• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1160-1167
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• 2017

Objective: To assess the effects of proteinate complex zinc (PC-Zn) on growth performance, antioxidative function, trace element concentrations and immune function in weaned piglets. Methods: Three hundred newly weaned barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$), 28 days of age, were randomly allotted to 3 dietary groups of 5 replicate pens per group for 4 weeks of feeding. Experimental diets were: i) zinc deficient diet (ZnD, 24 mg/kg Zn supplementation from $ZnSO_4$), ii) inorganic Zn diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg of Zn from Zn sulfate ($ZnSO_4$), and iii) organic Zn diet supplemented with 120 mg/kg of Zn from PC-Zn. The body weight of pigs were recorded at the beginning, at the middle and at the end of the experiment, and the amount of feed supplied each day was recorded. Five barrows from each dietary treatment group were selected to be anesthetized and euthanized at the end of the trial to determine the Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn concentrations, the hepatic metallothionein content, the levels of methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), Mn, and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the spleen, the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, $CD3^+$, $CD4^+$, and $CD8^+$ T lymphocyte. Results: The accumulation of Zn in the spleen, levels of SOD, GSH-Px, IL-4, IL-10, the proportions of $CD3^+$ and $CD4^+$ T lymphocyte, and the ratio of $CD4^+/CD8^+$ T lymphocyte were increased by organic Zn supplementation compared to ZnD, while the levels of MDA, $IFN-{\gamma}$, and proportion of $CD8^+$ T lymphocyte were lowered. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Zn can improve the antioxidant potential and immune functions of weaned piglets.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.157-175
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hangamdan(抗癌丹). The clinical study was carried out 320 cases of patients with cancer treated by Hangamdan(抗癌丹) from May 1st 1998 to September 1st 1999. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The effects of improvement in the symptoms with traditional oriental cancer therapy(47.6%) were higher than combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(37.4%). 2. In the analysis of hematology, maintenance and increasing of WBC(86.2%), Hgb(87.2%), P1atelet(97.6%) RBC(81.1%) were observed. In the analyses of tumor marker, maintenance and decreasing of CEA(76%), CA19-9(88.8%), AFP(69.2%) were observed. 3. In the analysis of safety, maintenance and decreasing of AST(93.1%), ALT(95%), BUN(92.2%), Creatinine(93.6%) were observed. 4. In the analysis of QOL attached by cancer, combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(maintenance and improvement; 91.8%) was higher than traditional oriental cancer therapy(maintenance and improvement; 79.3%) 5. In the analysis of survival in patients with terminal cancer, above 6 months(46.3%), 12 months(19.2%). 6. In the analysis of antitumor effects, combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(maintenance 71.6% improvement 12.8%) was higher than traditional oriental therapy (maintenance 66.7% improvement 9.5%). 7. In the analysis of curative evaluation, combined treatment of western and oriental therapy(maintenance 40.4% improvement 41.8%) was higher than traditional oriental therapy (maintenance 23.8% improvement 46.1%). 8. In the analysis of IL-12 and IFN-$\gamma$ attached by cancer, increasing of IL-12(32.3%), IFN-$\gamma$(41.5%) were observed. From the above results, it is suggested that Hangamdan has significant effects of antitumor and immune activity, also could be usefully applied for cancer patients by combination with western therapy or alone.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activities of Typhae pollen (TP) by confirming in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo anti-tumor and immune-modulatory effect with anti-cachexia effect. The MTT assay is used in HepG2 cell to detect potential cytotoxic activities of aqueous extract of Typhae pollen (TPe). After HepG2 tumor cell implantation, eight mice per groups were assigned to six groups. Three different dosages of TPe (500, 250 and 125 mg/kg) were orally administered in the amount of $10m{\ell}/kg$ and sorafenib also administered 20mg/kg, every day for 35 days from 28 days after the tumor cell implantation. We observed the changes on body weights, tumor volume and weights, lymphatic organ, serum interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ levels, splenocytes and peritoneal NK cell activity, splenic tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$, interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-10 contents. Periovarian fat weights, serum IL-6 levels, thicknesses of deposited periovarian adipose tissue and mean diameters were also detected to monitor the tumor-related anticachexic effects. In tumor masses, the immunoreactivities of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (cleaved PARP) - apoptotic marks, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ were additionally observed by immunohistochemistry. The results were compared with sorafenib. Decreases of COX-2 were demonstrated in sorafenib and TPe treated mice and also increases of iNOS in tumor masses were observed in TPe, not in sorafenib. TPe increased periovarian fat pad weights compared with tumor-bearing controls and sorafenib treated mice. TPe showed increases of splenic $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-10 and $IL-1{\beta}$, serum $IFN-{\gamma}$ and NK cell activities corresponding to increases of spleen weights, lymph node weights and non-atrophic changes of lymph nodes. Our results show oral treatment of TPe 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg has potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities through modest cytotoxic effects, immunomodulatory effects and apoptotic activities in HepG2 tumor cells. In addition, TPe can prevent cancer related cachexia.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2005

