• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.669-684
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• 2016

This study investigates Korean fighter pilot's usage and satisfaction of a flight duty uniform (FDU). The survey was conducted from October 2014 to March 2015 using Focus Group Interview (FGI) and questionnaires. FGI collected qualitative data about duty and requirements; subsequently, surveys were performed to collect quantitative data about wearing conditions and satisfaction with FDU. The results of the FGI and the questionnaire were as follows. Type of pilot duty was divided into two parts, flight duty and ground duty. It is important to consider duties as well as factors related to survival when developing FDU. According to anthropometric data and wearing size, the basic size for apparel grading should be changed from actual size, 'M95XL' to 'M100L'. It is also necessary to improve the whole sizing system. Further studies about body form changes in pilot's movement are needed to improve mobility because the respondents perceived some restrictions at several body parts in movement with the coverall uniform. Summer FDU had a low satisfaction level in vent hole function and appearance. Furthermore, protection problems in the vent hole were also an issue. Making a seasonal classification of FDU fabric will be more effective than a vent hole to increase a pilot's thermal satisfaction. Respondents had a passive stance towards FDU reform (including pocket change); therefore, a new FDU design strategy should concentrate on improving current FDU functions like mobility (or comfort) rather than dramatic changes. Pilots complained about the quality stability of FDU; therefore, quality control by military administration as well as concrete and clear design instructions by the developer should be attained together. The results obtained in this study are expected to be used as an important basis for the further development of FDU.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.250-256
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• 2005

A selective method of high performance liquid chromatography with UV detector has been applied to determine 4 tetracycline antibiotics in the animal food, simultaneously. The targets were chlortetracycline (CTC), doxycycline (DC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and tetracycline (TC) that are used routinely in veterinary medicine for prevention and control of disease. Food samples were beef, pork, chicken, milk, whole egg, flatfish (Limanda yokohamae), jacopever (Sebastes hubbsi), seabream (Chrysophrys major), eel (Anguilla japonica) and lobster (Hommarus americanus). After extracting food samples with 20% trichloroacetic acid and McIlvaine buffer, they were purified by a $C_18$ SPE cartridge with 0.01M methanolic oxalic acid solution. The concentrated residue was re-dissolved in methanol, filtered, cleaned up and analyzed on a $C_18$ column. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.01M oxalic acid and acetonitrile with a gradient ratio from 85:15 to 60:40. The UV wavelength was 365 nm. The overall recoveries were ranged from 71% to 98% and the limit of detections were 0.022 for CTC, 0.012 for DC and OTC and 0.009 mg/kg for TC at signal/noise > 3, respectively. As results, CTC, DC and TC were not detected in all selected food samples, however, OTC was detected in meat and fishes. The determined level of OTC was 0.04 ppm for pork, 0.17 ppm for flatfish and 0.05 and 0.08 ppm for jacopever, that were within the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) in the food.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.273-278
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• 2008

There have been studies about dog’s personality and behavior, which is helpful to breed dogs as guide or companion. In this study, a questionnaire was developed using 54 Jindo dogs, which considered ten items about aggressiveness and sociability. The scores were analyzed by principle component analysis (PCA), after accounting for four variables: age, gender, growing place, and coat-colors. Our results from the PCA indicated three principle components, which classified ‘aggressiveness’, ‘sociability’ and unknown factor. The four variables did not significantly affect aggressiveness(P>0.05). However, there was a relationship between coat-color and sociability, i.e., the Jindo dogs with fawn color were more sociable than the white ones(P<0.1).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Food Sanitary Act establishes Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of pesticides in food that are newly registered and used per each quarter, as stipulated by Agro-chemical Control Act. Current Food Code contains the MRLs for a total of 418 pesticides in 184 food types. METHODS AND RESULTS: National MRLs for pesticides have been established by based on scientific data of good agricultural practice, acceptable daily intake (ADI), food intake, average body weight and others. MRLs for pesticides are generally set under the principle that theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) are always below ADI. As results, 27 MRLs in agricultural products were newly proposed for 22 pesticides (fungicide: azoxystrobin, fludioxonil, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, iprovalicarb, kresoxim-methyl, mandipropamid, metconazole, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, triflumizole, etc., Insecticide: dinotefuran, flubendiamide, indoxacarb, cyhalothrin, spinetoram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, metaflumizone, etc., Acaricide(miticide): cyenopyrafen, lufenuron) in 2010. CONCLUSION(s): There is no intake concerns for establishment of pesticide MRLs on foods in this time. Because the ratio of theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI) are set below that of ADI.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.15-30
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• 2019

