• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.188-194
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• 2014

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the effect of ethanol extract from Rosa rugosa Thunb. flowers(ERF) on the activities of antioxidant, antiwrinkle and whitening. Methods : We measured antioxidant efficacy of ERF by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) assay. Also we confirmed the inhibitory effect of ERF on collagenase activity and melanin synthesis by using collagenase assay kit and dihydroxiphenylalanine staining, respectively. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of ERF, we examined the inflammatory mediator IL-6. Results : ERF showed highly efficacy in DPPH radical scavenging activity. ERF dose-dependently suppressed collagenase activity. Ultraviolet-induced production of IL-6 decreased by ERF treatment. In B16F10 cell, ERF significantly reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. Conclusions : From the above results, it was indicated that ERF could be utilized as anti-aging and whitening cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.130-138
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• 2005

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Phellodendron amurense(PLDA) on the Alzheimer's disease. The effects of PLDA extract on $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ and AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ and behavior of memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine and mice glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. PLDA extract suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$ ; AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$ plus $rIL-1{\beta}$. PLDA extract increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine. PLDA extract group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the memory deficit of mice induced by scopolamine in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above results, it is suggested that PLDA extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2014

Panax ginseng is a medicinal herb that is used worldwide. Its medicinal effects are primarily attributable to ginsenosides located in the root, leaf, seed, and flower. The flower buds of Panax ginseng (FBPG) are rich in various bioactive ginsenosides, which exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 18 ginsenosides isolated from steamed FBPG on the transcriptional activity of NF-${\kappa}B$ and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-stimulated target genes in liver-derived cell lines. Noticeably, the ginsenosides $Rk_3$ and $Rs_4$ exerted the strongest activity, inhibiting NF-${\kappa}B$ in a dose-dependent manner. SF and $Rg_6$ also showed moderately inhibitory effects. Furthermore, these four compounds inhibited the TNF-${\alpha}$-induced expression of IL8, CXCL1, iNOS, and ICAM1 genes. Consequently, ginsenosides purified from steamed FBPG have therapeutic potential in TNF-${\alpha}$-mediated diseases such as chronic hepatic inflammation.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.46-52
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• 2023

The most abundant flavanone of grapefruits, naringenin (NN), is well known for its hepatoprotective, anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-carcinogenic effects. We generated three derivatives from NN using this technique in previous studies. Among them, it was confirmed that naringenin-7-O-phosphate (N7P), whose biological and physicochemical properties were not reported, showed a water solubility 45 times higher than that of NN. Therefore, in this study, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in RAW 264.7 cells to investigate the potential physiological activity of N7P. As a result, N7P showed nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity at concentrations that did not show toxicity. In addition, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) showed significant inhibitory activity from the lowest concentration of 12.5 μM and showed increased inhibitory activity compared to NN. In addition, as a result of western blot, N7P showed increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory activity than NN, and effectively inhibited NO and PGE₂ by significantly inhibiting their expression pathways. N7P also inhibited inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6. Based on these results, we propose that N7P can be used as a potent antiinflammatory agent.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.117-126
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was an analysis of the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and skin whitening properties of Gamioncheong-decoctione(GMOCD) extract. Methods : GMOCD(96 g) and 2 L of distilled water were heated at $100^{\circ}C$ for four hours and then concentrated, frozen, freeze-dried, dissolved in distilled water and filtered. The following analysis was completed: cell cytotoxic effect using MTT assay, oxidative products of NO by griess assay, concentration of prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ by commercially competitive enzyme immunoassay, and cytokines($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$) by Bio-Plex$^{(R)}$ Suspension Array System's Bio-Plex Pro$^{TM}$ mouse cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor assay. Anti-oxidative effect was measured using the DPPH method and skin whitening effect using tyrosinase inhibition assay. Results : GMOCD water-extract did not show any toxicity at all doses and cell viability was more than 90 % at all doses. GMOCD water-extract significantly inhibited NO production at doses of 100, 200, $400{\mu}g/ml$, significantly inhibited $PGE_2$ production at doses of 200 and $400{\mu}g/ml$ and reduced the LPS-induced IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in a dose-dependent manner. $IL-1{\beta}$ production was significantly reduced at a dose of $400{\mu}g/ml$ and IL-6 production was significantly reduced at doses of 200 and $400{\mu}g/ml$. DPPH free radical scavenging capability had a skin whitening effect rate of more than 50%. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was apparent in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions : This study suggests that GMOCD water-extract suppressed NO and $PGE_2$ production and inhibited cytokines($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$). GMOCD also improved DPPH free radical scavenging capability. GMOCD water-extract increased tyrosinase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner but this was not a statistically significant result.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2002

