulting in no significant difference in total leaf area. There was a trend that vegetatively larger plants in both of these species produced reproductive characters larger in size or greater in number, except for seed number and total seed weight per infructescence in T. laevigatum. All reproductive characters examined in T. officinale decreased toward the end of flowering season. In T. laevigatum, infructescence number per plant also declined during a flowering season: however, mean seed number per infructescence increaed toward the end of flowering season with no significant seasonal change in the total seed weight per infructescence. T. officinale produced on average about twice as many seeds per plant as T. laevigatum during a growing season. These two Taraxacum species produced quite small seeds in size compared to the endemic species, exhibiting a far better dispersal ability of introduced species. These data demonstrate that most reproductive characters decline in size and number in both species during a long flowering period, but the two species appear to employ different strategies to achieve reproductive success in disturbed habitats.

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개인피드백과 집단피드백이 과업 수행의 양과 질에 미치는 상대적 효과 검증 (Relative Effects of Individual and Group Feedback on the Quantity and Quality of Task Performance)

  • 문광수;차민정;이계훈;오세진
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제14권12호
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    • pp.655-664
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    • 2014
  • 최근 많은 기업들이 팀제를 활용하고 있지만 팀의 업무 수행 향상에 효과적이고 효율적인 피드백 제공방법에 대한 연구는 부족한 상황이다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 팀 수행 상황에서 개인 피드백과 집단 피드백이 과업 수행의 양과 질에 미치는 효과를 비교하는 것이었다. 실험 과제는 영어 문서를 컴퓨터에 입력하는 것이었고 수행의 양은 입력된 단어의 수로, 수행의 질은 올바르게 입력된 단어의 비율로 측정되었다. 혼합설계(mixed design)가 적용되었고 총 48명의 참가자들은 개인과 집단 피드백 집단에 무선적으로 할당되었다. 각 팀은 3명으로 구성되었고 총 4회기 동안 함께 과제를 수행하였다. 개인피드백 조건에서는 각 참가자에게 개인의 수행에 대한 정보만 제공되었고, 집단 피드백 조건에서는 팀의 전체 수행 합에 대한 정보만을 제공하였다. 참가자들의 타이핑 속도를 통제한 공변량 분석결과, 두 가지 피드백 모두 수행의 양을 증가시키는 데 효과적이었지만, 효과크기는 집단 피드백이 더 높았다. 수행의 질에 있어서는 집단 피드백 조건에서만 올바르게 입력한 비율이 유의미하게 증가하였다. 따라서 개인 피드백 보다는 집단 피드백이 과업 수행 증가에 좀 더 효과적, 효율적이라고 할 수 있다. 하지만 본 연구결과는 기존의 연구결과와는 상반된 결과로 일반화하기 위해서는 더 많은 관련 연구가 필요하다. 특히 후속연구에서는 문화 차이, 과제 종류에 대한 고려가 필요하다.