The reduction of traffic accidents is a primary potential benefit of autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, the prevalence of AVs also arouses a key question: to what extent should a human wrest control back from AVs? Specifically, in an unavoidable situation of emergency, should an AV be able to decide between the safety of its own passengers and endangered pedestrians? Should AV programming include well-accepted decision rules about actionsto take in hypothetical situations? The current study (N = 103) examined individual/situational variables that could perform critical decision-making roles in AV related traffic accidents. The individual variable of attitudes toward AVs was assessed using the Self-driving Car Acceptance Scale. To investigate situational influences on decisional processes, the study's participants were assigned to one of two groups: the achievement value was activated in one group and the benevolence value was triggered in the other through the use of a sentence completion task. Thereafter, participants were required to indicate who should be protected from injury: the passengers of the concerned AV, or endangered pedestrians. Participants were also asked to record the extent to which they intended to buy an AV programmed to decide in favor of the greater good according to Utilitarian principles. The results suggested that participants in the "achievement value: driver perspective" groupexpressed the lowest willingness to sacrifice themselves to save several pedestrians in an unavoidable traffic accident. This group of participants was also the most reluctant to buy an AV programmed with utilitarian rules, even though there were significant positive relationships between members' acceptance of AVs and their expressed intention to purchase one. These findings highlight the role of the decisional processes involved in the "achievement value" pertaining to AVs. The paper finally records the limitations of the present study and suggests directions for future research.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.527-531
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• 2006

We have prepared organophilic inorganic particles and polyimide (PI) nanocomposite having excellent thermal stability and high dielectric constant that can be used for electronic application such as capacitor. We have chosen barium titanate (BT), a high dielectric constantmaterial and its surface was coated with nylon 6 to improve the affinity with PI. The FT-IR and TEM studies showed that the organophilic inorganic particle (BTN) has a polymer shell with thickness of 5 nm. We have suggested that it is possible to control the thickness of coating surface and also indicated the relationship between the ratio of inside and outside radius of BTN and the weight fraction of BT. The PI nanocomposite films based on poly(amic acid) and BTN were prepared by cyclodehydration reaction. The homogeneous dispersion of BTN in PI matrix was identified by using SEM. We have investigated the effect of BTN content on the coefficient of thermal stability, integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT), and dielectric constant of PI nanocomposite films.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.476-486
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• 2009

Major objective of our study was to introduce initial researches of national long-term ecological monitoring studies on Daechung Reservoir, as one of the representative lentic reservoir ecosystems in Korea. For the long-term ecological research (LTER), we conducted preliminary field monitoring during 2008~2009 and analyzed biological parameters such as phytoplankton, zooplankton, and freshwater fish along with chemical water quality and empirical model analysis. According to phytoplankton surveys, major taxa have varied largely depending on seasons and sites sampled. Overall phytoplankton data showed that cyanophyta dominated in the summer period and diatoms dominated in the winter. In zooplankton analysis, 25 species including 20 rotifers, 3 cladocerans and 2 copepods were collected during the survey. The relative abundance of rotifers (86.5%) was always greater than that of cladocerans (6.3%) or copepods (5.1%). There were distinct spatial and inter-annual changes in the abundance of zooplankton in the reservoir, displaying similar patterns in three sites with the exception of S3 during the study. According to fish surveys, 8 families and 39 species were observed during 2008~2009. The most dominant fish was an exotic species of Lepomis macrochirus (23%), indicating an severe influence of exotic species to the ecosystem. TP averaged $17.9\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ ($6{\sim}80\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$), which was judged as a mesotrophy, and showed a distinct longitudinal gradients. TN averaged $1.585\;{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ during the study and judged as hypereutrophic condition. Unlike TP, TN didn't show any large seasonal and spatial variations. Under the circumstances, nitrogen limitation may not happen in this system, indicating that nitrogen control is not effective in the watershed managements. These data generated in the LTER station will provide key information on long-term biological and water quality changes in relation to global warming and some clues for efficient reservoir ecosystem managements.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.293-299
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• 1985