The present study was performed to investigate the excellent microbial anticaries substance, aminoglycoside antibiotic, which is more effective than chlorhexidine for the treatment of dental caries. The aminoglycoside antibiotic against Streptococcus mutans JC-2 from a novel alkaliphilic Bacillus alkalophilshaggy JY-827 exhibited no significant difference at the treatment concentration of $2.5{\times}10^{-7}M$, however, it inhibited the activity of the Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase by 70.2% and 99.8% at the concentrations of $2.5{\times}10^{-7}$M\;and\;2.5{\times}10^{-6}M$, respectively. Lineweaver-Burk plot of the inhibitory aminoglycoside antibiotic showed competitive inhibition, with $K_i$ value of $6.4{\times}10^{-6}$ M. The aminoglycoside antibiotic did not show any cytotoxicity against human gingival cells. To evaluate the industrial applicability of the aminoglycoside antibiotic, a toothpaste containing this substance was prepared and tested on the extracted human teeth. The inhibitory rate of tooth calcification and calcium ion elution by the aminoglycoside antibiotic were 50% and 2.5 times, respectively. These results suggested that the aminoglycoside antibiotic from Bacillus alkalophilshaggy JY-827 is an effective agent against dental caries.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 2009

In an attempt to find natural sources of antioxidants and whitening agents, Comparisons of the antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of various ethanol extracts of Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Acanthopanacis Cortex were carried out. Comparison of the four ethanol extracts revealed that, Astragali Radix had the highest electron-donating ability(72.5%) and the highest SOD-like ability(26.1%). The xanthine oxidase experiment exhibited a hindrance effect of 88.5% in Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, 81.1% in Acanthopanacis Cortex, 75.8% in Astragali Radix. A tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay was conducted to evaluate the whitening effects of the extracts, The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 42.1% in the Acanthopanacis Cortex, 37.2% in the Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba, 6.0% in the Astragali Radix. Based on these results, we suggest that the ethanol extracts of Astragali Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Acanthopanacis Cortex can be used as food and cosmetic ingredients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3909-3919
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• 2013

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of A ferruginea extract on Dalton's lymphoma ascites (DLA) induced tumours in BALB/c mice. Experimental animals received A ferruginea extract (10 mg/kg.b.wt) intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days after DLA tumor challenge. Treatment with extract significantly increased the life span, total white blood cell (WBC) count and haemoglobin (Hb) content and decreased the level of serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (${\gamma}$-GT) and nitric oxide (NO) in DLA bearing ascites tumor models. In addition, administration of extract significantly decreased the tumour volume and body weight in a DLA bearing solid tumor model. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-1 beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as well as pro-angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were elevated in solid tumour controls, but significantly reduced by A ferruginea administration. On the other hand, the extract stimulated the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) in animals with DLA induced solid tumours. Increase in $CD4^+$ T-cell population suggested strong immunostimulant activity for this extract. GC/MS and LC/MS analysis showed quinone, quinoline, imidazolidine, pyrrolidine, cyclopentenone, thiazole, pyrazole, catechin and coumarin derivatives as major compounds present in the A ferruginea methanolic extract. Thus, the outcome of the present study suggests that A ferruginea extract has immunomodulatory and tumor inhibitory activities and has the potential to be developed as a natural anticancer agent.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.462-465
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• 2011

Chrysin analogs with 2-heteroaryl groups were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against $PGE_2$ and NO production from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Chrysin analogs were synthesized from 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxy-acetophenone and heteroaryl aldehydes in 3 steps. The tested chrysin analogs showed decreased inhibitory activity against $PGE_2$ and NO production than those of chrysin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 1989

Effects of panaxydol, panaxynol and panaxytriol isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on some enzyme activities were determined. Activities of ATPase, membrane-bound enzyme from Sarcoma 180 and rat liver were slightly inhibited by panaxydol. Activities of 5'-nucleotidase, membrane-bound enzyme and succinate cytochrome c reductase in mitochonidria from sarcoma 180 and rat livers were significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by panaxynol. The inhibitory effects of panaxydol and panaxynol on succinate cytochrome c reductase activities were more potent than those on 5'-nucleotidase activities and panaxynol was found to be a very potent inhibitor of succinate cytochrome c reductase. Activities of glucose-6-phosphatase in endoplasmic reticulum from Sarcoma 180 and rat livers were not affected by all three polyacetylenes. These results suggested that the inhibitory effects of panaxydol and panaxynol on enzyme activities might contribute to their biological activities.