• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.381-388
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• 1991

정상 BALB/c 마우스의 복강에서 분리한 대식세포를 조제 림포카인 및 재조합 림포카인 (rGM-CSF, rIL-2, rIL-4, $rIFN-{\gamma}$)으로 18 시간 반응시켜 활성화시키고 대식세포 $1{\times}10^5$ 개와 $methyl-[^3H]-thymidine$으로 표지된 질트리코모나스 $1{\times}10^4$ 개를 10:1 비율로 넣고 18 시간 동안 $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO^2$ 항온항습기에서 반응시킨 다음 상청액 $100{\;}{\mu}l$씩을 scintillation cocktail 2ml에 넣어 방사능을 측정하여 세포독성을 관찰하고 nitrite 생산량을 측정하였다. rIL-2 40U/m1나 $rIFN-{\gamma}$ 100U/ml로 활성화시킨 대식세포는 대조군 보다 높은 세포독성을 보였으나 2개의 림포카인을 촌합시켰을때 낮은 세포독성을 보였다. rIL-4를 rGM-CSF, rIL-2 및 $rIFN-{\gamma}$와 각각 혼합시켰을 때 각 림포카인에 의한 대식세포의 세포독성은 감소되었다. 조제 림포 카인에서 IL-2에 대한 항체는 세포독성을 현저히 감소시켰다. Nitrite 생산량은 $rIFN-{\gamma}$ 및 rIL-4 각각으로 대식세포를 활성화시켰을 때 세포독성 정도와 비례되었고, rIL-2와 $rIFN-{\gamma}$을 혼합 시켰을 때 nitrite 생산량이 높고 증식이 억제되었으나 세포독성은 낮았다. 이러한 결과로 보아 rIL-2 및 $rIFN-{\gamma}$는 각각 단독으로도 대식세포를 활성화시켜 질트리모나스에 세포독성을 나타내며 rIL-4 는 세포독성을 억제시키는 것으로 생각되며, nitrite 생산량은 세포독성과 반드시 비례하지 않으나 nitric oxide가 질트리코모나스의 증식을 억제하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 1994

비유중기, 건유초기 및 임신말기의 C3H/HeN 마우스의 비장, 장간막림프절, 말초림프절(액와, 상완 및 샅림프절)유래 림프구에서 생산되는 lymphokine의 양을 비교하였다. 비장에서의 IL-2 생산양은 임신말기와 비유중기에 낮았지만, IL-4, IL-6와 $IFN_{\gamma}$의 생산양은 임신말기와 건유초기에 높았다. 말초림프절에서의 IL-4, IL-6 및 $IFN_{\gamma}$ 생산양은 임신말기와 건유초기에 높았지만, IL-2의 생산양은 임신말기, 비유중기 및 건유초기에 각각 감소하였다. 장간막림프절에서의 IL-4 생산양은 임신말기와 비유중기에 각각 증가하였으나, IL-2의 생산양은 임신말기에 감소하였다. 이와같이 전반적으로 건유초기와 임신말기에 IL-2의 생산양은 낮지만, IL-4, IL-6와 $IFN_{\gamma}$의 생산양이 높은 결과는 이 시기에 유방염의 발생비율이 높은 것과 연관성이 있는 것으로 추정된다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2004

Objective : The present experiments were designed to study on the immune-enhancing effect of Mountain grown ginseng, Mountain cultivated ginseng, and Panax ginseng Method : In order to compare the immune-enhancing effect of moutain grown ginseng, moutain cultivated ginseng and Panax ginseng, the study was done through the forced swimming test (FST), measurement of T helper Th1, Th2 cytokines and fatigue related factors. Result : Moutain grown ginseng and panax ginseng decreased the immobility time in the FST compared to the control. Glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Total-protein (T-protein) in serum were investigated. The serum achieved from ginseng administered mouse showed higher BUN, T-protein than the control. moutain grown ginseng administered group showed lower LDH than the control group. moutain grown ginseng administered mouse showed higher glucose than the control. Creatinine was same in either experimental or control group. Ginseng-induced cytokine production in human T-cell line, MOLT-4 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages were compared. Moutain cultivated ginseng (10-4 dilution) and panax ginseng (10-3 dilution) were increased the interferon $IFN-{\gamma}$ production compared with media control (about 1.6-fold P<0.05) at 48 h. Moutain grown ginseng (10-4 dilution) was increased the $IFN-{\gamma}$ and interleukin IL-4 production compared with media control (about l.4-fold for $IFN-{\gamma}$ and 1.6-fold for IL-4 P<0.05) at 48 h. Moutain grown ginseng (10-3 dilution) and moutain cultivated ginseng (10-4 dilution) were increased the turmor necrosis factor $TNF-{\alpha}$ production compared with $rIFN-{\gamma}$ treated cells (about 1.9-fold for $TNF-{\alpha}$ P<0.05), respectively. Moutain cultivated ginseng (10-3 dilution) was increased the IL-12 production compared with $rIFN-{\gamma}$ treated cell (about 1.7-fold for IL-12 P<0.05). Conclusion : These data suggest that three different three kinds of ginseng act on immune responses in different aspects.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2002

