• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권6A호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 CDMA 단말기에서 요구하는 교차변조 잡음의 레벨을 분석하고 최적설계를 위한 기준을 제시하였다. 표준안의 분석으로부터 교차변조 잡음의 레벨은 시스템 잡음지수와 VCO 위상잡음에 의해서 결정되며, 서로 트레이드-오프 관계에 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 시스템 설계 시 앞의 레벨을 만족시키기 위한 LNA의 IIP3와 듀플렉서의 격리도 값을 결정하였다. 따라서 본 논문은 cdma2000 단말기 설계 시 부품선정을 위한 기준이 될 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.222-237
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• 2002

Effects of high and low levels of feeding with or without protected protein on the performance of lactating goats were studied. Twenty four German Fawn goats either from 1st ($43.37{\pm}3.937$ kg and 2 year old) or 3rd $62.64{\pm}6.783$ kg and 4-5 year old) parity were used for the trial. Feeding levels were 7.2 (I) and 5.2 (II) MJ ME/litre of milk of 3.5% fat in addition to that of the maintenance allowance. At each feeding level, diet had either unprotected (U) or formaldehyde protected (P) soya-meal. Thus, four diets were IU, IP, IIU and IIP, having six animals in each. The diets were composed of hay and pellet (10:4:1 of beet pulp : barley : soya-meal). Effect of feeding level, protein protection, parity, health status and kid number on intake, milk yield, milk composition, growth rate of goats were recorded across the 21 weeks of study. High feeding level resulted increase (p<0.001) in estimated metabolizable energy (ME) and metabolizable protein (MP) availability. Dietary inclusion of protected soya-meal increased (p<0.001) the estimated MP but not the ME availability. Animals in 1st parity ate more (p<0.001) DM (111 vs. 102 g/kg $W^{0.75}$/d) than those in 3rd parity. Animals with twin kids (110 g/kg $W^{0.75}$/d) had higher (p<0.001) DM intake than those with single kid (102 g/kg $W^{0.75}$/d). Fat (4%) corrected milk (FCM) yield was not effected by high (1,924 g/d) or low (1,927 g/d) feeding level but increased (p<0.001) with protected (2,166 g/d) compared with unprotected (1,703 g/d) soya-meal. FCM yield for four dietary combinations were 1,806, 2,078, 1,600 and 2,254 g/d for diets IU, IP, IIU and IIP, respectively. For unit increase (g) in estimated MP availability relative to ME (MJ) intake, FCM yield increased ($1,418{\pm}275.6$) g daily ($r^2$=0.58; p<0.001). Milk fat (3.14 vs. 3.54%; p<0.001) and protein (2.94 vs. 3.04% p<0.05) contents were lower at high than the low feeding level. Protected protein increased (p<0.001) the fat, lactose and net energy (NE) content of milk. Milk urea concentration of 175, 183, 192 and 204 mg/l for diets IU, IP, IIU and IIP, respectively indicated lower RDP content of these diets. The RDP contents were 6.97, 6.70, 7.30 and 6.83 g/MJ of ME for diets IU, IP, IIU and IIP, respectively. Live weight change over the experimental period were 41, 6, 17 and 19 g/d. Absence of any positive response of high feeding was probably due to inefficient rumen fermentation resulting from inadequate RDP supply. Protected protein improved production performance apparently by increasing MP:ME ratio in the absorbed nutrient.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.185-185
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• 2008

This paper describes the broadband SDC (Single-ended to Differential Converter) for Digital Video Broadcasting-Satellite $2^{nd}$ edition (DVB-S2) receiver tuner IC. It is fabricated by using $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process. In order to obtain high linearity and low phase mismatch, the broadband SDC (Single-ended to Differential Converter) is designed with current mirror structure and cross-coupled capacitor and current source binding differential structure at VDD. The simulation result of SDC shows IIP3 of 11.9 dBm and IIP2 of 38 dBm. It consumes 5mA current with 2.7V supply voltage.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2015

A bandwidth-enhanced ultra-wide band (UWB) CMOS balun-LNA is implemented as a part of a software defined radio (SDR) receiver which supports multi-band and multi-standard. The proposed balun-LNA is composed of a single-to-differential converter, a differential-to-single voltage summer with inductive shunt peaking, a negative feedback network, and a differential output buffer with composite common-drain (CD) and common-source (CS) amplifiers. By feeding the single-ended output of the voltage summer to the input of the LNA through a feedback network, a wideband balun-LNA exploiting negative feedback is implemented. By adopting a source follower-based inductive shunt peaking, the proposed balun-LNA achieves a wider gain bandwidth. Two LNA design examples are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach. The LNA I adopts the CS amplifier with a common gate common source (CGCS) balun load as the S-to-D converter for high gain and low noise figure (NF) and the LNA II uses the differential amplifier with the ac-grounded second input terminal as the S-to-D converter for high second-order input-referred intercept point (IIP2). The 3 dB gain bandwidth of the proposed balun-LNA (LNA I) is above 5 GHz and the NF is below 4 dB from 100 MHz to 5 GHz. An average power gain of 18 dB and an IIP3 of -8 ~ -2 dBm are obtained. In simulation, IIP2 of the LNA II is at least 5 dB higher than that of the LNA I with same power consumption.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.472-478
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 LO 신호의 2차 하모닉 성분을 이용하여 2개의 FET를 cascode 구조로 구성한 near zero If특성을 갖는 하모닉 혼합기를 설계,제작하였다. 호모다인 방식에서 사용되는 혼합기는 DC offset이 가장 심각한 문제이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 단자간 분리도를 좋게 하고 near zero IF를 사용하여 혼합기를 설계하였다. 본 논문에서 구현된 혼합기는 간결한 구조에 비해 LO-RF 단자간 분리도가 우수하다. 설계된 혼합기에서 RF 입력 전력 -30 dBm, LO 입력 전력 6 dBm에 대해, 변환이득은 6.7 dB, 잡음지수는 8.4 dB, LO-RF 단자간 분리도는 31.5 dB, IIP3는 -1.9 dBm, IIP2는 -2.8 dBm이다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.408-415
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 CMOS 0.18 um 공정을 이용하여 UWB(Ultra Wide Band) 시스템의 $3.1{\sim}4.8\;GHz$ 대역에서 사용할 수 있는 스위칭-이득 제어 저잡음 증폭기를 설계하였다. 높은 이득 모드에서 전력 이득은 12.5 dB, IIP3는 0 dBm, 소비 전류는 8.13 mA로 측정되었으며, 낮은 이득 모드에서는 전력 이득 -8.7 dB, IIP3는 9.2 dBm, 소비 전류는 0 mA로 측정 되었다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2002

