• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.285-295
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• 2004

Statistical process control(SPC) and engineering process control(EPC) are two complementary strategies for quality improvement. An integrated process control(IPC) can use EPC to reduce the effect of predictable quality variations and SPC to monitor the process for detection of special causes. In this paper we assume an IMA(1,1) model as a disturbance process and an occurrence of a level shift in the process, and we consider the economic performance for applying an EWMA chart to monitor MMSE-controlled processes. The numerical results suggest that the IPC scheme in an IMA(1,1) disturbance model does not give additional advantages in the economic aspect.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the value and limitation of modified Mau osteotomy through the review of 30 feet treated by this procedure. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 30 cases treated with modified Mau osteotomy since 2002. The mean duration of follow-up was 10 months. We reviewed medical records to describe each case and select several clinical factors which related with surgical procedure and could influence on final results. We measured radiographic parameters such as hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), sesamoid position and also assessed clinical outcomes by AOFAS score and satisfaction degrees. Results: The mean preoperative HVA and IMA were $40.4^{\circ}$, $17.4^{\circ}$ and the mean amounts of correction were $31.2^{\circ}$ and $11.5^{\circ}$. Amounts of delayed loss of correction were 16.8% in HVA and 19.2% in IMA. Initial HVA, rotational angle and translation distance of the distal fragment, stability of fixation, first ray instability were revealed as significant factors for the final result from this procedure. DMAA was increased by rotation of the distal fragment and decreased by adding translation on the rotation. Conclusion: Modified Mau osteotomy is an effective procedure to get enough correction. But, it is important to try to avoid excessive rotation of the distal fragment because it may worse joint congruity. It may be worthwhile to pay close attention to the direction of saw and stability of fixation.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2018

Aluminum electrodeposition was carried out in dimethylsulfone ($DMSO_2$) baths containing 6.2-28.3 mol% $AlCl_3$ at 403 K. The electrochemically active species for Al electrodeposition in $DMSO_2$ baths were investigated. Electrochemical behavior of the electrolyte and the deposition mechanism were studied via cyclic voltammetry (CV). Properties of the deposits were assessed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. In addition, structures of the ionic complexes formed with aluminum in the bath were characterized by $^{27}Al$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR spectra revealed that all baths contained two ionic species: $AlCl_4{^-}$ and $[Al(DMSO_2)_3]^{3+}$. Al electrodeposited when the $[Al(DMSO_2)_3]^{3+}$ concentration was the highest (23.3 mol% $AlCl_3$) exhibited fine grain sizes, relatively smooth surfaces, and high purities.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1990

It is shown that the symmetry of the incommensurate phase in Ba2NaNb5O15(BSH) belongs to the four dimensional superspace group C from an analysis of the systematic extinction or the rxtra reflections due to the incommensllrate structure. The resulting superstructure is characterizetl by the space group Ima2(C3l) and the origin of the incommensurability in BSN is briefly discussed. Especially. HREM image have shown the prrscnce of discommensurations. In addition. a group-theoretical consideration of structural phase transitions in BSN is suggested.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.423-432
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• 2015

