• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), a member of the Asteraceae family, is a well-known for medicinal plant and can be found in India and Europe. Chamomile is an effective sedative and various medical effects. But, the effects of acne treatment by chamomile were not investigated. Therefore, we assessed the anti-oxidant effects, anti-microbial activity and anti-inflammatory effects by chamomile extracts in HaCaT keratinocyte cells. Anti-oxidant effects of chamomile extracts were investigated by DPPH assay. Also, results of MTT assay was demonstrated that chamomile extracts did not have a cytotoxic effect in HaCaT cells. To assess the antimicrobial activity, we determined formation of inhibition zone of Propionibacterium acnes by extracts from chamomile. Tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) induces production of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), IL-6 and IL-8 and expression of COX-2. Chamomile extracts could inhibit TNF-${\alpha}$-induced mRNA expression levels of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-8 and COX-2 gene. These results demonstrated the possibility of chamomile for prevention and treatment of skin inflammatory diseases such as acne.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.520-529
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Yukmijiwhang-tang(YM) water extracts against the UVB irradiation on the human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. We observed the effects of YM on the oxidative stress, gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine such as TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. On the effects of oxidative stress and antioxidant function on the treatment with YM, The activity of xanthine oxidase(XO) was significantly decreased by treatment of YM in all the concentrations(p<0.01). The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) was significantly increased by treatment of YM in a dose dependent manner(p<0.05 and p<0.01). DPPH radical was erased by treatment of YM under dose of $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. Treatment of HaCaT cells with YM had also significantly reduced intracellular ROS produced by UVB irradiation in a dose dependent manner(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). Gelatin zymography assay showed that YM downregulated the MMP-9 activity in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. RT-PCR analysis revealed that YM suppressed the expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ and MMP-9 however, it has no effects on the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and MMP-3. Our study suggests that Yukmijiwhang-tang exert protective actions on the UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells largely by anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory processes.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.138-148
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• 2006

This research investigated the effect of the CMT and SCMT on Alzheimer's disease. The effects of the CMT and SCMT extract on expression of proinflammatory cytokine(IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$) in the THP-1 cell; amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell lysate treated with CT105 were investigated. The CMT and SCMT extract suppressed overexpression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ in the THP-1 cell treated dy LPS; the expression of APP, AChE mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105; the AChE activity and the production of APP in PC-12 cell Iysate treated with CT105 significantly. This study suggest that CMT and SCMT may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.74-78
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• 2007

In vitro를 통한 혼합시료의 물 추출물과 에탄올 추출물을 시료로 사용하였고, 마우스 비장세포 증식능 및 활성 복강 대식세포에서 분비하는 사이토카인(IL-1 ${\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$)의 분비능을 측정하였다. 그 결과 혼합시료의 물 추출물과 에탄올 추출물 모두 5${\sim}$250 ${\mu}$g/ml의 농도로 첨가했을 때 세포증식을 촉진하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났고, 물 추출물인 경우 고농도인 1,000 ${\mu}$g/ml에서, 에탄올 추출물인 경우는 500${\sim}$1,000 ${\mu}$g/ml 이상의 고농도 첨가시 세포증식이 억제되는 효과를 보였다. 복강 대식세포의 사이토카인 분비량을 측정한 결과, 혼합 물 추출물과 에탄올 추출물 모두에서 대조군보다 높은 분비량을 보였다. IL-1${\beta}$ 생성량 검색 결과, 물 추출물 투여군 10 ${\mu}$g/ml 농도 첨가에서 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 분비능을 보여주었고, 에탄올 추출물을 10 ${\mu}$g/ml와 100 ${\mu}$g/ml 첨가시에도 대조군보다 높은 분비량을 보였다. IL-6의 결과에서도, 물 추출물 10 ${\mu}$g/ml을 첨가했을 때 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 분비량을 보였고, TNF-${\alpha}$의 경우, 물 추출물의 10 ${\mu}$g/ml와 100 ${\mu}$g/ml의 농도에서 대조군에 비해 높은 TNF-${\alpha}$ 분비능을 보였다. 이상의 결과에 따르면, 혼합 물 추출물이 비장세포 증식능과 복강 대식세포에 의한 사이토카인 분비능을 상승시킴으로서 면역 기관의 주요 기능을 증진시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2017

