• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2002

When we research a landscape or make a Landscape Impact Assessment, we use the image of a specific season like summer or fall. Since there are four distinct seasons, each with a different landscape, researchers need to understand viewers′visual preferences for individual seasonal landscapes. The purpose of this study is to investigate viewers′visual preferences according to seasonal change and the respondent′s age, gender and profession. In this research, the independent variable is season: suing, summer, fall, winter and snowy winter. Three landscape types used in the experiment: forest, street and agriculture. Each landscape type has two sites for reliability. The assessment media for this research are pictures featuring landscapes taken in each of the four seasons. The study used the "paired comparison" method for taking the score of visual preference. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The summer landscape has the highest visual preference score. However, spring and fall landscapes should also be considered for visual landscape evaluation. 2. The visual preference of winter landscape covered with snow is very high, but since snow is temporal and irregular, it is difficult to consider this factor for visual landscape evaluation. 3. The visual preference score of winter is the lowest of four seasons. The attractive factors of spring are flowers, summer is greenery and fall is autumnal tints. But these are not present in winter. 4. The result of visual preferences according to age groups, gender and profession have no serious differences. 5. Visual preference to scenery of 4 seasons by age group was not different from general preference and thus was concluded to have no connection with age. 6. As a result from the research of visual preference to scenery of 4 seasons by sex, women were shown to like snow-scene more than men. This study presents an indication of general preferences of seasonal landscapes. It is expected that more advanced study will proceed after this one.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.117.3-118
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• 2003

We tested for the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus in 827 Fusarium graminearum isolated from diseased barley and maize. dsRNA mycoviruses with various sizes were isolated. Of them, it was previously reported that dsRNA from DK2l isolate had pronounced morphological changes, including reduction in mycelial growth, increased to red pigmentation, reduced virulence and sporulation. (Chu et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2002). For better understanding of this hypovirulence associated with DK2l dsRNA virus, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of dsRNA genome and named Fusarium hypovirus DK2l strain (Fhv-DK2l ). Genomic RNA of Fhv-DK2l was determined to be 6625 nucleotides in length excluding the poly (A) tail and contained three putative open reading frame. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and helicase domain were expected in ORF A, 54 to 4709 nucleotide position. ORE B, 4752 to 5216 nucleotide position, and ORF C, 5475 to 6578 nucleotide position, were predicted to encode 16.7kDa and 41.3kDa protein respectively each. We could not detect any conserved domains from these two proteins. Phylogenetic analysis showed Fhv-DK2l was related to Cryphonectria hypovirus 3. Ten additional isolates were found that were infected with dsRNA mycoviruses. These mycoviruses contain 2 to 4 different segments of dsRNAs with the size range of approximately 1.7 to 10-kbp in length. The presence of dsRNAs isolates did not affect colony morphology and were transmissible through conidia and ascospore with incidence of 30-100％. These results indicate that there is genomic diversity of dsRNA mycoviruses that infect F. graminearum isolates and that impact of virus infection on host's morphology and virulence is determined by the interaction between dsRNAs and the fungal host, not by the mere presence of the dsRNAs

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.165-179
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• 2002

This paper begins with the thesis that the so-called 'Be Slow' Movement has not only affected the contemporary life style but also the current fashion trend in the West as well as in Korea. The influence of the 'Be Slow' Movement on the everyday life of Western and Korean society can be documented by recent books, news reports, and many articles from various kinds of mass media and fashion magazines since the year 2000. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First. the 'Be Slow' Movement is a new cultural phenomenon and very different from that of the past century. It has emerged very recently and it could affect the life style o( its followers for a long period of time. Second, the influence of 'Be Slow' Movement on everyday life can be witnessed in many behavioral choices. such as the preference of organic food and natural cooking for food and the preference of rural life and a green patch of land for housing. Some aspects of the way of rearing the children and long-term planning of one's life are also under the influence of 'Be Slow' Movement. In a way. the life style Proposed by the 'Be Slow' Movement is somewhat similar to that of 'Bobos'. Third, the influence of 'Be Slow' Movement on the current fashion trend can be observed in the appreciation of time-consuming labour and increased usage of D.I.Y. clothing. The higher value of fashion goods with handcrafted part or scarce luxury item are good examples of the influence by the 'Be Slow' Movement. One can say that the 'Be Slow' Movement is not retrogression, but a re-creation of time and space to be grateful for one's life. Thus, it is not anti-technology but a commercialism with technology in order to enhance the quality of life and to place people in the center of production and consumption. Consequently, one may say that the 'Be Slow' Movement is a appropriate and affluent way of living.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.271-283
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• 2002

P-wave velocity of concrete is a crucial parameter in determining the thickness of concrete lining, the location of cracks or other defects in Impact-Echo(IE) method. This study introduces an IE-SASW method that may determine the P-wave velocity on a surface of each testing area using the Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave (SASW) method. In numerical studies(Part I), it was verified that P-wave velocities could be obtained from SASW. In this paper(Part II), experimental studies were made in slab type concrete model specimens in which voids and waterproof sheet were included at the known locations. Accordingly, the feasibility of the proposed method was evaluated. The IE-SASW method was also performed in the precast model tunnel on ground and open-cut tunnel in ground. SASW tests were performed to determine the P-wave velocity of the concrete and then IE tests were carried at regularly spaced points along the testing lines to determine the thickness of structures. The nondestructive testing method which combined SASW and IE tests showed the great potential in the field applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.173-186
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• 2002

