• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 2016

In this study, three different metal-containing ionic liquid catalysts were prepared by metal insertion and characterized by various physicochemical analytic methods. The catalytic performance of the metal containing ionic liquids in the cycloaddition of $CO_2$ with propylene oxide (PO) to produce propylene carbonate (PC) was investigated under the solvent free condition. The order of approximate rate constants ($K_{app}$) for the metal containing ionic liquid catalysts was $(MeIm)_2ZnCl_2$, > $(MeIm)_2FeCl_2$ > $(MeIm)_2CuCl_2$. These results are in accord with the experimentally obtained activity order of the different metal containing ionic liquid catalysts.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.4
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• pp.351-372
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• 2001

Im Rahmen der Kognitionswissenschaft werden im Grunde zwei Modelle zur menschlichen Informationsverarbeitung vertreten: Symbolismus und Konnektionismus. Aus diesen beiden Modellen lassen sich ebenfalls zwei $Ans\"{a}tze$ zur Sprachverarbeitung, insbesondere zur morphologischen Verarbeitung ableiten. So sind beim konnektionistischen Ansatz $regul\"{a}re\;sowie\;irregul\"{a}re$ Flexionsformen einheitlich im $Ged\"{a}chtnis$ gespeichert und verarbeitet. Diese Vorstellung weicht sich radikal von den Grundannahmen des symbolorientierten Ansatzes, bei dem eine strikte Unterscheidung zwischen regelgeleiteten und gespeicherten Flexions­formen untemommen wird. Hierbei werden $regul\"{a}re$ Flexionsformen durch symbolische Regeln, die ein Affix mit einem Stamm oder einer Wurzel verbinden, abgeleitet: $irregul\"{a}re$ Flexionsformen sind dagegen im $Ged\"{a}chtnis$ gespeichert. Der wesentliche Unterschied zwischen konnektionistischem und symbolischem Modell besteht demnach darin, dass nur beim letzteren die mentale Existenz linguistischer Regeln angenommen wird. Zahlreiche Untersuchungen zur $Repr\"{a}sentation$ und Verarbeitung der Flexionselemente im Deutschen als Muttersprache deuten darauf hin, dass das symbolische Modell plausibler ist als das konnektionistische. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind in der vorliegenden Untersuchung Ergebnisse aus einem psycholinguistischen Experiment zur morphologischen Verarbeitung im Deutschen als Zweitsprache vorgestellt und diskutiert worden. Festzustellen ist, dass unsere Ergebnisse rnit den Grundannahmen des symbolorienteriten Modells zu vereinbaren sind.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.385-395
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• 2020

We present a new maximum likelihood approach to estimate demographic history using genomic data sampled from two populations. A demographic model such as an isolation-with-migration (IM) model explains the genetic divergence of two populations split away from their common ancestral population. The standard probability model for an IM model contains a latent variable called genealogy that represents gene-specific evolutionary paths and links the genetic data to the IM model. Under an IM model, a genealogy consists of two kinds of evolutionary paths of genetic data: vertical inheritance paths (coalescent events) through generations and horizontal paths (migration events) between populations. The computational complexity of the IM model inference is one of the major limitations to analyze genomic data. We propose a fast maximum likelihood approach to estimate IM models from genomic data. The first step analyzes genomic data and maximizes the likelihood of a coalescent tree that contains vertical paths of genealogy. The second step analyzes the estimated coalescent trees and finds the parameter values of an IM model, which maximizes the distribution of the coalescent trees after taking account of possible migration events. We evaluate the performance of the new method by analyses of simulated data and genomic data from two subspecies of common chimpanzees in Africa.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.23 no.3 s.59
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

Through multiple stage analysis, the biochores in Korea were classified and organized as a hierarchy system. In the 1st step, the isopleth lines of warmth index $100^{\circ}C,\;85^{\circ}C,\;55^{\circ}C\;\cdot$ month and the coldness index $-8^{\circ}C,\;or-10^{\circ}C\;\cdot$ month, which indicate the boundaries of plant formation zones (Yim and Kira 1975; Yim 1977), were applied in the determination of major biochores. In the 2nd step, these biochores were subdivided into the five classes based on Thornthwaite's moisture index (Im) and Yim and Kira (1976), as follows: $100{\le}Im,100 In the 3 rd step, the analysis of topographic features yielded three categories of flatlands, gentle slope, and steep slope areas. These were obtained by adopting the $100{\times}100-meter$ gridded DEM and by considering the physical features of the Korean Peninsula. The features of relief in mountainous areas, waters, islands, etc. were converted into climatic indices. This grouping of biochores serves as a useful tool for the interpretation of the distributional patterns of vegetation of vascular plants and similar phenomena.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.81-86
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• 2023