Falun Gong (FG) is an advanced system of cultivation and practice, which is beneficial for both mind and body. In this study we investigated the effects of FG on the production of cytokines in FG practitioner (FGP). To study whether plasma cytokines levels were affected by FG, their levels were analyzed. The amount of $interferon-{\gamma}$ $(IFN-{\gamma})$, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-6 (2.5-fold for $IFN-{\gamma}$, 1.2-fold for IL-2, 2.1-fold for IL-4 and 2.5-fold for IL-6, respectively) were significantly higher in the FGP group than normal group (P<0.05). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from normal healthy control and FGP were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide. The amount of $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6 in culture supernatant was quantified. However, there were no significant differences in the level of the same cytokines between the normal and FGP group. These data suggest that FG cultivation may contribute to immune-enhancement in vivo.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2012

HaCaT cells are the immortalized human keratinocytes and have been extensively used to study the epidermal homeostasis and its pathophysiology. T helper cells play a role in various chronic dermatological conditions and they can affect skin barrier homeostasis. To evaluate whether HaCaT cells can be used as a model cell system to study abnormal skin barrier development in various dermatologic diseases, we analyzed the gene expression profile of epidermal differentiation markers of HaCaT cells in response to major T helper (Th) cell cytokines, such as $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4, IL-17A and IL-22. The gene transcriptional profile of cornified envelope-associated proteins, such as filaggrin, loricrin, involucrin and keratin 10 (KRT10), in HaCaT cells was generally different from that in normal human keratinocytes (NHKs). This suggests that HaCaT cells have a limitation as a model system to study the pathophysiological mechanism associated with the Th cell cytokine-dependent changes in cornified envelope-associated proteins which are essential for normal skin barrier development. In contrast, the gene transcription profile change of human ${\beta}2$-defensin (HBD2) in response to $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4 or IL-17A in HaCaT cells was consistent with the expression pattern of NHKs. $IFN{\gamma}$ also up-regulated transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) gene transcription in both HaCaT cells and NHKs. As an alternative cell culture system for NHKs, HaCaT cells can be used to study molecular mechanisms associated with abnormal HBD2 and TGM2 expression in response to $IFN{\gamma}$, IL-4 or IL-17A.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.201-215
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• 2000

1. 연구배경 및 목적 사상의학(四象醫學)에서 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯)은 태음인(太陰人)의 뇌경색증 급성기에 매우 빈번하게 사용되는 처방 중 하나이다. 그래서 저자는 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯) 투여에 따른 뇌경색증 환자의 면역계 특히 세포활성문질만계의 변화에 대해 연구하기로 하였다. 2. 방법 원광대학교 광주한방병원 사상의학과에 입원한 뇌경색증 한자 8인(남자 3명, 여자 5명)을 대상으로 하여, 내원 당시와 2-4주간의 열다한소탕 투여 후의 세포활설물질망계의 변화를 추적하였다. 또한 정상태음인의 말초혈액단핵구를 채취하여 리포다당체 처리시의 변화를 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯) 전처리 유무에 따라 비교 분석하였다. 3. 결과 IL-2 혈장 농도는 정상 대조군보다 환자군에서 더 낮았다. $IFN-{\gamma}$의 경우 역시 정상 대조군보다 약간 낮았으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. IL-4, IL-6, IgE의 혈장중 수준은 정상 대조군에 비해 환자군에서 현저히 상승되어 있었다. 그러나, 2-4주간의 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯) 투여후 $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2의 혈장 중 수준은 현저히 상승되었고, IL-4, IL-6, Ig E 수준은 현저히 억제되었다. 한편 정상 태음인의 말초혈액단핵구에 리포다당체 처리를 한 후 $IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-2, IL-6가 상승되었으나, 열다한소탕(熱多寒少湯) 전처리를 한 경우에서는 이들 물질의 생성이 유의하게 억제되었다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2005

