• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 1995

The effects of oral application of fenoxycarb, the commercial formulation Insegar, to the selected developmental stages of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, was investigated. An oral application of the chemical to the silkworm from the 2nd- to the 5th-instar larvae delayed the larval development upto more than 40 days and increased the larval body weight in the range of 1.1 to 1.7 folds. When the chemical was orally applied to the final instar larvae, spinning and pupation were prevented, and consequently permanent larvae occurred. The weight of a cocoon and its shell of silkworm(bombyx, mori, L) increased following the application of fenoxycarb to the 2nd- and the 3rd-instar larvae.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.140-145
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• 1997

Silkworm fed on mulgerry leaves with 1000 times diluted Insegar(main component : Fenoxycarb, ethyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylcarbmate) and its effects was investigated on increase of the 5th larval silkgland weight and silk quality. The oral application of fenoxycarb showed increase of the silkgland weight. The whole period of the silkgland weight falls on the 2nd instar treatment by 13%, the 3rd day of the 4th instar by 111%(3100 mg) and the whole period of the 5th instar treatment rather decreased it by 66%(497 mg), as compared to 1470mg of the control. Female and male both increased 15%(1779mg) and 12%(1554mg) of the silkgland weight with the 2nd instar treatment, as compared to 1548mg and 1391mg in control, respectively. 118%(3368mg) and 104%(2832mg) of increase in the silkgland weight were also showed with the 3rd day of the 4th instar treatment but 70%(463mg) and 61%(539mg) of decrease were shown with the 5th instar treatment. The maximum weight of the middle silkgland weight increased by 6%(1248mg) and 127%(2673mg) with the 2nd instar and with the 3rd day of the 4th instar, respectively but 67%(393mg) of decrease took place, as compared to 1175mg of the control. The maximum increase of the posterior silkgland weight with whole peried of the 2nd instar treatment increased 12%(419mg) and 75%(656mg) and 64%(135mg) of decrease was shown, as compared to 374mg of the control. The oral application of Insegar at the 2nd instar increased 26 m of cocoon length, 4.0 cg of the cocoon filament weight and 0.21d of the silk denier, as compared to 1147 m of the cocoon length, 38 cg of the cocoon filament, 2.99d of the silk denier, weight of cocoon filament and silk denier, respectively but denier variance narrowed to 0.33d, as compared to that of the control.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.95-95
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• 2014

The mass measurement of neutron stars or black holes is of fundamental importance in our understanding of the evolution of massive stars and core-collapse supernova explosions as well as some exotic physics of the extreme conditions. Despite the importance, however, it's very difficult to measure mass of these objects directly. One way to do this, if they are in binary systems, to measure their binary motions (i.e., Doppler shifts) which can give us direct information on their mass. Recently many new highly-obscured massive X-ray binaries have been discovered by new hard X-ray satellites such as INTEGRAL and NuSTAR. The new highly-obscured massive X-ray binaries are faint in the optical, but bright in the infrared with many emission lines. Based on the near-infrared spectroscopy, one can first understand the nature of stellar companions to the compact objects, determining its spectral types and luminosity classes as well as mass losses and conditions of (potential) circumstellar material. Next, spectroscopic monitoring of these objects can be used to estimate the mass of compact objects via measuring the Doppler shifts of the lines. For the former, broad-band spectroscopy is essential; for the latter, high-resolution spectroscopy is critical. Therefore, IGRINS appears to be an ideal instrument to study them. An IGRINS survey of these new highly-obscured massive X-ray binaries can give us a rare opportunity to carry out population analyses for understanding the evolution of massive binary systems and formation of compact objects and their mass ranges. In this talk, we will present a sample near-infrared high resolution spectra of HMXB, IGR J19140+0951 and discuss about its spectral feature. These spectra are obtained on 13th July, 2014 from IGRINS commissioning run at McDonald 2.7m telescope. And at final, we will introduce the upgrade plan of IGRINS Operation Software (IGOS), to gather the input from IGRINS observer.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.136-143
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• 2016