Recently, demand for embedded systems requiring low power and high specifications has been increasing, and RISC-V processors are being widely applied. RISC-V, a RISC-based open instruction set architecture (ISA), has been developed and researched by UC Berkeley and other researchers since 2010. RV32I ISA is sufficient to support integer operations such as addition and subtraction instructions, but M-extension should be defined for multiplication and division instructions. This paper proposes an RV32I, RV32IM processor, and indicates benchmark performance scores compared to an existing processor. Additionally, A non-stalling method was proposed to support a 2-stage pipelined DSP multiplier to the 5-stage pipelined RV32IM processor. Proposed RV32I and RV32IM processors satisfied a maximum operating frequency of 50 MHz on Artix-7 FPGA. The performance of the proposed processors was verified using benchmark programs from Dhrystone and Coremark. As a result, the Coremark benchmark results of the proposed processor showed that it outperformed the existing RV32IM processor by 23.91%.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 1970

Two peptides (Im pr-M, Im ch-M) derived from Im ${\lambda}-type$ of Bence Jones Protein and one peptide (Ikch-M) from Ik were separated and purified using the Dowex $50{\times}2$ column $(1{\times}20\;cm)$ and Dowex $1{\times}2(0.9{\times}50\;cm)$. The buffer solution was composed of 1% pyridine and IM formic acid in Dowex $1{\times}2$ column. The blocked N-terminal was examined with ninhydrin reaction before and after alkaline hydrolysis, which was fractionated by Dowex $1{\times}2$ column. Pyrro-glutamic acid in N-terminal residue was identified by comparing with the authentic pyrro-glutamic acid through a high voltage electrophoresis (pH 3.5, 3000 V.) after the peptide Im pr-M (PCA. Ser) was cleavaged at the position of serine with cone. (12 N) HCl and the pyrro-glutamic acid was converted to glutamic acid by treating it with N-NaOH for 116 hours at $27^{\circ}C$. The substractive method was applied to find out the sequence of peptides and carboxypeptidase A was employed to release C-terminal residue from the peptide. In present study PCA. Ser in Im Pr-M was isolated from the pronase digested ${\lambda}$-type Bence Jones protein. The yield of the Im Pr-M was 79.6 percent of its theoretical value, based on the molecular weight of Bence Jones Protein. Im ch-M (PCA. Ser Val. Leu) was isolated from the chymotrypsin digested ${\lambda}$-type Bence Jones Protein. The yield of the Im ch-M was 72.2 percent. based on the molecular weight of Bence Jones Protein. Ik ch-M (PCA. Ser. Ala. Leu) was isolated from the chymotrypsin digested ${\lambda}$-type Bence Jones Protein and its yield was 42% based on the molecular weight of Bence Jones Protein.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.73-74
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.75-77
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• 2008

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.80-81
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• 2008

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2015

Objective : The aim of this study is to verify validity of Long Form Assessment, which is an Interactive Metronome $measure^{(R)}$(LFA-IM), as a measurement of praxis of children. Methods : The study was implemented from March 2015 to July 2015. Twenty-five children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and those without ADHD (age of 6~11) were selected from a local university hospital and community in Gyeoung-Nam province and Busan for this study. In order to examine discriminative validity of LFA-IM, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, second edition (BOT-2) was used to compare the difference of results with LFA-IM for both children with- and without ADHD. For concurrent validity, correlation between LFA-IM and BOT-2 was investigated using spearman correlation coefficients. Results : For the comparison between children with ADHD and children without ADHD, there were significant differences in the total scores of LFA-IM (p<.05). Regarding the concurrent validity, there was a strong negative correlation between the total scores of LFA-IM and BOT-2 (p<.05). In addition, there was high correlation between LFA-IM and BOT-2 for the area of hand control (rs=-.532), and high negative correlation for the area of fine-motor accuracy (rs=-.447), hand dexterity (rs=-.532), and balance control (rs=-.623) (p<.05). Conclusion : This study identified validities of LFA-IM as an assessment of praxis of children. The results showed that it is appropriate to evaluate praxis of children with the total score of LFA-IM and, thus, it is believed that LFA-IM has a potential clinical utility. However, there should be more researches with large number of subjects.