This paper shows that design, manufacture and the performance of FC-NIC (fibre channel network interface card) for network unit configuration which is based on one of the 5 main configuration items of the common functional module for IMA (integrated modular Avionics) architecture. Especially, FC-NIC uses zynq SoC (system on chip) for host load reductions. The host merely transmit FC destination address, source memory location and size information to the FC-NIC. After then the FC-NIC read the host memory via DMA (direct memory access). FC upper layer protocol and sequence process at local processor and programmable logic of FC-NIC zynq SoC. It enables to free from host load for external communication. The performance of FC-NIC shows average 5.47 us low end-to-end latency at 2.125 Gbps line speed. It represent that FC-NIC is one of good candidate network for IMA.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of the treatment of hallux valgus with metatarsal double osteotomy and longitudinal pin fixation. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 19 patients (21 feet) who had been treated by metatarsal double osteotomy and longitudinal pin fixation for the moderate or severe hallux valgus with increased distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), between 1999 and 2004. They were followed prospectively for a minimum of 20 months. Functional outcomes were measured via Hallux metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal (HMI) scale and Mayo clinic forefoot scoring system (FFSS). Radiographically, we assessed pre, postoperative and at the last follow-up, the hallux valgus angle (HVA), 1st and 2nd intermetararsal angle (IMA), DMAA. Results: The average preoperative HVA, IMA, DMAA measured $36.76^{\circ}$, $13.62^{\circ}$, $26.00^{\circ}$, respectively. At the last follow-up, HVA, IMA, DMAA measured $9.57^{\circ}$, $7.14^{\circ}$, $9.33^{\circ}$. The correction of HVA, IMA, DMAA were $27.19^{\circ}$, $6.48^{\circ}$, $6.67^{\circ}$. At the last follow-up, there were no recurrences and complications, except two patients complained of unsatisfactory stiffness in the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint and subjectively rated their results as fair. The others rated that as excellent or good. At the last follow-up, statistically, the mean HMI scale and FFSS improved significantly from pre-operative score. Conclusions: In the treatment of moderate or severe hallux valgus with increased DMAA by metatarsal double osteotomy and longitudinal pin fixation, we had good functional and radiological results without recurrences and significant complications. But the stiffness in the 1st metatarsophalangeal joint warrants further study.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Purpose: We compared the bony arrangements of the forefoot in 2 different years, 1982 and 2004, to determine any changes with time period of 22 years. Materials and Methods: The radiographs of 200 normal Korean adults, 100 male and 100 female volunteers, were evaluated both in 1982 and 2004. The radiographic results were evaluated with as follows; hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), morphology of metatarsal head and relative anterior protrusion of the metatarsals and the phalanges. The mean ages were 38 years (23-52years) in 1982, and 37 years (24-50years) in 2004. Results: The mean of HVA decreased from 15.6 degrees in 1982 to 14.3 degrees in 2004 (p=0.047), and the mean of IMA increased from 8.0 degrees in 1982 to 9.4 degrees in 2004 (p=0.031). The morphology of metatarsal head and relative anterior protrusion of the metatarsals and the phalanges were not different between the two study years. Conclusion: Comparing with those of 1982 measurements, we found an increase of IMA and a decrease of HVA. A prospective study may be needed to illuminate course of the changes.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.140-144
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the treatment outcomes of distal chevron osteotomy with those of proximal metatarsal closing wedge osteotomy in patients with moderate severity hallux valgus. Materials and Methods: Forty-two patients (51 feet) who were underwent either distal chevron osteotomy (Group I, 22 patients, 27 feet) or proximal metatarsal closing wedge osteotomy (Group II, 20 patients, 24 feet) for the correction of moderate hallux valgus deformity were evaluated retrospectively. We assessed the radiographic results with several parameters including hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA). And clinical results with modified AOFAS score at last follow-up. Results: There were no significant differences in IMA, HVA and DMAA between two groups preoperatively. We can achieve the good results with both procedures, but mean HVA and IMA of group II was significantly lower than those of group I. There was some loss of correction in group I at the last follow-up. There was no significant difference in clinical results according to modified AOFAS scoring between two groups at the last follow-up. Conclusion: The proximal metatarsal closing wedge osteotomy for the hallux valgus with moderate severity is better treatment option to achieve better radiographic correction and to prevent loss of correction or recurrence than distal chevron osteotomy.

• ALGAE
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2019

Chilean species of marine macroalgae with amphitropical distributions oftentimes result from introductions out of the Northern Hemisphere. This possibility was investigated using haplotype data in an amphitropical red macroalgae present in Chile, Callophyllis variegata. Published sequence records from Canada and the United States were supplemented with new collections from Chile (April 2014-November 2015). Specimens of C. variegata were amplified for the 5′ end of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI-5P) and the full length nuclear internal transcribed spacer region. Haplotype networks and biogeographic distributions were used to infer whether C. variegata was introduced between hemispheres, and several population parameters were estimated using IMa2 analyses. C. variegata displayed a natural amphitropical distribution, with an isolation time of approximately 938 ka between hemispheres. It is hypothesized that contemporary populations of C. variegata were established from a refugial population during the late Pleistocene, and may have crossed the tropics via rafting on buoyant species of kelp or along deep-water refugia coincident with global cooling, representing a rare case of a non-human mediated amphitropical distribution.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2004

Purpose: We evaluated the results of various surgical treatments for hallux valgus with and without attempting to correct sesamoid subluxation. Materials and Methods: Thirty-one cases in 26 patients were involved in this study: Group I (15 cases) - surgery performed only to correct the hallux valgus angle (HVA) and the first-second intermetatarsal angle (IMA) in AP view; Group II (16 cases) - surgery performed to correct HVA and IMA and also to reduce the subluxation of sesamoid. The degree of sesamoid subluxation was measured from a pre- and intraoperative sesamoid tangential views. For both groups, we analysed the status of the sesamoid in pre- and postoperative radiographs and performed clinical evaluation using the Mayo clinic forefoot scoring system. Results: The average amount of correction during postoperative period and loss of correction at last follow-up in the sesamoid tangential view were as follows: soft tissue procedures (5 cases) - group I: grade $1.0{\pm}0.4/1.5{\pm}0.3$ and group II: grade $2.0{\pm}0.9/0.5{\pm}0.08$; chevron osteotomy (12 cases) - group I: grade $1.0{\pm}0.5/1.2{\pm}0.3$ and group II: grade $2.2{\pm}0.7/0.9{\pm}0.2$; proximal metatarsal osteotomy (14 cases) - group I: grade $4.0{\pm}0.4/1{\pm}0.2$ and group II: grade $4.7{\pm}1.1/0.8{\pm}0.1$. In clinical evaluation, more than 93% of the feet had a good result in both groups. The analysis of these data for each treatment type did not show any statistically significant differences between groups I and II. Conclusion: The radiologic and clinical results did not validate our attempts to reduce the sesamoid during surgery.