In order to investigate the immunomodulational effects of Lonicerae Caulis et Folium, the author measured cytokines production(IL-10, IL-12(P35), IL12(P40), $IFN-{\gamma}$) in mice splenocytes. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The water extract of Lonicerae Caulis et Folium significantly enhanced the gene expression of IL-12(P35), IL-12(P40), but reduced the gene expression of IL-10, $IFN-{\gamma}$. 2. In water fraction and ethyl acetate fraction, the gene expression of IL-12(P35), $IFN-{\gamma}$ was significantly increased and that of IL-12(P40), IL-10 was decreased. The above results demonstrate that Lonicerae Caulis et Folium has enhancing immune activity by upregulation of these cytokines. Therefore, if we make the relationship between these cytokines(IL-10, IL-12, $IFN-{\gamma}$) besides IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-8, $TGF-{\beta}$ and so on which concerned the immunopotentiation, the immunopotentiational mechanism of Lonicerae Caulis et Folium will be shown clearly.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.5025-5030
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• 2015

Immunoregulatory cytokines have an influence on hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection outcome. This study aimed to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in IFN- ${\gamma}$ and IL-10 genes are associated with susceptibility and/or are markers of prognosis regarding chronic hepatitis C outcomes. IFN ${\gamma}$ (+874T/A) and IL-10 (-1082G/A) genotypes were determined in 75 HCV genotype 4 patients with different disease severities (chronic hepatitis, n=25, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on top of liver cirrhosis, n=50) and 25 healthy participants using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. No statistical differences in allele or genotype distributions of IFN ${\gamma}$ and IL-10 genes were detected between patients and controls or between patientgroups. No significant difference in the frequency of IL-10 SNP at position -1082 or IFN-${\gamma}$ at position +874T/A was found between chronic HCV genotype 4 and with progression of disease severity in liver cirrhosis or HCC. In conclusion; interferon-${\gamma}$ and interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms are not predictors of disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (Genotype-4).

• 약학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2010

Stems and roots of Acanthopanax koreanum Nakai were extracted with water and treated on immune cells in order to determine their immunomodulatory activites. Various Th-1 type cytokines were measured using ELISA including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, interferon-gamma (IFN-$gamma$), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) secreted by dendritic cells, T-cells, intestinal epithelial cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. As a result, there was a significant increase in IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$, secretion, but there was no change in the secretion of TNF-$alpha$. Additionally T-cells slightly increased the secretion of IL-2, but there was a significant increase of IL-2 in intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, our results suggest that A. koreanum Nakai may act as an immunomodulator by stimulating the cell-mediated immunity which can help the immune system defend against infections or cancer cells.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2008

Background & Objectives : Rhinitis is an inflammation of nasal mucosa. The major symtoms are watery rhinorrhea, sneezing, itchy nose, and nasal obstruction. Allergic rhinitis is an immune reaction by allergen. So, we aimed to determine therapeutic effects of Acorus gramineus by observing changes in IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and the nasal mucosal tissue. Materials and Methods : Fifteen BALC/c mice were divided into three groups : m group(which ate low concentrated herbal medicine ), M group(which ate high concentrated herbal medicine) and control group. Control and experimental group were induced allergic rhinitis by Ovalbumin as the method of Levin and Vaz. Experimental group was orally administered the Acorus gramineus extract for 28days. We observed changes in IL-4, $IFN-{\gamma}$ and trans aminase(AST, ALT) in blood and nasal mucosa and submucosa. Results : There were no significant changes statistically in IL-4 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ in blood(p<0.05). And there were no hepatotoxicity with Acorus gramineus extract. Histologically, almost no inflammatory response in treatment group(m,M) against that there were inflammatory response(increased goblet cells, dilated vessels, edema of bowman's glands and injured olfactory hairs) in control group. Conclusion : According to above results, it is supposed that Acorus gramineus has no immunological effects on allergic rhinitis.