Background: IL-18 was originally cloned as a IFN-${\gamma}$ inducing factor in primed T cells. In synergy with IL-12, IL-18 has been shown to induce strikingly high levels of IFN-${\gamma}$ production by T cells and to enhance Th1 development. Also this cytokine exerts induction of Th2 development through IL-4 induction. Methods: Resting $CD4^+$ T cells were sorted by negative selection and activated by anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 Ab. Expression of IL-12 binding sites, IL-18 binding sites, IL-18R ${\alpha}$, and GATA-3 mRNA were analysed by FACS and RT-PCR, respectively. Results: Resting $CD4^+$ T cells expressed IL-18R ${\alpha}$ chain but not IL-18 binding sites, suggesting a lack of IL-18R ${\beta}$ expression. IL-18R ${\alpha}$ was maintained on the Th1 and Th2 committed cells. IL-18 binding sites were induced on the Th1 but not Th2 cells. Exposure of these cells to IL-18 led to up-regulation of GATA-3 mRNA expression only in Th2 committed cells. To elucidate the relationship between IL-18R ${\alpha}$ expression and GATA-3 induction by IL-18, Th1 and Th2 committed cells were further cultured in medium with or without IL-12 for 2 days. IL-12 binding sites were maintained on the Th1 and Th2 cells regardless of IL-12 treatment, but IL-18R a expression was rapidly down-regulated on the IL12-untreated Th2 cells which did not induce GATA-3 mRNA expression followed by IL-18 stimulation. Conclusion: IL-12 supports expression of IL-18R ${\alpha}$ and GATA-3 mRNA expression was induced by IL-18 through IL-18R ${\alpha}$ without expression of IL-18 binding site in Th2 cells.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2009

Objective: The purpose of experimental study was to prove the effects of Boyangmakseong-bang (BYMSB) treatment on cBSA-induced in a MN mouse model. Methods: We divided mice into 4 groups. The Normal group had no treatment. We used cBSA and induced MN mouse model to the other 3 groups. The Control group was treated with cBSA (9mg/kg i.p) only. The second group, named 'BY-250', was treated with cBSA (9mg/kg i.p) and BYMSB extract (250mg/kg, p.o). The third group, named 'BY-500', was treated with cBSA (9mg/kg i.p) and BYMSB extract (500mg/kg, p.o). After cBSA and BYMSB extract treatment for 4 weeks, the increase in percentage of body weight, proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine and BUN of all groups were measured. The CD3+, CD19+, CD4+, CD8+ cell levels of spleen of all groups were analyzed. IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels of all groups were gauged. H&E staining, immunofluorescence staining and electron microscopy of kidney were observed. Results: BYMSB showed significant decrease in the 24hrs proteinuria, serum total cholesterol, serum IgG levels and BUN levels, and showed significant increase in the serum albumin levels compared with the control group. BYMSB showed increase in the increasing percentage of body weight and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels compared with the control. BYMSB showed decrease in the CD3+ T cells, CD4+ Th cells, IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 levels, but did not show significant change compared with the control. BYMSB showed considerable decrease in the thickening of the GBM on H&E staining, deposition of IgG on immunofluorescence staining and deposition of electron-density on electron microscopy of kidney compared with the control. Conclusions: According to the above results, it is suggested that BYMSB decreases the symptoms of MN induced by cBSA in a mouse model. Therefore BYMSB seems to be applicable to MN in clinical practice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.273-280
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• 2004

Nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to act as a mediator of cytokine-induced effects of turn over of bone. Activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by inflammation has been related with apoptotic cell death in osteoblast. YS 49, a synthetic isoquinoline alkaloid, inhibits NO production in macrophages activated with cytokines. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of YS 49 to inhibit iNOS expression in ROS 17/2.8 cells, which were activated with combined treatment of inflammatory cytokines $(TNF-{\alpha},\;IFN-{\gamma})$ and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results indicated that YS 49 concentration-dependently reduced iNOS mRNA and protein expression, as evidenced by Northern and Western blot analysis, respectively. The underlying mechanism by which YS 49 suppressed iNOS expression was not to affect iNOS mRNA stability but to inhibit activation and translocation of $NF-_kB$ by preventing the degradation of its inhibitory protein $I_kB_{\alpha}$. As expected, YS 49 prevented NO-induced apoptotic cell death by sodium nitroprusside. Taken together, it is concluded that YS 49 inhibits iNOS expression by interfering with degradation of phosphorylated inhibitory $_kB_{\alpha}\;(p-I_kB_{\alpha})$. These actions may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammation of the joint, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