This paper describes RF front-end transceiver chipset for the dual-mode operation of PCS-Korea and IMT-2000. The transceiver chipset has been implemented in a $0.25\mutextrm{m}$ single-poly five-metal CMOS technology. The receiver IC consists of a LNA and a down-mixer, and the transmitter IC integrates an up-mixer. Measurements show that the transceiver chipset covers the wide RF range from 1.8GHz for PCS-Korea to 2.1GHz for IMT-2000. The LNA has 2.8~3.1dB NF, 14~13dB gain and 5~4dBm IIP3. The down mixer has 15.5~16.0dB NF, 15~13dB power conversion gain and 2~0dBm IIP3. The up mixer has 0~2dB power conversion gain and 6~3dBm OIP3. With a single 3.0V power supply, the LNA, down-mixer, and up-mixer consume 6mA, 30mA, and 25mA, respectively.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.570-575
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• 2005

배 경 : 국내에서 전향적으로 DILD를 등록하여 원인 분류한 보고가 없고 진단 수기 및 치료에 대한 보고도 전무하여, 한 3차 대학병원에서 2년 동안 전향적으로 진단된 DILD의 원인, 진단 수기 및 치료현황에 대한 실태를 파악하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 5월부터 2004년 4월까지 2년간 삼성서울병원에서 전향적으로 등록된 DILD 환자 487명을 대상으로, 2002년 ATS/ERS 분류에 따른 원인, 진단에 이용된 수기, 치료 방법에 대해 후향적 조사를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 1) 전체 487명중 DILD of known causes 168명, IIP 269명, granulomatous DILD 27명, other forms of DILD 14명이었고, 분류가 불확실한 환자 9명이었다. 2) 진단 수기는 HRCT가 97%, 폐기능검사가 89%, BAL이 44%, TBLB가 38%, 외과적 폐생검이 29%에서 이용 되었다. 3) 269명의 IIP 환자 중 IPF가 222명(82%), NSIP 23명(9%)이었고, 진단수기는 HRCT가 97%, BAL이 42%, 외과적 폐생검이 36%에서 받았다. 4) IIP 환자 중 폐생검을 받은 환자는 받지 않은 환자에 비해 평균연령이 더 낮고(57.8세 vs 68.2세, p<0.05) 심장질환 등의 동반 질환이 적었으며(16.5% vs 69%, p<0.001), HRCT 소견상 non-IPF인 경우가 더 많았다(33.7% vs 9.2%, p<0.001). 5) IPF 환자는 67%에서 대증적 치료만을 받았으나 non-IPF 환자에서는 89%에서 스테로이드 등의 약물치료를 받았다. 결 론 : 국내에서도 DILD 질환 등록 사업 및 적절한 검사를 통한 정확한 진단이 필요하고 이에 따른 치료가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 5 MHz의 채널 대역폭을 갖는 IMT-2000단말기용 RF 수신모듈을 설계하여 제작하였다. 제작된 RF수신모듈은 저잡음증폭기, RF SAW필터, 하향 변환기, IF SAW필터, AGC, PLL 주파수합성기로 구성되어졌다. 저잡음증폭기의 잡음지수와 IIP3는 2.14 GHz에서 0.8 dB와 3 dBm이고, 하향 변환기의 변환이득은 10 dB, AGC의 활성영역은 80 dB이었고, PLL의 위상잡음은 100 kHz에서 -100 dBc이였다. 수신모듈의 수신감도는 -48 dBm으로 제작되었다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2016

The linearization technique for low noise amplifier (LNA) has been implemented in standard $0.18-{\mu}m$ BiCMOS process. The MOS-BJT derivative superposition (MBDS) technique exploits a parallel LC tank in the emitter of bipolar transistor to reduce the second-order non-linear coefficient ($g_{m2}$) which limits the enhancement of linearity performance. Two feedback capacitances are used in parallel with the base-collector and gate-drain capacitances to adjust the phase of third-order non-linear coefficients of bipolar and MOS transistors to improve the linearity characteristics. The MBDS technique is also employed cascode configuration to further reduce the second-order nonlinear coefficient. The proposed LNA exhibits gain of 9.3 dB and noise figure (NF) of 2.3 dB at 2 GHz. The excellent IIP3 of 20 dBm and low-power power consumption of 5.14 mW at the power supply of 1 V are achieved. The input return loss ($S_{11}$) and output return loss ($S_{22}$) are kept below - 10 dB and -15 dB, respectively. The reverse isolation ($S_{12}$) is better than -50 dB.