In this study, analysis of disaster relief-related laws and regulations, analysis of disaster relief system, and investigate the inter-governmental relations in disaster relief system through analysis of major disaster relief case. As a result of the analysis, the central government has adjust and coordinate disaster relief activities of the local government, it has been found that you are managing director through the support of the administrative and financial. However, it was found that by weighting the administrative and financial burden on local government in disaster relief activities. In addition, the division of roles between the relief agencies and relief aid agencies of relief supplies transmission on disaster-related laws and regulations have not been specifically explicitly. It was found that has brought the waste of non-efficiency and resources by the duplication provision there is no mutual exchange of information relief supplies transmission situation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.602-608
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• 1999

Two-day old house fly adults were exposed to six insect growth regulators, flufenoxuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, diflubenzuron, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, as a feed additive (milk+5% sugar+chemical) in the laboratory for 6 days. The number of eggs deposited by the exposed-adults, viability of the eggs, and $F_1$ larval development were checked. All the IGRs tested were found to have no adverse effect on the reproduction of house fly, except methoxyfenozide (210ppm). The most effective inhibitor to egg hatch was flufenoxuron, followed by teflubenzuron, triflumuron, and diflubenzuron. Exposure to flufenoxuron (over 5ppm), teflubenzuron (over 25ppm), triflumuron (over 125ppm), and diflubenzuron (over 125ppm) reduced egg hatchability to 0 to 1.3%, but lower concentrations of these IGRs were less effective (6.3 to 46.3% egg hatchability). Almost all the larvae emerged from eggs deposited by the adults exposed to diflubenzuron (62.5ppm) and teflubenzuron (12.5ppm) failed to develop into pupae, causing total mortalities of 98% and 100%, respectively. However, two IGRs, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide, did not inhibit egg hatch and $F_1$ larval development, except methoxyfenozide (210ppm) treatment These results suggest that these 4 IGRs may be used in the development of autosterilization system for house fly control. However, further work is required to develop delivery systems capable of transferring an effective dose to the fly under field conditions.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.75-81
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• 2000

These studies were carried out to investigate the toxicities of 38 registered insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). Insecticide activities were evaluated by testing systemic action and residual effect in the laboratory, and control efficacy in the greenhouse. All experiments were tested at the recommended concentration(ppm) of each insecticides. Insect growth regulators (IGRs), only pyriproxyfen showed over 90% of ovicidal effect. The insecticides that showed over 90% of larvicidal activity oil 3rd nymphal instars were abamectin, acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos-methyl, imidacloprid, pyripoxyfen, and acetamiprid+ethofenprox. Insecticides with 100% adulticidal activity were abamectin, acephate, acetamiprid, benfurcarb, bifenthrin, furathiocarb, endosulfan, fenitrothion, imidacloprid, phenthoate, pymetrozine, acetamiprid + ethofenprox, ethofenprox + diazinon, furathiocarb + difluberlzuron, and triazamate+${\alpha}$-cypermethrin. Abamectin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen, and acetamiprid + ethofenpox showed both residual effect and systemic activity. In tile control efficacy test on B. tabaci, 90% control values were obtained at 11th day after treatment of the insecticides including abamectin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pyripoxyfen and acetamiprid + ethofenprox. These results indicate that abamectin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen and acetamiprid + ethofenprox can be used for tile control of B. tabaci in field.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2008

Toxicity of 10 registered insecticides and 6 fertilizers were tested against $3^{rd}$ larva and adults of Korean firefly, Luciola lateralis Motschulsky(Coleoptera: Lampyridae). All experiments were tested at the recommended concentration of each inescticides by producer. MEP, PAP, Acephate, Fenthion, and Diazinon, which were organophates, a mixtures combined with Burofezin fenobucarb, Cartap buprofezin, and Thiamethoxam(Neonicotinoids), Fipronil(Phenylpyrazoles) showed more 80.0% mortality on larva and adults of L. lateralis. However, tebufenozide(I.G.R) showed low mortality of 33.3%. $LC_{50}$ (ppm) value of Assit, Cartap buprofezin, Fenthion and PAP were showed 1.03 ppm, 1.90 ppm, 10.26 ppm, 0.98 ppm, respectively, against $3^{rd}$ larva of L. lateralis. Effects against eggs showed very high toxicity. Otherwise, tebufenozide(I.G.R) was showed hatchability of 100%. Toxicity of Urea fertilizer, Ammonium sulfate, Potassium chloride, Fused phosphate, Complex fertilizer and Silicate fertilizer were showed the mortality with 27.3%, 56.7%, 73.3%, 0.0%, 0.0%, 0.0%, respectively, when exposed 72 hrs after treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2000