This study is to verify the protective ability against experimental Naegleria meningoencephalitis by immunization with Naegleria fowleri in mice. Naegleria fewleri, strain 0359, and Naegleria gruberi, strain EGB, were used in this study, and cultured in CGVS medium akenically. Inbred BALB/C mice, weighing about 20g, were immunized by three intraperitoneal injection of $1{\times}10^6$ N. fowleri trophozoites at the interval of one week. This N. fowleri trophozoites antigen was fixed with 5% formaldehyde. N. fowleri trophozoites from culture were homogenized with soiicator at $4^{\circ}C$ as monitored by phase contrast microscopy, and their membrane and cell content preparations were made for the immunization of mice. Their inoculation dose in volume was equivalent to the $1{\times}10^6$ trophozoites in each injection for immunization. And N. gruberi trophosoites, whieh was fixed with 5% formaldehyde, were also used for immunisation. Mice were inoculated intranasally with $5{\times}10^4$ N. fowleri trophozoites in a 511 suspension under anesthesia by as intraperitoneal injection of about 1 mg secobarbiturate. Nervousness, rotation or sluggish behaviour were observed in the mice which were infected with N. fewleri. Necrotic lesion was demonstrated in the anterior portion of brain, especially in the olfactory lobe. The inflammatory cell infiltration with numerous H. fowleri trophozoites was noticed. This pathological changes were more extensive in the control than in the experimental groups. Mice were dead due to experimental primary amoebic meningoencephalitis that developed between 8 days and 23 days after inoculation. Mortality rate of the mice was low in the immunized experimental group. Mean survival time, which is the survival duration of mice from the infection to death, was prolonged significantly in the immunized mice except in the mice immunized with JV, fowleri membrane. Even in the mice immunized with N. gruberi, survival time was delayed. In summary, the effectiveness of immunization is demonstrated in terms of protective immunity against Naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2018

The ocean is a harsh environment and Korea Coast Guard officers often face the threat of death or going missing in the line of duty. In order to promptly identify unknown bodies during mishaps, Korea Coast Guard Research Center has established an identification system using the DNA of its officers. This collected DNA can also be entombed in National Cemeteries when the remains are not recovered. The storage, disposal and quality control of the materials are overseen by the Governing Committee according to the Enforcement Rules for the Human Biological Materials Storage Project for the Identification of Officers Killed or Gone Missing in Action. Approximately 700 bodies are found per year along the Korean coast. An alternative method should be put in place for when identification through fingerprints and teeth are not applicable due to severe decomposition or partial recovery. We believe it would greatly contribute to helping identify the unknown bodies if the storage project could expand its data to include marine industry workers, relevant researchers and those involved in marine leisure activities.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.89-103
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• 2020

A frizz hair is referred to the fly-away hairs that have become bulky or deviated from the regular hair and the cause of that is not clear known. The internal lipids are related to the physical properties of hair such as elasticity and tensile strength and interracial studies have previously conducted to relate the lipid mass and Afrikaan hair, which has a lot of frizzy hair. Although washing hair is the only way to control the hair loss without damage of hair surface, the number of washing and lipid loss are not linearly correlated. In this study, the amount of lipid hair was analyzed by washing the hair with a few different types of shampoos containing various conditioning polymers and oils of different polarities. The results confirmed that the higher the polarity of the oil, the higher the lipid content. This method was applied to Indian frizzy hair to evaluate the degree of frizziness and found that the frizzy volume was more severe for a hair with less lipids. On the other hand, the frizzy hair volume of fly-away hairs was observed more broadly for the hairs with higher lipid contents. In addition, the friction on the surface of the hair did not differ due to the oil treatment. Taken together, it was concluded that hair frizzing was affected by the amount of lipids in the hair rather than by the adhesion between the oils. Thus, this study suggests that controlling the lipid contents in hair may be an important solution in the development of hair anti-frizzy technology.