• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.439-446
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• 2021

A field-scale study was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic matter amendments on the solubility of arsenic (As) in paddy soil and uptake by rice. Six organic matter (rice bran, rice straw, pig/cattle/fowls manure compost and swine liquid manure) were added to two polluted soils with high As (53 mg kg^-1) and low As concentration (28 mg kg^-1), and changes in soil solution constituents was monitored. The mean As concentrations in soil solution from the high As soil with rice bran, pig manure compost and swine liquid manure addition were significantly higher (0.61-1.15 mg L^-1) than that of the control (0.42-0.66 mg L^-1). Regression between As and Fe in soil solution indicated that As was attributable to reductive dissolution of Fe (hydr)oxides and it was driven by organic matter addition. Mean As concentrations in brown rice from the high As soil were 0.35-0.46 mg kg^-1, above the maximum safety level of inorganic As (0.35 mg kg^-1), and tended to be higher in organic matter amended soils than that of the control. The significant correlation between grain As and soil solution As was not observed and it was probably attributable to As tolerance of rice causing the reduction of As uptake and/or translocation to grain. However, considering the significant As release in soil solution from the high As soil and the tendency of grain As elevation after organic matter addition, it is needed to be cautious for food safety when amending organic matter to paddy soil with high As concentration.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_1
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• pp.1631-1645
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• 2021

This research aims to provide the characteristics of the world's first active lidar sensor Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument (ALADIN) wind data and Geostationary Korea Multi Purpose Satellite 2A (GK2A) Atmospheric Motion Vector (AMV) data by comparing two wind data. As a result of comparing the data from September 2019 to August 1, 2020, The total number of collocated data for the AMV (using IR channel) and Mie channel ALADIN data is 177,681 which gives the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 3.73 m/s and the correlation coefficient is 0.98. For a more detailed analysis, Comparison result considering altitude and latitude, the Normalized Root Mean Squared Error (NRMSE) is 0.2-0.3 at most latitude bands. However, the upper and middle layers in the lower latitudes and the lower layer in the southern hemispheric are larger than 0.4 at specific latitudes. These results are the same for the water vapor channel and the visible channel regardless of the season, and the channel-specific and seasonal characteristics do not appear prominently. Furthermore, as a result of analyzing the distribution of clouds in the latitude band with a large difference between the two wind data, Cirrus or cumulus clouds, which can lower the accuracy of height assignment of AMV, are distributed more than at other latitude bands. Accordingly, it is suggested that ALADIN wind data in the southern hemisphere and low latitude band, where the error of the AMV is large, can have a positive effect on the numerical forecast model.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.50
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• pp.395-424
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to examine the current situation and background of the Russian consumer music market, where digital music sources are making great strides in the noted recent years. In addition, music storage technology, media and change are considered together in this report. Moreover, Russia is the 12th largest music market in the world. The Russian music industry is following the recent trend of the global music industry, where the digital music market is growing rapidly on many different levels. The explosive growth of the digital sound sources in Russia's music industry is attributed to the explosive increase in available consumer downloads, streaming sound source service, and the increase in the number of digital sound sources using mobile technologies due to the development of the Internet. In particular, the sales of the available and accessible streaming sound sources are expected to grow explosively by the year 2020, which is expected to account for more than 85% of total digital music sales. In other words, the spread of smartphones and the resulting changes in the lifestyle of the Russians have created these changes for the global consumer of music. In other words, the time has come for anyone to easily access music and listen to music without a separate audio or digital player. And the fact that the Russian government's strong policy on the eradication of illegal copying of music is becoming an effective deterrent, as is also the factor that led to the increase of the share of the digital sound source to increase sales in Russia. Today, the Russian music industry is leading this change through the age and process of simply adapting to the digital age. Music is the most important element of cultural assets, and it is the beneficial content, which drives the overall growth of the digital economy. In addition, if the following five improvements(First, strengthen the consciousness of the Russian people about copyright protection; Second, utilizing the Big Data Internet resources in the digital music industry; Third, to improve the monopoly situation of digital music distributors; Fourth, distribution of fair music revenues; and Fifth, revitalization of a re-investment in the current Russian music industry) are effective and productive, Russia's role and position in the world music market is likely to expand.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2010