These studies were carried out to investigate the toxicities of 43 registered insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly(Bemisia tabaci, B. biotype). Insecticide activities were evaluated by testing systemic action and residual effect in the laboratory, and control efficacy in the greenhouse. All experiments were tested at the recommended concentration(ppm) of each insecticides. Insect growth regulators (IGRs), pyriproxyfen and teflubenzuron showed >95% ovicidal effect. The insecticides that showed >95% larvicidal activity on 3rd nymphal instars were abamectin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen, and acetamiprid+ ethofenprox. Insecticides with >95% adulticidal activity were abamectin, acetamiprid, diazinon, endosulfan, fenitrothion, imidacloprid, methidathion, pirimiphos-methyl, pymetrozine, spinosad, acetamiprid+ ethofenprox, cartap kydrochloride+buprofezin, and fenpropathrin+fenitrothion. Abamectin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen, and acetamiprid+ethofenprox showed both residual effect and systemic activity. In the control efficacy test on B. tabaci, 90% control values were obtained at 1st day after treatment of the insecticides including abamectin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen and acetamiprid+ethofenprox but in pyriproxyfen, 90% control value was reached at 7th day after treatment. These results indicate that abamectin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, pyriproxyfen and acetamiprid+ethofenprox can be used in control for B. tabaci in field.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2007

Surveying, laboratory and field trial were performed to elucidate the causes of non-spinning syndrome of silkworm, Bombyx mori, abnormal symptoms of silkworm instars observed in certain sericultural fanning region. Mortality and growth of silkworm was still influenced by feeding the mulberry leaves sprayed with 10,000 fold diluted solution of standard spray of diflubenzuron WP (25%). Mortality and growth of silkworm fed with diflubenzuron-sprayed mulberry leaves with recommended spray solution were entirely affected even six weeks after spraying irrespective to the instars. Larval period of 5th instar and cocooning duration of silkworm was not affected in case 50m of buffer zone has maintained in near-by orchard field sprayed with diflubenzuron WP (25%). However, survival rate of pupae was not influenced in case 100 m of buffer zone has kept. Insect growth regulating insecticides were required to keep a certain distance of buffer zone when sprayed with water-diluted solution, 100 m from the application site at least in order to prevent contamination of the spraying drift by the chemicals.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2002

This study was carried out not only to investigate the toxicities of 12 registered insecticides on different developmental stages, but also to determine the sublethal effects on longevity and reproduction of newly emerged adult female and development of the next generation in the rice skipper, Parnara guttata. Fenitrothion, fenthion, cartap hydrochloride, ethofenprox highly suppressed egg-hatch. All insecticides treated showed high larvicidal activity on the 1st to 2nd instar larva. The insecticides showed higher larvicidal activities on the 5th instar larva were fenitrothion, fenthion, ethofenprox, fipronil, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide and Bt. var. kurstaki. The sublethal doses of fenthion, tebufenozide, cartap hydrochloride, methoxyfenozide, ethofenprox, imidacloprid and fipronil shortened the longevities of newly emerged adult female from the treated larva ($3{\sim}4$ instar). BPMC, imidacloprid, ethofenprox, fipronil and methoxyfenozide delayed the preoviposition periods of adult females and decreased the number of eggs laid when they were treated at the larval stages of the previous generation. Ethofenprox caused severe sublethal effects on P. guttata offspring, completely blocking the production. All insecticides except fenitrothion affected the egg viability, and all eggs from the adult females emerged from the survivors treated larvae with imidacloprid or fipronil fail to hatch. IGRs, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide showed an adverse effect on the development of next generation larva.