• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.77.1-77.10
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• 2021

Background: Serum-based parameters are considered non-invasive biomarkers for cancer detection. In human studies, insulin-like growth factor-I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) are useful as diagnostic or prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. Objectives: This study examined the diagnostic utility of circulating IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 levels in healthy dogs and dogs with tumors. Methods: The serum concentrations of these biomarkers in 86 dogs with tumors were compared with those in 30 healthy dogs using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The ELISA results showed no difference between healthy dogs and dogs with tumors in the serum IGF-II concentrations. On the other hand, there was a significant difference in the circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels between healthy dogs and dogs with tumors. The concentrations of serum IGF-I (median [interquartile range], 103.4 [59.5-175] ng/mL) in dogs with epithelial tumors were higher than those (58.4 ng/mL [43.5-79.9]) in healthy dogs. Thus, the concentrations of serum IGFBP-3 (43.4 ng/mL [33.2-57.2]) in dogs with malignant mesenchymal tumors were lower than those (60.8 ng/mL [47.6-70.5]) in healthy dogs. Conclusions: The serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels can be used as diagnostic biomarkers in dogs with tumors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.301-310
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• 1997

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a wide range of pathophysiological in the kidney. This study was designed to examine the effects of high glucose concentration on IGF-I binding and glucose transporters in renal proximal tubule cells. The results were as follows : The binding of $^{125}I-IGF-I$ reached the peak at the 30 minutes and gradually decreased by the time dependent manner. The binding of $^{125}I-IGF-I$ was inhibited by the unlabelled IGF-I($10^{-14}{\sim}10^{-8}M$) in a concentration dependent manner. The relative affinity of IGF-I receptor for IGF-I, IGF-II and insulin exhibited typical type 1 binding(IGF-I > insulin > IGF-II). However IGF-II did not compete for the cultured cell membrane $^{125}I-IGF-I$ binding site at $10^{-14}{\sim}10^{-8}M$. Under optimal conditions, IGF-I binding to the membranes from 5mM and 20mM glucose treated cells was analyzed. It was found that 20mM glucose treated cells exhibited higher binding activity for IGF-I. In order to further substantiate this increase in IGF-I binding sites, we performed affinity-labelling studies. The cross-linked cell membrane subjected to SDS-PAGE; labelled material was detected by autoradiography. 20mM glucose treated cells exhibited higher levels. The initial rate of $methyl-{\alpha}-D-glucopyranoside({\alpha}-MG)$ uptake was significantly lower($74.41{\pm}6.71%$) in monolayers treated with 20mM glucose than those of 5mM glucose. However, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose(3-O-MG) uptake was not affected by glucose concentration in culture media. IGF-I significantly increased ${\alpha}-MG$ uptake in both 5mM and 20mM glucose treated cells. However, 3-O-MG uptake was not affected by IGF-I in both conditions. In conclusion, 20mM glucose increased binding sites of $^{125}I-IGF-I$, inhibited Na/glucose cotransporter activity. But 20mM glucose did not change facilitated glucose transporter.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.56-56
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• 2002

복제기법을 이용한 체세포 복제우의 생산에 있어서 문제점은 복제란의 이식후 수태율이 매우 낮으며 이에 대한 근본적인 원인을 해석하고, 수태율을 증진시킬 수 있는 새로운 방법이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 체세포 복제 가축의 수태율이 낮은 근본적인 원인을 규명하기 위한 기초자료를 확보할 목적으로 복제란 이식우의 임신기간 중혈중 progesterone, cortisol, IGF-Ⅰ 및 IGF-Ⅱ의 농도를 분석하여 복제우의 수태율을 높이기 위하여 시험을 실시하였다. (중략)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1668-1676
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• 2010

