• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2004

Arabinoxylane과 PSP는 농도 의존적으로 비장세포의 증식과 IFN-${\gamma}$ 생산을 유도하였으며 특히, PSP는 IL-2, IL-4, IL-10의 생산도 유도하였다. 그리고, 항체생산 세포수를 나타내는 PFC은 11∼14%, 활성화된 T세포수를 나타내는 RFC은 9∼30% 증가하였다. Arabinoxylane은 T세포의 증식을 유도하지 못하였지만, PSP는 높은 농도에서 T세포의 증식반응을 유도하였다 Arabinofylane과 PSP는 비장세포에서 분리한 B세포의 증식을 유도하였고, 대식세포의 탐식능은약 20∼22%정도 증가하였다. 그리고, 농도 의존적으로 대식세포의 일산화질소 생산을 유도하였으며, TNF-$\alpha$와 IL-6의 생산을 현저하게 유도하였다. 특히, PSP는IL-1$\beta$의 생산도 유도하였다. 또한, 대식세포 표면의 주조직적합 복합체II(MHC Class II)의 발현을 유도하였다. 이상의 결과로 arabinoxylane과 PSP는 면역반응에 관여하는 T세포, B세포 그리고 대식 세포의 다양한 활성을 유도하는 효과가 있는 것으로 생각되어 면역기능을 강화하는 소재와, 노약자나 회복기 환자 등을 위한 특수 식이용 소재로서 사용이 가능한 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.590-598
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effect of Mahaenggamseok-tang-gagambang (MGTG) on airway hyper- responsiveness (AHR), immune cells, cytokines and lung tissue in OVA-induced asthmatic mice. C578L/6 mice were injected, inhaled and sprayed with OVA for 12 weeks (3times a week) for asthma sensitization and challenge. Two experimental groups were treated with different concentrations of MGTG (400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) extract and cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg) for the later 8 weeks. Enhanced pause (Penh) levels were measured by whole body plethysmography. Immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometer in peripheral blood monocyte cell (PBMC) and lung cells. The IL-1b, IL-12, IFN-${\gamma}$, OVA-lgE, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-${\alpha}$ were analyzed by ELISA kit in serum and splenocyte+a-cCDS/a-CD28. Enhanced pause (Penh) levels of the MGTG groups (400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) were decreased significantly compared with that of control group. The numbers of MGTG groups (400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) on lung total cells were decreased significantly compared with that of control group. The numbers of MGTG groups (400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) on $CD3^+/CD69^+$, $B220^+/CD22^+$, $B220^+/CD23^+$, $B220^+/lgE^+$, $CCR3^+$ cells were decreased significantly compared with that of control group. The number of MGTG group (400 mg/kg) on $CD3^+/CD49b^+$ cells was decreased significantly compared with that of control group. The level of MGTG groups (400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) on IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, TNF-${\alpha}$, OVA-lgE were decreased significantly compared with that of control group. The level of MGTG group (400 mg/kg) on IL-1b, IL-1S, OVA-lgE were decreased significantly compared with that of control group. These results demonstrate that MGTG could be a desirable alternative therapy for allergic asthma by inhibiting the expression of immune cells, the activation of inflammatory mediator.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.119-135
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the Asthma-suppressive and Immune-regulatory effect of AF-HA(Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture) at Joksamni(St36) in OVA(ovalbumin) induced asthma mouse model. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA(ovalbumin) for 12 weeks(once a week). The mice in the OVA-AF-HA group were treated with AF-HA at St36 for the later 8weeks(3times/week). The mice in the OVA-Needle-prick group were treated with single prick with an injection needle at St36 for the later 8 weeks(3times/week). Results : 1. The lung weight and the total cells in lung of the mice treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in BALF of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased remarkably compared with those of the OVA-control group. 3. The collagen accumulation in lung of OVA-AF-HA group decreased significantly compared with that of the OVA-control group, 4. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IgE in BALF, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 5. The numbers of $Gr-1^+/CD11b^+\;and\;CD11b^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 6. The numbers of $CCR3^+,\;CD4^+,\;CD8^+\;and \;CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at 5136 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. 7. The mRNA expressions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL13 in lung of the mice group treated with AF-HA at St36 decreased significantly compared with those of the OVA-control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Aristolochiae Fructus Herbal-acupuncture at Joksamni(St36) may be an effictive therapeutic method to treat asthma.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.32-50
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was carried out to investigated the effects of Saenghyeolbosu-Tang on the morphometric changes of femur, and on the hormones and cytokines associated with bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. Methods : Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham operated group(normal), ovariectomized group(control), and treated with extract of Saenghyeolbosu-Tang group(treated). Each group was evaluated the changes of body weight at 0, 3, 6, 8, weeks after ovariectomy. Morphometric analysis(femur weight, femur/body weight, femur ash weight, femur ash/body weight, cross sectional area of compact bone and cancellous bone of femur) and histopathological examination were performed at 8 weeks after ovariectomy. Estrogen and cytokines($TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6) assay were performed at 8 weeks after ovariectomy. Results : 1. The femur weight(g) of treated group(1.59${\pm}$0.08) was significantly increased(p<0.05)compared with the control group(1.50${\pm}$0.07) at 8 weeks. 2. The femur/body weight(g) of treated group(5.27${\pm}$0.36) was significantly increased(p<0.05) compared with the control group(4.78${\pm}$0.37) at 8 weeks. 3. In the cross sectional area of cancellous bone of femur(${mm^2}$) the treated group(1.60${\pm}$0.20)was significantly increased(p<0.01) compared with the control group(1.19${\pm}$0.19) at 8 weeks. 4. The serum estrogen level(pg/ml) of treated(83.67${\pm}$27.44) and control group(800.49${\pm}$22.27)showed no significantly different changes at 8 weeks. 5. The serum $TNF-{\alpha}$ level(pg/ml) of treated(33.71${\pm}$6.43) and control group(41.35${\pm}$8.47) showed no significantly different changes at 8 weeks. 6. The serum $IL-1{\beta}$ level(pg/ml) of treated group(53.78${\pm}$10.83) was significantly decreased(p<0.001) compared with the control group(79.80${\pm}$11.40) at 8 weeks. 7. The serum IL-6 level(pg/ml) of treated group(55.52${\pm}$9.02) was significantly decreased(p<0.01) compared with the control group(69.69${\pm}$7.95) at 8 weeks. Conclusion : This study shows that Saenghyeolbosu-Tang inhibits bone resolution in ovariectomized rats. These results may be related to the inhibitory effect of Saenghyeolbosu-Tang on the secretion of $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in the Pathogenesis of　osteoporosis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1259-1265
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 일회성 유산소 운동이 TLR4, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, SOCS-3 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향을 쥐의 골격근에서 살펴보는데 있었다. 또한 이러한 일회성 운동의 영향이 근섬유 형태 특이적으로 나타나는 지에 대한 연구도 수행되었다. 실험은 Balb/c 수컷 쥐(male: 7주령, 몸무게 $22.78{\pm}0.27g$) 13마리 대상으로 하였으며, 대조군과 운동군으로 무선배정되었다. 운동은 일회성으로 지칠 때까지 트레드밀 운동(경사도 $10^{\circ}$, speed 17 cm/sec 10 min, 33 cm/sec 10 min, 50 cm/sec)을 실시하였으며, 운동 후 24시간이 지난 시점에서 가자미근과 족저근을 적출하였다. 가자미근과 족저근의 TLR4, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, SOCS-3 mRNA 수준 변화는 real-time PCR을 이용하여 측정하였다. 일회성 유산소 트레드밀 운동은 가자미근에서 TLR4 mRNA 발현을 유의하게 증가시켰지만, 족저근의 TLR4 mRNA 발현에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 또한 IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, SOCS-3 mRNA 발현은 가자미근에서 일회성트레드밀 운동에 의해 유의하게 증가되었다. 하지만 족저근에서 이들 유전자의 mRNA 발현은 일회성 운동에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. 결론적으로 TLR4, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, SOCS-3와 같은 면역관련 유전자의 발현 수준은 일회성트레드밀 운동에 의해 근섬유 형태 특이적으로 조절됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2014

