• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.42-55
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• 2015

Purpose: The object of this study is to observe the anti-ulcerative effects of BK-1202 (IGM), a mixed herbal formula consisting of 9 herbal drugs, which have been traditional Korean medicine for treating various digestive diseases, on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rat. Methods: Three different doses of IGM extract (200, 100 and 50 mg/kg) were orally administered once 30 min before indomethacin treatment. Six hours after indomethacin treatment, changes in the gross lesion scores, fundic histopathology, MPO activity and antioxidant activities were observed. The results were compared with two reference groups treated with omeprazole (10 mg/kg), antioxidant and proton pump inhibitor, and DA-9601 (100 mg/kg), a standardized extract of the herb Artemisiaasiatica. Results: In all three doses of IGM extract, significantly decreased gastric damages were observed in the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer rats, when compared with the indomethacin-treated control rats. IGM extracts also strengthened the antioxidative defense systems, decreasing the level of lipid peroxidation and catalase activity while increasing the superoxide dismutase and glutathione contents. IGM extracts showed similar anti-ulcerative effects to those shown by equal dose of DA-9601, and the effects of 50 mg/kg IGM extracts were comparable to those of 10 mg/kg omeprazole. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that IGM extract has favorable effects on the indomethacin -induced gastric damages by strengthening the antioxidative defense systems and enhancing anti-inflammatory effects.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

The bearing capacity of drilled shaft is affected by several factors, such as shaft length, shape, surface roughness, young's modulus of geomaterials and shaft, soil strength, confining stress and so on. However, there has been no design method of drilled shaft considering all factors mentioned above. Moreover, since geomaterials are simply classified as sand, clay and rock, there was no design criterion for IGM (Intermediate Geomaterials). Therefore, the rigorous design approach of drilled shaft was not possible by classical design method. However, since these characteristics were not considered in classical theories, bearing capacity was generally different ken practical value. In this study, the bearing capacity of drilled shaft with the IGM's theory was compared with those of classical theories. The results showed that classical method showed smaller values of bearing capacity than those of field load transfer data. Moreover, the evaluated value of bearing capacity with IGM theory corresponded fairly well with those of field data.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.343-347
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• 2004

The energy injection of galactic black holes (BH) into the intergalactic medium via extragalactic radio source jets and lobes is sufficient to magnetize the IGM in the filaments and walls of Large Scale Structure at < [B] > ${\~}0.l{\mu}G$ or more. It appears that this process of galaxy-IGM feedback is the primary source of IGM cosmic rays(CR) and magnetic field energy. Large scale gravitational infall energy serves to re-heat the intergalactic magnetoplasma in localities of space and time, maintaining or amplifying the IGM magnetic field, but this can be thought of as a secondary process. I briefly review observations that confirm IGM fields around this level, describe further Faraday rotation measurements in progress, and also the observational evidence that magnetic fields in galaxy systems around z=2 were approximately as strong then, ${\~}$10 Gyr ago, as now.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.442-444
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 GA(Genetic Algorithm) 기반 점증적 입자모델(IGM: Incremental Granular Model)의 최적화 설계를 제안한다. IGM의 성능은 다양한 실세계 응용예제를 통해 성공적으로 연구되어져왔다. 그러나, IGM의 문제로 각 컨텍스트에서 동일한 클러스터 수가 사용되는 점과 전형적인 퍼지화 계수가 설정된다는 점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 IGM을 최적화하여 각 컨텍스트에서 클러스터 중심의 수와 퍼지화 계수를 최적화하는 설계 방법을 제시했다. 제안된 방법의 타당성을 확인하기 위해 Ecotect에서 시뮬레이션 한 12가지 건물 형태를 사용하여 에너지 효율 예측에 대한 실험을 수행하였고, 제안된 방법은 기존의 IGM보다 우수한 성능을 보이는 것을 확인했다.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.197-216
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• 2009

1. Objectives This study is to investigate the relationship between type A behavior pattern(TABP) and diabetes according to Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods 162 persons(81 IGM persons vs 81 normal persons) out of 666 persons, more than 40 years old, who participated the community based cohort in Wonju City of South Korea from July 2nd to August 30th in 2006, were randomly selected and analyzed. Framingham Type A score, Social Support index, glucose related laboratory results were measured and analyzed according to Sasang Constitution. 3. Results Soeumin in IGM group had significantly high scores in FTA scales compared with Soyangin and Taeeumin, bur in female IGM group and normal group there was no significant difference in FTA scales and TABP frequency by Sasang Constitution. There was no significant difference in social support index in IGM and normal group by Sasang Constitution. There was no significant difference in glucose-related values between TABP/TBBP in IGM group and normal group. Soyangin in female IGM group had significantly high values in insulin(fasting) and HOMA-IR in TABP group, Soeumin group had significantly high values in FBS in TABP group. According to binary logistic regression analysis for IGM, Sasang Constitution was a significant risk factor and the ORs of Taeeumin and Soyangin were significantly higher than that of Soeumin. Social Support index was significantly higher only in female group. 4. Conclusions Adequate questionnaire of TABP for our country or a research of another subjects are needed. And Sasang Constitution is thought to be the reasonable intervention to control diabetes in terms of prevention, treatment and regimen.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.73.5-73.5
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• 2019