Street Style, occurred in British and America, has been expressed the character of the new generation by repeating developments and changes. Nowadays, pop music reflects the phase of society. and simultaneously it has influence on from culture to society. Rock Music was rooted in Country 8l western of America. Upon Country & Western, Afro-Americans Rhythm & Blues was added, and that was the birth of Rockabilly. Rockabilly developed to Rock'n 'roll and it started to change to various forms of Rock since 1950s. As the commercial impact and the breakthrough of teenagers emotion, the rock culture comprised the base of the youth culture. However. it formed the anti-establishment culture against the established value, accepting working class subculture. The teenager culture was affected by the Rock culture, also found relief in the opulence provided by the established generation, imitating it as it was. Simultaneously, it had a contrary aspect as anti-establishment form under the banner of revolt against languor in richness. The youth culture created street style that was escaped from high fashion, every time Rock music had changes. Since Street style was based on resistance of established culture and it fully refused vogue, it was indifferent from high fashion. The results of this study were as following. First, every time Rock music had changes, the new youth culture was concomitant with, the youth culture created street style. Secondly, rockahibilly style was characterized as diamond shaped design, embroidery, extra wide shirt collar, vivid contrast color . Rockers style was represented as metal studs, beads, denim, leather jacket, boots. Fusion of hippies style and Psychedelic, long hair, beads. worn denim were elements of headbangers style. Punks style was characterized as ripped T-shirt. rooster hair, over decorated jacket, short skirt. net or plastic T-shirt. Lastly, the firm relation between popular art and fashion was proved by examining the history of Rock Music and Street Style.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.370-379
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• 2002

In the Korean electricity supply structure, the role of nuclear power generation is essential. But, the delaying of radioactive waste management program induces negative impact to the stable electricity supply. Despite the continuing endeavors of Korean Government and nuclear power industry, radioactive waste management program of Korea is experiencing a continuing setback. In this background, the study examined the past and current policy and recommends that; Long term safety assurance should be the prime objective of radioactive waste management; Siting process should be transparent and opened to the public with the involvement of safety regulatory authority; A new neutral organization which has no conflicts of interest with any other existing organizations should be established to coordinate and manage the R&D programs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2010

Objectives: The Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) payment system, which has been mplemented in Korea since 1997, is based on voluntary participation. Hence, the positive impact of this system depends on the participation of physicians. This study examined the factors determining participation of Korean obstetrics & gynecology (OBGYN) clinics in the DRG-based payment system. Methods: The demographic information, practice-related variables of OBGYN clinics and participation information in the DRG-based payment system were acquired from the nationwide data from 2002 to 2007 produced by the National Health Insurance Corporation and the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service. The subjects were 336 OBGYN clinics consisting of 43 DRG clinics that had maintained their participation in 2003-2007 and 293 no-DRG (fee-for-service) clinics that had never been a DRG clinic during the same period. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the factors associated with the participation of OBGYN clinics in the DRG-based payment system. Results: The factors affecting participation of OBGYN clinics in the DRG-based payment system were as follows (p<0.05): (1) a larger number of caesarian section (c/sec) claims, (2) higher cost of a c/sec, (3) less variation in the price of a c/sec, (4) fewer days of admission for a c/sec, and (5) younger pregnant women undergoing a c/sec. Conclusions: These results suggest that OBGYN clinics with an economic practice pattern under a fee-for-service system are more likely to participate in the DRG-based payment system. Therefore, to ensure adequate participation of physicians, a payment system with a stronger financial incentive might be more suitable in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.393-396
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• 2002

Purpose of this study is to suggest some modules to integrate schedule and change control. The study has been performed through the process of literature review, effect comparison of being not integrated and integrated of the schedule and change control, and finally suggest new integrated modules. The results of this study are as follows: 1) Suggestion of a Predicted Change Information Control Module: This nodule can be used to assess the impact of changes in advance and to prepare counteraction. 2) Suggestion of a Change Information Control Module: This module is used to update current schedule for the realized changes. 3) Suggestion of a Revision History Maintenance Module: This module is used to record schedule and cost revision history and to analyze the overall change trend.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.235-238
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• 2002

The successful completion of a construction project requires a thorough understanding of all stages and phases of the project, and enhanced through integration of design and construction during the pre-construction stage. Constructability is a major factor in measuring the success or failure of construction project. During the pre-construction stage, lack of construction knowledge integration in the planning and design process is a major factor that leads to constructability problems during the construction stage. this study is to find out such problems based on interview and questionnaire in the structure's work of High-Rise Office Buildings. The objective of this study is to Identify Impact aspect of the structure's work of High-Rise Office Buildings.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.4 no.2 s.12
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• pp.9-18
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• 2002

The main distresses that influence pavement performance are rutting, fatigue cracking, and longitudinal roughness. Thus, it is important to analyze the factors that affect these three distresses, and to develop prediction models. In this paper, three distress prediction models were developed using DataPave program which stores data from a wide variety of pavement sections In the United States. Also, sensitivity studies were conducted to evaluate how the input variables impact on the distresses. The result of sensitivity study for the prediction model of rutting showed that asphalt content, air void, and optimum moisture content of subgrade were the major factors that affect rutting. The output of sensitivity study for the prediction model of fatigue cracking revealed that asphalt consistency, asphalt content, and air void were the most influential variables. The prediction model of longitudinal roughness indicated asphalt consistency, #200 passing percent of subgrade aggregate, and asphalt content were the factors that affect longitudinal roughness.