'Hanseol' is a new very early-maturing, cold tolerant and high quality japonica rice variety developed from a cross of 'Jinbu24' and 'Jinbu25' by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2009. The heading date of this variety is July 25, which is four days earlier than check variety, 'Jinbubyeo'. 'Hanseol' has 65 cm of culm length, 99 spikelets per panicle, 82.9% of ripened grain rate, and 21.5 g of 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice. This variety shows susceptibility to bacterial leaf blight and virus diseases, and insect pests. It is tolerant to cold stress in terms of less heading delay and high fertility in cold water irrigated cultivation. This variety shows delayed leaf senescence and considerable tolerance to viviparous germination at ripening stage. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium-short grain. 'Hanseol' showed low gelatinization temperature and 6.1% protein content, 19.1% amylose content and good palatability of cooked rice. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.43 MT/ha at ordinary culture in local adaptability test for three years. 'Hanseol' would be highly adaptable to mid-north and mid-mountainous areas, and mid-northern alpine area in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.261-272
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the difference in the quality of chicken thigh meat from conventional and animal welfare farms during refrigeration storage over 9 days. Chicken thigh meat from conventional (CTC, n = 30) and animal welfare farms (CTW, n = 30) was tested. The pH value was significantly lower in CTW (6.28) than in CTC (6.37) on day 1; however, no significant differences were found on subsequent days. The yellowness of CTW was higher than that of CTC on day 1, but CTW showed lower yellowness than did CTC on day 7 and 9. The cooking loss, water holding capacity, lightness, redness, and coliform levels of CTC did not show any significant difference when compared with CTW during storage. The shear force of CTW was significantly higher than that of CTC on day 1, 3, 7, and 9. Total microorganism and coliform in CTC and CTW increased with increasing storage days. On day 7 and 9, the total microorganism level of CTW was lower than that of CTC. The thiobarbituric acid value of CTW was lower than that of CTC on day 9. The volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) of CTW was lower than that of CTC during storage. Anserine content and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH) scavenging activity of CTW was significantly higher than CTC on day 1. These results suggest that CTW stayed fresher for longer than did CTC because of low total microorganism level on day 7 and 9, and VBN during refrigerated storage.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.101-109
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• 2018

Objectives According to previous studies, the Chromogranin B (CHGB) gene could be an important candidate gene for schizophrenia which is located on chromosome 20p12.3. Some studies have linked the polymorphism in CHGB gene with the risk of schizophrenia. Meanwhile, smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormality has been regarded as one of the most consistent endophenotype of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the association between the polymorphisms in CHGB gene and SPEM abnormality in Korean patients with schizophrenia. Methods We measured SPEM function in 24 Korean patients with schizophrenia (16 male, 8 female) and they were divided according to SPEM function into two groups, good and poor SPEM function groups. We also investigated genotypes of polymorphisms in CHGB gene in each group. A logistic regression analysis was performed to find the association between SPEM abnormality and the number of polymorphism. Results The natural logarithm value of signal/noise ratio (Ln S/N ratio) of good SPEM function group was $4.19{\pm}0.19$ and that of poor SPEM function group was $3.17{\pm}0.65$. In total, 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms of CHGB were identified and the genotypes were divided into C/C, C/R, and R/R. Statistical analysis revealed that two genetic variants (rs16991480, rs76791154) were associated with SPEM abnormality in schizophrenia (p = 0.004). Conclusions Despite the limitations including a small number of samples and lack of functional study, our results suggest that genetic variants of CHGB may be associated with SPEM abnormality and provide useful preliminary information for further study.nwhile, smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) abnormality has been regarded as one of the most consistent endophenotype of schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated the association between the polymorphisms in CHGB gene and SPEM abnormality in Korean patients with schizophrenia. MethodsZZWe measured SPEM function in 24 Korean patients with schizophrenia (16 male, 8 female) and they were divided according to SPEM function into two groups, good and poor SPEM function groups. We also investigated genotypes of polymorphisms in CHGB gene in each group. A logistic regression analysis was performed to find the association between SPEM abnormality and the number of polymorphism. ResultsZZThe natural logarithm value of signal/noise ratio (Ln S/N ratio) of good SPEM function group was $4.19{\pm}0.19$ and that of poor SPEM function group was $3.17{\pm}0.65$. In total, 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms of CHGB were identified and the genotypes were divided into C/C, C/R, and R/R. Statistical analysis revealed that two genetic variants (rs16991480, rs76791154) were associated with SPEM abnormality in schizophrenia (p = 0.004). ConclusionsZZDespite the limitations including a small number of samples and lack of functional study, our results suggest that genetic variants of CHGB may be associated with SPEM abnormality and provide useful preliminary information for further study.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2019

Although the technology for the observation of solar radiation is rapidly developing worldwide, in Korea the guidelines for comparing observations of solar radiation are only now under preparation. In this study, a procedure for intercomparison observations of solar radiation was established which accounts for meteorological and geographical conditions. The intercomparisons among observations by national reference pyranometers were carried out at the Asia Regional Radiation Center, Japan, in 2017. Recently, the result of the calibration of the reference pyranometer of the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) has been reported. Using the KMA pyranometer as a reference, comparisons between observations and calibrations were carried out for the standard (B to J) pyranometers of the KMA, and for the reference (A) and the standard pyranometers of the Gangneung-Wonju National University. The intercomparisons were carried out between October 24 and October 25, 2018. The sensitivity constants were adjusted according to the results of the data analysis performed on October 24. On October 25, a post-comparison observation was also performed, and the data of the participating pyranometers were verified. The sensitivity constants were calculated using only data corresponding to a solar radiation of $450.0W\;m^{-2}$ or higher. The B and I pyranometers exhibited a small error (${\pm}0.50W\;m^{-2}$), and the applied sensitivity constants were in the range $0.08-0.16{\mu}V(W\;m^{-2})^{-1}$. For the C pyranometer, the adjustment of the sensitivity constant was the largest, i.e., $-0.16{\mu}V(W\;m^{-2})^{-1}$. As a result, the nine candidate pyranometers could be calibrated with an average error of $0.06W\;m^{-2}$ (0.08%) with respect to the KMA reference, which falls within the allowed tolerance of ${\pm}1.00%$ (or ${\pm}4.50W\;m^{-2}$).