The somatotropic axis plays a key role in proliferation and differentiation of avian organs during both pre- and posthatching periods. This review discusses the complexity of regulation of the endocrine system for chicken development and growth by growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and IGF binding protein (IGFBP). In addition, the thyrotropic axis, including thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid hormones ($T_4$ and $T_3$), is also involved in the GH-secreting pattern. In mammals, IGFI and -II are always sequestered in a 150 kDa non-covalent ternary complex. This complex consists of one molecule each of IGF-I or IGF-II, IGFBP-3 or IGFBP-5 and an acid labile subunit (ALS). Chick ALS is identified in different strains for the first time, and further investigation of the expression of ALS on developmental stage and ALS effect on IGF bioavailability may be addressed in the future.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2004

It has been reported that glomerulosclerosis mediated by the dysfunction of mesangial cells and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are associated with the development of diabetic nephropathy. However, it is not yet known the effect of high glucose on IGF-I, -II secretion, IGF-I receptor, and IGFBPs expression in the mesangial cells. Thus, this study was conducted to examine the effect of high glucose on IGF system and its involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) and oxidative stress in mesangial cells. In this study, high glucose (25 mM) increased IGF-I and IGF-II secretion and mRNA expression (P<0.05), which was blocked by PKC inhibitor (staurosporine, 10/sup -8/ M) and antioxidant (N-acetyl cystein, 10/sup -5/ M). High glucose decreased IGFBP-1 and -2 expression but increased IGFBP-5 expression. These alteration of IGFBPs by high glucose was also prevented by staurosporine and NAC, suggesting the role of PKC and oxidative stress. Indeed, high glucose increased PKC activity. Furthermore, high glucose-induced increase of lipid peroxide (LPO) formation was blocked by PKC inhibitors. In conclusion, high glucose alters IGF system via PKC-oxidative pathways in mesangial cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.471-482
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• 2009

Nutrient availability may control muscle growth directly and indirectly through its influence on regulatory factors. We analyzed the effects of nutrient availability on the breast muscle insulin-like growth factor system. Real time RT-PCR was used to quantify the level of transcription in breast muscle from Langshan (LS) layer and Arbor Acres (AA) broiler chickens subjected to different feeding regimens during embryonic and postnatal development. The AA chickens were fed AA diet (AA, control group) while the LS chickens were either fed LS diet (LL) or AA diet (LA). According to our results, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II (embryonic day 16 (E16) - postnatal day 42 (P42)), IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR, E18-P42), and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 (E18-P42), -5 (E16-P14), -7 (E12-P0), and -3 (E12-P0) were positively correlated with IGF-I, while IGFBP-3 (P0-P28) was negatively correlated with IGF-I. In comparison, IGF-IR (E18-P42), IGFBP-2 (E18-P42), IGFBP-5 (E14-P0), and IGFBP-3 (E16-P0) were positively correlated with IGF-II, while IGF-IR (E10-E16) and IGFBP-3 (P0-P28) were negatively correlated with IGF-II. Moreover, IGFBP-2 (E16-P42), -7 (E10-E16), and -3 (E10-E16) were positively correlated with IGF-IR, while IGFBP-3 (P0-P28) was negatively correlated with IGF-IR. Finally, IGFBP-7 (E12-P0) was positively correlated with IGFBP-3, while IGFBP-2 (P0-P28) and -7 (P0-P42) were negatively correlated with IGFBP-3. Overall, the AA chickens exhibited higher levels of IGF-I, IGF-IR, and IGFBP-2 mRNA expression than the LL chickens, while the opposite was true for IGFBP-7. No strain differences in IGF-I, IGF-IR, and IGFBP-7 mRNA expression were detected between LA and AA chickens; however, a strain difference was observed for IGFBP-2. LA chickens exhibited higher levels of IGFBP-2 than LL chickens, while the opposite was true for IGFBP-7. Our data show the first evidence that certain genes may be correlated during specific developmental periods and that strain differences in the expression of those genes in LS and AA chickens are due to differential responses to the same diet.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to find relationships of plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II concentrations to litter size and lactation performance. Sixty pure-bred Landrace and Yorkshire pigs having similar farrowing weeks which had been selected from a large number of pregnant gilts and sows were divided into low- (<${\mu}$－0.5SD) and high-litter size (>${\mu}$+0.5 SD) lines under a 2 (breed)${\times}$2 (line) factorial arrange of treatments. After adjusting the litter size to nine piglets per sow at farrowing, total litter weight was measured at three weeks postpartum at weaning as an index of milk yield. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein at day (d)-90 pregnancy (Px) and at d-15 postpartum. The litter size or the number of piglets born during the present experiment and the average litter size during the entire parities up to the present one were greater in the high-line than in the low-line by 3.7 and 2.4 piglets, respectively (P<0.01); effect of the breed on litter size was not significant. Plasma IGF-II concentration at d-90 Px was greater in the high-line than in the low-line. Litter size and d-90 Px IGF-I concentration were negatively correlated in Landrace (r=－0.46; P<0.05) and tended to be negatively correlated in Yorkshire (r=－0.31; P=0.09), which resulted in a significant negative correlation between these two variables in total animals (r=－0.35; P<0.01). Litter weight at weaning was not different between the two breeds or lines. Relationships between the litter weight and IGF concentration were not consistent across the breed ${\times}$ physiological stage combinations. Results suggest that d-90 Px IGF concentrations may be indicative of the litter size at impending farrowing.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.236-240
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• 1997