강낭콩을 가열한 후 B. subtilis ATCC 51189로 발효시켜 새로운 활성 단백질의 생성여부를 확인하였다. 생강낭콩의 수용성 단백질은 열처리에 의하여 감소하였으며, 발효과정에서 단백질의 양은 변화하지 않았으나, 새로운 아미노산이 합성되었다. 생강낭콩의 수용성 단백질(raw protein, RP)은 분자량 118 kDa의 PHA(phytohemagglutinin)의 전형적인 모습을 보였으나, 열처리한 단백질(heated protein, HP)의 경우, RP의 band는 사라지고, 저분자 peptide로 변화되었으며, 발효과정에 의하여 분자량 18.0 kDa의 새로운 단백질(fermented protein, FP)이 생성된 것을 확인하였다. 또한, RP는 128 HU, HP는 4HU, FP는 32HU의 적혈구응집효과를 보였으며, 위암세포(SNU-1)에 대하여 RP 및 FP는 비교적 높은 농도($IC_{50}$/ $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL)에서 항암활성을 보였다. 그리고, RP 및 FP의 경우 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL에서 림프구 증식효과를 보였고, IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-12의 분비를 촉진하였다. 그러나 HP는 항암효과, 림프구 증식효과, cytokine의 분비촉진효과를 보이지 않았다. 따라서, 강낭콩 lectin은 가열에 의하여 활성물질이 파괴되나, B. subtilis에 의한 발효과정에서 새로운 cytokine 분비촉진물질이 생성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.278-286
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• 2004

Arabinoxylane과 PSP는 농도 의존적으로 비장세포의 증식과 IFN-${\gamma}$ 생산을 유도하였으며 특히, PSP는 IL-2, IL-4, IL-10의 생산도 유도하였다. 그리고, 항체생산 세포수를 나타내는 PFC은 11∼14%, 활성화된 T세포수를 나타내는 RFC은 9∼30% 증가하였다. Arabinoxylane은 T세포의 증식을 유도하지 못하였지만, PSP는 높은 농도에서 T세포의 증식반응을 유도하였다 Arabinofylane과 PSP는 비장세포에서 분리한 B세포의 증식을 유도하였고, 대식세포의 탐식능은약 20∼22%정도 증가하였다. 그리고, 농도 의존적으로 대식세포의 일산화질소 생산을 유도하였으며, TNF-$\alpha$와 IL-6의 생산을 현저하게 유도하였다. 특히, PSP는IL-1$\beta$의 생산도 유도하였다. 또한, 대식세포 표면의 주조직적합 복합체II(MHC Class II)의 발현을 유도하였다. 이상의 결과로 arabinoxylane과 PSP는 면역반응에 관여하는 T세포, B세포 그리고 대식 세포의 다양한 활성을 유도하는 효과가 있는 것으로 생각되어 면역기능을 강화하는 소재와, 노약자나 회복기 환자 등을 위한 특수 식이용 소재로서 사용이 가능한 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.828-836
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• 2012

일반적인 버섯 배지(미강 10%), 폐 한방슬러지를 10% 첨가한 배지, 그리고 미강 10%와 폐 한방슬러지 10%를 혼합한 배지에서 재배한 팽이버섯의 면역기능 강화효과를 알아보기 위해 물 추출물과 에탄올 추출물로 분리하여 실험하였다. 그 중 폐 한방슬러지 10%를 첨가한 배지에서 재배한 팽이버섯의 에탄올 추출물을 첨가하였을 때, 비장세포의 증식을 크게 유도하였으며 또한 IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$ 분비를 유도하였다. 그리고 B세포의 증식반응과 면역글로불린 생산도 증가하였으며, 대식세포주의 일산화질소 분비와 IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, GM-CSF 생산도 증가하였다. 또한 복수암 유발 종양세포를 이용한 항종양 효과를 측정 한 결과 대조군의 평균 21.1일보다 실험군은 24.5일로 16.1%의 수명 연장효과가 나타났다. 따라서 폐 한방슬러지를 이용하면 수입에 의존하고 있는 버섯 재배 배지 원료를 절약할 수 있으며 면역세포조절 기능을 강화시키는 기능성 버섯을 얻을 수 있다고 생각한다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2010

Purpose : To investigate the effects of the lavender, lemon and eucalyptus oil mixture on the atopy dermatitis skin lesions induced on NC/Nga Mice by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Material and Method : For this purpose, we fabricated the oil mixture blending three essential oils (lavender, lemon, eucalyptus : ELL) with one carrier oil (jojoba) and apply it on the atopic dermatitis skin lesions of NC/Nga Mice. Atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice was induced by DNCB treatment on the dorsal skin of mice for 8 weeks. The mixture of ratio of each essential oil drop was 1 (eucalyptus) : 2 (lemon) : 2 (lavender) and this mixture was blended with jojoba oil 50ml (0.025%). The ELL-ointment was supplied for 8 weeks. We evaluated the effects of ELL on cell viability of mouse lung fibroblast, clinical skin features and severity, the level of serum Immunoglobulin (Ig) E & Ig G1, Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13 and Interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$. Results : ELL showed safety on the cell viability of mouse lung fibroblast compared with control group. The cell viability was measured by SRB method. The effects of ELL on clinical skin features and severity in DNCB-induced dermatitis model of NC/Nga mice was significant compared with control group. EEL also showed significant effects on clinical symptom score compared with control group. Serum IgE & IgG1 level and development of atopy dermatitis skin lesions were evaluated. Serum IgE & IgG1 production was significantly down-regulated in EEL group compared with control group. ELL also down-regulated the levels of IL-4 and IL-13, and up-regulated the level of IFN-$\gamma$ compared with control group significantly. Conclusion : ELL was effective on atopy dermatitis by modulating Th2 related factors.