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2019

Purpose: The present study aims to assess the level of coherency and the accuracy of Point dose of the Isocenter of VERO, a linear accelerator developed for the purpose of the Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy(SBRT). Materials and Method: The study was conducted randomly with 10 treatment plans among SBRT patients in Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, using VERO, a linear accelerator between June and December, 2018. In order to assess the equipment's power stability level, we measured the output constancy by using PTW-LinaCheck, an output detector. We also attempted to measure the level of accuracy of the equipment's Laser, kV(Kilo Voltage) imaging System, and MV(Mega Voltage) Beam by using Tofu Phantom(BrainLab, Germany) to assess the accuracy level of geometrical Isocenter. We conducted a comparative analysis to assess the accuracy level of the dose by using an acrylic Phantom($30{\times}30{\times}20cm$), a calibrated ion chamber CC-01(IBA Dosimetry), and an Electrometer(IBA, Dosimetry). Results: The output uniformity of VERO was calculated to be 0.66 %. As for geometrical Isocenter accuracy, we analyzed the error values of ball Isocenter of inner Phantom, and the results showed a maximum of 0.4 mm, a minimum of 0.0 mm, and an average of 0.28 mm on X-axis, and a maximum of -0.4 mm, a minimum of 0.0 mm, and an average of -0.24 mm on Y-axis. A comparison and evaluation of the treatment plan dose with the actual measured dose resulted in a maximum of 0.97 % and a minimum of 0.08 %. Conclusion: The equipment's average output dose was calculated to be 0.66 %, meeting the ${\pm}3%$ tolerance, which was considered as a much uniform fashion. As for the accuracy assessment of the geometric Isocenter, the results met the recommended criteria of ${\pm}1mm$ tolerance, affirming a high level of reproducibility of the patient's posture. The difference between the treatment plan dose and the actual measurement dose was calculated to be 0.52 % on average, significantly less than the 3 % tolerance, confirming that it obtained predicted does. The current study suggested that VERO equipment is suitable for SBRT, and would result in notable therapeutic effect.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.161-171
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• 2019

Four-week-old male Korean native chicks (KNC) were assigned to 3 groups with 6 replicates (8 birds/replicate) in each group: a basal diet (CON, 100 ppm of Zn), basal diet fortified with 50 ppm of Zn with zinc oxide (ZnO), or basal diet fortified with 50 ppm of Zn with Zn-methionine (ZnM). Immediately after a 4-week-feeding trial, 6 birds per group were used to evaluate the effects of zinc supplements on antioxidant indicators and the mRNA expression of zinc transport genes. The nitrogen components, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant status in blood were not influenced by Zn fortified diets. However, the ZnM group showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in uric acid levels than those in the ZnO group. In the small intestine, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were unaffected by zinc supplements. The activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) was significantly (P<0.05) enhanced by Zn-methionine supplementation. In the liver, the activity of GST was significantly (P<0.05) increased by Zn-methionine supplement without affecting SOD, GPX, and MDA levels. With respect to the mRNA expression of zinc transport genes, the ZnM group displayed a strong tendency for increases in intestinal ZnT-1 (P=0.09) and ZnT-5 (P=0.06) levels, compared to those in the CON group. Moreover, the ZnM group showed a tendency (P=0.10) for up-regulation of hepatic metallothionein mRNA as compared with the CON group. In conclusion, the Zn-fortified diet with 50 ppm of Zn-methionine helped to improve GST activity and Zn transport gene expression in the small intestine or liver of KNC.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to verify the drying characteristics of steamed sweet potato and to establish optimal drying conditions for far-infrared drying of steamed sweet potato. 4 kg of steamed sweet potato was sliced to thicknesses of 8 and 10 mm, and dried by a far-infrared dryer until a final moisture content of $25{\pm}0.5%$. The far-infrared dryer conditions were an air velocity of 0.6, 0.8 m/s and drying temperature of 60, 70, and $80^{\circ}C$. The results can be summarized as follows. The drying time tended to be reduced as temperature and air velocity for drying increased. The Lewis and Modified Wang and Singh models were found to be suitable for drying of steamed sweet potato by a far-infrared dryer. The color difference was 35.09 on the following conditions: Thickness of 8 mm, temperature of $80^{\circ}C$, and air velocity of 0.8 m/s. The highest sugar content ($59.11^{\circ}Brix$) was observed on the conditions of a thickness of 8 mm, temperature of 80, and air velocity of 0.8 m/s. Energy consumption decreased on the conditions of higher temperature, slower air velocity, and thinner steamed sweet potato.