Studying the amount and kinematics of circumand intergalactic medium (CGM and IGM) is key to understanding the role of feedback and environment (cold streams and galactic winds) in the evolution of galaxies. In particular, $Ly{\alpha}$ emission line has been utilized to investigate the density structure and kinematics of the (most abundant) H I gas in the CGM and IGM around galaxies. Therefore, modeling $Ly{\alpha}$ radiative transfer through multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), CGM and IGM is crucial in understanding the galaxy evolution. As discussed in Kakiichi & Dijkstra (2018), most $Ly{\alpha}$ RT effects would occur on interstellar scales. This is because the main source of $Ly{\alpha}$ photons would be H II regions, which are in most cases, if not all, surrounded by "cold" photo-dissociation regions. However, most $Ly{\alpha}$ RT studies have been performed in the CGM and IGM environments with T ~ 10,000K. In this talk, we present how the $Ly{\alpha}$ RT effect in the cold ISM with T ~ 100 K regulates the $Ly{\alpha}$ spectral properties.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.58.2-58.2
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• 2021

The clumping factor of the inter-galactic medium (IGM) is one of the most important quantities that determine the process of cosmic reionization. However, theoretical attempts to make predictions about the clumping factor have been hampered by finite resolutions of the simulations, because small-scale structures in the IGM were under-resolved. We use high-resolution (~10 pc), cosmological radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, SPHINX, to estimate the clumping factor in the IGM. We find that the global clumping factors (CHII>3) are higher than previously estimated (CHII=3), indicating that resolving the small structures is indeed crucial to accurately model the reionization history of the Universe. We also discuss the local clumping factors, which should be useful to make predictions about the local ionization histories with analytic methods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.428-434
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• 2015

A stockperson has a significant influence on the productivity and welfare of his animals depending on his stockmanship competence. In this study, stockmanship competence (SC) is defined as the capacity of the stockperson to ensure the welfare of his animals by providing his animals' needs. The study was conducted to evaluate the SC of backyard goat raisers and examine its relationship to goat productivity and economic profitability. There were 101 respondents for this study who have all undertaken farmer livestock school on integrated goat management (FLS-IGM). Interview was conducted in Region I, Philippines on September 3 to 30, 2012 and March 4 to 17, 2013. Data on SC, goat productivity and farmer's income were gathered. Questions regarding SC were formulated based on the Philippine Recommendations for Goat Production and from other scientific literature. Housing, feeding, breeding and health and husbandry management were the indicators used in computing stockmanship competence index score (SCIS). Pearson correlation using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was carried out to analyse the relationship between SCIS, productivity and income. Based from the results of the study, a majority of the respondents raised native and upgraded goats. The computed mean SCIS before and after undergoing FLS-IGM were 38.52% and 75.81% respectively, a percentage difference of 65.23%. Both index scores resulted in significant differences in productivity and income. The median mature weight and mortality rate of goats before FLS-IGM was 14 kg and 30% respectively. After FLS-IGM, median mature weight was 19 kg and mortality rate decreased from 30% to 11.11%. Likewise, fewer goat diseases were observed by farmers who were able to undergo FLS-IGM. With regard to income, there was a 127.34% difference on the median net income derived by farmers. Result implies that improved SC could lead not only to increased productivity and income of backyard goat raisers but also to better animal welfare.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.17-30
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• 2011

A variety of in-situ geotechnical investigation methods are currently used to measure the properties of each site, but in-situ tests for "Intermediate Geomaterial (IGM)", which is the transitional geomaterial between soil and rock, have only limited application. In the United States, "The Texas Cone Penetrometer Test (TCPT)", which is the geotechnical investigation technology for IGM, is utilized to create foundation designs. This paper introduces "The Driving Cone Penetrometer Test (DCPT)", which can be performed using general geotechnical investigation equipment and also analyzes the correlation between various in-situ geotechnical investigation methods by applying DCPT on the ground. The results showed that the correlation between the driving cone penetrometer test (DCPT) and standard penetration test (SPT) was quite high. Additionally, the scope of DCPT properties was wide, depending on soil types.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.13-22
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• 2010

Independent-Gate-Mode Double-Gate(IGM-DG) MOSFET overcomes the limitation of bulk-MOSFET's channel controllability and enables to control the front and back-gate voltages independently. Therefore, circuit designs utilizing the IGM-DG MOSFETs provide the advantage of setting 4-terminal freely, hence achieving not only the performance improvement but also the larger scale integration. This paper presents a 15Gb/s optical receiver with a 1.0V power supply voltage, which consists of a transimpedance amplifier (TIA), a feedforward limiting amplifier (LA), and an output buffer. HSPICE simulations were conducted to confirm the circuit performance, and also to verify the circuit stability issues which may occur from the variations of process and supply voltage.