In this paper, we show that for any ${\sigma}$-complete Boolean subalgebra $\mathcal{M}$ of $\mathcal{R}(X)$ containing $Z(X)^{\sharp}$, the Stone-space $S(\mathcal{M})$ of $\mathcal{M}$ is a basically diconnected cover of ${\beta}X$ and that the subspace {${\alpha}{\mid}{\alpha}$ is a fixed $\mathcal{M}$-ultrafilter} of the Stone-space $S(\mathcal{M})$ is the the minimal basically disconnected cover of X if and only if it is a basically disconnected space and $\mathcal{M}{\subseteq}\{\Lambda_X(A){\mid}A{\in}Z({\Lambda}X)^{\sharp}\}$.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2017

In this paper, we expand the process of classification to an ensemble of fuzzy decision tree. For indoor space recognition, many research use Boosted Tree, consists of Adaboost and decision tree. The Boosted Tree extracts an optimal decision tree in stages. On each stage, Boosted Tree extracts the good decision tree by minimizing the weighted error of classification. This decision tree performs a hard decision. In most case, hard decision offer some error when they classify nearby a dividing point. Therefore, We suggest an ensemble of fuzzy decision tree, which offer some flexibility to the Boosted Tree algorithm as well as a high performance. In experimental results, we evaluate that the accuracy of suggested methods improved about 13% than the traditional one.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

The optimal gain design method of a three-phase boost converter is proposed in this study. The control system has a two-loop configuration, in which each controller is coupled closely; thus, the optimal design is difficult to achieve using conventional gain-tuning method. The proposed method is adopted to the MATLAB SISO TOOL software and is based on the controller requirements, which are phase margin and cut-off frequency of the open-loop system. The optimal proportional -integral gains can be designed easily using the proposed interactive method of the SISO TOOL. The performance of the proposed system is verified through simulation and experiments.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.639-646
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• 2015

We propose simultaneous tests for mean and variance under the normality assumption. After formulating the null hypothesis and its alternative, we construct test statistics based on the individual p-values for the partial tests with combining functions and derive the null distributions for the combining functions. We then illustrate our procedure with industrial data and compare the efficiency among the combining functions with individual partial ones by obtaining empirical powers through a simulation study. A discussion then follows on the intersection-union test with a combining function and simultaneous confidence region as a simultaneous inference; in addition, we discuss weighted functions and applications to the statistical quality control. Finally we comment on nonparametric simultaneous tests.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.64-72
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• 1998

This paper was undertaken to develop the fracture toughness testing method using small and single specimen compared to the conventional method in evaluating elastic-plastic fracture toughness of the superconducting magnet structural material at cryogenic temperature. The elastic-plastic fracture toughness test was conducted by using the unloading compliance method recommended by ASTM E813-89 to accomplish the above purpose. And, the 20% side-grooved 0.5TCT and 1TCT specimens were used to evaluate the fracture toughness by using as possible as miniaturized CT specimen. The unloading compliance method was a very useful method in evaluating elastic-plastic fracture toughness at cryogenic temperature. It could be taken valid fracture toughness values by using 20% side-grooved 0.5TCT specimen recommended by ASTM E813-89.