A crude extract of Smphytum officinale L. (comfrey) was for its ability to inhibit he growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and expression of the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-II) gene. The DNA synthesis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, Hep G2, Hep 3B, and PLC/PRF/5 was inhibited by a crude extract of Smphytum officinale in both a time- and a dose-dependent manners. This plant extract also inhibited expression of the IGF-II gene. Since IGF-II exerts a mitogenic effect on Hep G2 cells, these results suggest that the growth inhibition by Symphytum officinale extract is, in part, mediated through the inhibition of IGF-II gene expression.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.1135-1141
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• 1999

A large number of investigations have shown that changes in nutritional condition affect endocrine status in avian species. Herein, recent findings including novel peptides discovered by the development of the techniques in the field of molecular biology have been reviewed. The insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) found in chickens have been characterized and shown to be 70 and 66 amino acid polypeptides, respectively. Plasma IGF-I level is very responsive to nutrition, Le. varying dietary proteins and energy intakes, and food restriction. Plasma IGF-II concentration is altered by nutritional deprivation to a much smaller extent than plasma IGF-I concentration. Almost all of the serum and tissue IGFs are found in a complex composed of IGF and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP). In the chicken plasma, the major IGFBP differs from that in mammalian plasma. The proglucagon mRNA encodes glucagon and two glucagon-like peptides (GLP-I and GLP-2). The intracerebroventricular administration of GLP-l strongly decreased food intake of chicks, and it was indicated that the inhibition of food intake by GLP-l was associated with neuropeptide Y, which is one of the neurotransmitters reported to enhance food intake.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.263-273
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the Korean Safflower (Carthamus inctorius L) seed powder on serum level of hormones and trabecula area during the recovery from osteoporosis induced ovariectomized rats. Four month-old rats were ovariectomized (OVX), remained untreated for 8 weeks, and were subsequently administered safflower seed (0.03 g/kg) every other day 30 for days. We examined the effects of treated safflower seed every 10 days on ovariectomy-related changes in Insulin-like Growth Factors, Insulin-like Growth Factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Estrogen, Bone-specific alkaline phosphotase, Calcium, and Phospotase in the serum, and also histomorphology of the proximal fibula metaphysis and femur/body weight rate. Ten and 20 days after safflower seed treatment in OVX rats, serum levels of IGF-I, -II and IGFBP-3 were not different from the Sham and OVX groups. In 30 days, serum levels of IGF-I,-II and IGFBP-3 were higher after safflower seed treatment in OVX rats as compared to the other two groups (p<0.05). Bone alkaline phosphatase levels were increased through safflower seed treatment in OVX rats compared to the other two groups in 30 days. There were no differences between OVX and safflower seed treated OVX rats in serum levels of estrogen and femur/body weight rate, but estrogen levels for the sham group were higher than for the other two groups. The safflower seed is increased to serum levels of IGFs, IGFBP-3 and BALP of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomized rats. Thus, we conclude that the safflower seed is a possible role for improvement of osteoporosis induced-ovariectomized rats.