Objectives : Traditional medicines isolated from natural products often have positive effects in the prevention and healing of various immune disorders, such as allergy and atopic inflammation. Scrophulariae Radix (SR) been used in oriental medicine used for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Mast cells are known to play important roles in the initiation of allergic reactions. In this study, we investigated the effects of SR ethanol extract on inflammatory responses in IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 mast cells. Methods : Rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells were purchased from Korean Cell Line Bank (KCLB No. 22256). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Assays for ${\beta}-Hexosaminidase$ Secretion : RBL-2H3 cells were sensitized with dinitrophenyl-ImmunoglobulinE (DNP IgE). The next antigen DNP-BSA ($25ng/m{\ell}$) was added for 10 minutes and the reaction was terminated after 5 minutes in the ice bath. To determine ${\beta}-Hexosaminidase$ release, supernatants were aliquoted into 96-well plates. Samples were mixed with substrate solution and incubated for 1 h at $37^{\circ}C$. Absorbance was measured with a spectrophotometer at 405 nm. IL-4 and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$($TNF-{\alpha}$) concentrations in cell culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results : The cytotoxicity of SRE in RBL-2H3 cells was less than 5%. SRE inhibited DNP-IgE-imduced degranulation of mast cells in RBL-2H3 cells. Also significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokine, IL-4 and TNF-alpha. In this study, the SRE showed potential anti-allergic and antiinflammatory. Conclusions : These results indicate that SRE could be inhibit the allergic response through suppressing the mast cell activation.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2005

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Rheum palmatum(RHP) on the Alzheimer's disease. The effects of RHP extract on amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}\;and\;IL-1{\beta},\;IL-6,\;TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA of THP-1 cell treated by LPS and AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A {\beta}$and behavior of memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine and mice glucose, uric acid, AChE activity of memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. RHP extract suppressed APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta} $. 2. RHP extract suppressed $IL-1{\beta} $, IL-6 $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in THP-1 cell treated by LPS. 3. RHP extract suppressed AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. 4. HP extract increased glucose, decreased uric acid and AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit rats induced by scopolamine. 5. RHP extract group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the memory deficit of mice induced by scopolamine in the experiment of Morris water maze. According to the above results, it is suggested that RHP extract might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and memory deficit symptom.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.79-95
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was to investigate the antiarthritic effect of Hwallak-dan(Huoluo-dan) on the complete freund's adjuvant(CFA)-induced arthritis in Lewis rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of CFA into base of tail. Experimental groups divided into normal(n=10), control(n=10) and treated(n=10) group. Animals of control group received normal saline for twenty days, treated group received extracts Hwallak-dan(Huoluo-dan) for same duration, light mineral oil only injected non-arthritic rats were served as normal group. The incidence of arthritis and arthritic index were observed after treatment. Body weight, paw edema volume and thickness of ankle joint were measured at 0, 11, 14, 17, 20 days after treatment. White blood cell(WBC) counts in blood were analysed at 20 days after treatment and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$, $interleukin-1{\beta}(IL-1{\beta}$), IL-6 contents in paw exudate were analysed by ELISA at 20 days after treatment. Histopathology on the ankle joint were performed at 20 days after treatment. Results : 1. Incidence of arthritis of treated group was 60% and control group was 100% at 20 days after treatment. 2. Arthritic index of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 3. Paw edema volume and thickness of ankle joint of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 4. Total WBC of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 5. Neutrophils of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 6. $TNF-{\alpha}$ content in paw exudate of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 7. $IL-1{\beta}$ content content in paw exudate of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 8. IL-6 content content in paw exudate of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. 9. Histopathological arthritic index of treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group at 20 days after treatment. Conclusions : These results indicate that Hwallak-dan(Huoluo-dan) has inhibitory effect on the development and progression of CFA-induced arthritis in rats.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2009

Objectives : To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups; LPS control (n=6), LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at BL23 (n=6, BL23), LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at CV12 (n=6, CV12), and LPS+Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at GV4 (n=6, GV4). Pharmacopuncture was given every two days for 4 weeks followed by inflammation induction by intraperitoneal LPS injection (5mg/kg). Blood, liver tissue, and peritoneal lavage fluid were taken and proinflammatory cytokines and other related factors were analysed. Results : For proinflammatory cytokines, CV12 pharmacopuncture group was significantly different compared with the control group in plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 5 h after LPS injection (P<0.05). For plasma IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6, CV12 pharmacopuncture group also showed significant difference at 2 h compared with the control (P<0.05). GV4 pharmacopuncture group was significantly different compared with the control at 5 h in plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-$\alpha$ and at 2 h in IL-10 (P<0.05). Liver cytokines were analyzed at 5 h after LPS injection; only CV12 pharmacopuncture group showed significant difference in IL-$1{\beta}$ (P<0.05) and others including IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-10 had no difference compared with the control group. CD4/CD8 ratio and the phagocytic activities of polymorphonuclear neutrophils were not different from those of control group in all pharmacopuncture groups (P>0.05). Plasma NO3-/NO2- and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 of CV12 pharmacopuncture group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). In the plasma concentration of prostaglandin E2, all 3 pharmacopuncture groups had significantly lower values than that of the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference among pharmacopucnture groups. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and cytokine-induced neutorphil chemoattractant-1 in peritoneal lavage fluid was significantly decreased in CV12 pharmacopuncture group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions : These results indicate that Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi pharmacopuncture at CV12 may have a potent anti-inflammatory effect in an LPS-induced inflammatory rat model.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.245-257
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• 2004

This study was done to evaluate the antiallergic effects of Naenghyohwan(NHH). Cytotoxic activity for lung fibroblast cells, cytokines transcript expression of IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-${\beta}$1, IFN-${\gamma}$, production of IL-4, IL-10. IFN-${\gamma}$, IgE in anti-CD40mAb plus rIL-4 stimulated murine splenic B cells and the production of histamin released in mast cells, and the expression of histamine release factor(HRF) in splenic B cells were measurd. The following results were obtained. NHH did not showed cytotoxicity in fibroblast cells. NHH increased the gene synthesis of TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$(m-RNA). NHH decreased the gene synthesis of IL-1${\beta}$, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, TGF-${\beta}1$(m-RNA). NHH decreased the appearance of IL-4, IgE significantly. NHH increased the appearance of IL-10. IFN-${\gamma}$ significantly. NHH decreased the proliferation of B cells significantly. NHH decreased the appearance of histamin expression of HRF in mast cells significantly. The results suggest NHH is effective against the allergies. Continued studies of the antiallergic effects of NHH are urged.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2004

Tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and lymphotoxin-$\alpha$ (LT-$\alpha$, TNF-$\beta$) can initiate and perpetuate human diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). TNFs can be blocked by the use of soluble TNF receptors. However, since monomeric soluble receptors generally exhibit low affinity or function as agonists, the use of monomeric soluble receptors has been limited in the case of cytokines such as TNF-$\alpha$, TNF-$\alpha$, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-13, which have adapted to a multi component receptor system. For these reasons, very high-affinity inhibitors were created for the purpose of a TNFs antagonist to bind the TNFR and trigger cellular signal by using the multistep polymerase chain reaction method. First, recombinant simple TNFR-Ig fusion proteins were constructed from the cDNA sequences encoding the extracellular domain of the human p55 TNFR (CD120a) and the human p75 TNFR (CD120b), which were linked to hinge and constant regions of human $IgG_1$ heavy chain, respectively using complementary primers (CP) encoding the complementary sequences. Then, concatameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins were constructed using recombinant PCR and a complementary primer base of recombinant simple TNFR-Ig fusion proteins. For high level expression of recombinant fusion proteins, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were used with a retroviral expression system. The transfected cells produced the simple concatameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins capable of binding TNF and inactivating it. These soluble versions of simple concantameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins gave rise to multiple forms such as simple dimers and concatameric homodimers. Simple TNFR-1g fusion proteins were shown to have much more reduced TNF inhibitory activity than concatameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins. Concatameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins showed higher affinity than simple TNFR-Ig fusion proteins in a receptor inhibitor binding assay (RIBA). Additionally, concatameric TNFR-Ig fusion proteins were shown to have a progressive effect as a TNF inhibitor compared to the simple TNFR-Ig fusion proteins and conventional TNFR-Fc in cytotoxicity assays, and showed the same results for collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in mice in vivo.