• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1776-1782
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• 2010

This research was done to verify the effect of Ecklonia cava water extracts (ECWE) on inhibition of allergic reactions using ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized food allergy mouse model. For in vitro test, $10\sim100{\mu}g$/mL of ECWE and OVA were added to splenocytes obtained from OVA-immunized mice. The significant reduction of IgE antibody level in culture supernatants of splenocytes was shown in ECWE adding group at all tested concentrations. In addition, ECWE decreased IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ levels in supernatants of splenocytes. To confirm the effect of ECWE in in vivo test, ECWE was injected to peritoneal cavity of OVA-immunized mice. Subsequently, IgE level was measured in serum and cultured supernatants of splenocytes. As a result, the injection of ECWE (5 and 10 mg/kg BW) significantly attenuated the secretion of IgE antibody in both serum and splenocytes. In conclusion, the present study indicates that ECWE could suppress in a food allergy mouse model through the inhibition of IgE secretion.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.352-360
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• 2014

We evaluated the growth performance, biochemical characteristics, and immune responses in weaning pigs given a diet containing MR-1 (0.2%/feed) or antibiotics (0.1%/feed) for 45 days. In vitro study showed that MR-1 has antibacterial activity against a variety of strains of pathogenic bacteria, especially a strain of cattle-derived Escherichia coli K99 (E. coli K99) by agar diffusion assay. In the in vivo model, 0.2% MR-1-given group clearly ameliorated the weight gain and feed efficiency in the growth performance of weaning pigs compared to the basal diet group (p<0.05). Additionally, 0.2% MR-1 induced an elevation in the levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and showed a similar pattern ($TNF{\alpha}$ and $IFN{\gamma}$ production) to the antibiotic treated pigs. Taken together, we suggest that 0.2% MR-1 makes probiotics an alternative to antibiotics in weaning pigs.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.482-489
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• 2012

Effect of Trichosanthes kirilowii extract on the inflammatory responsse was investigated in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated broiler chickens. Plasma ceruloplasmin and ${\alpha}$-acidic protein concentrations of all the experiment groups were increased at 3, 9 and 24h after LPS treatment. Plasma ceruloplasmin and ${\alpha}$-acidic protein concentrations of Trichosanthes kirilowii extract groups were lower than those of control group. Plasma nitrogen oxide concentration of all the experiment groups was rapidly increased at 3h after LPS treatment. However, plasma nitrogen oxide concentration was decreased at 3 and 9h after LPS treatment with increasing amount of Trichosanthes kirilowii extract added. Liver IL-2 mRNA concentration of all the experiment groups was rapidly increased at 2h after LPS treatment, and then gradually decreased to the level similar to that before LPS treatment at 9h after LPS treatment. Liver IL-2 mRNA concentration of Trichosanthes kirilowii extract groups were lower than that of control group. Spleen IL-2 mRNA concentration was the highest at 4h after LPS treatment in all the experiment groups. Spleen IL-2 mRNA concentration of 0.2 and 0.3% Trichosanthes kirilowii extract groups were higher than that of 0.1% Trichosanthes kirilowii extract group and control group at 3 and 4h after LPS treatment. Liver and spleen IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA concentrations were increased at 2 and 3h after LPS treatment, decreased at 4h after LPS treatment, and then reached to the level similar to that before LPS treatment at 9h after LPS treatment. Liver and spleen IFN-${\gamma}$ mRNA concentrations of Trichosanthes kirilowii extract group were lower than those of control group at 2h and 3h after LPS treatment. Liver and spleen iNOS mRNA concentrations were the highest at 3h after LPS treatment, and then decreased to the level similar to that before LPS treatment at 9h after LPS treatment. Liver and spleen iNOS mRNA concentrations of Trichosanthes kirilowii extract groups were lower than those of control group at 2, 3 and 4h after LPS treatment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1955-1964
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• 2007

A recent report showed that analysis of CD154 expression in the presence of the secretion inhibitor Brefeldin A (Bref A) could be used to assess the entire repertoire of antigen-specific $CD4^+\;T$ helper cells. However, the capacity of intracellular CD154 expression to identify antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells has yet to be investigated. In this study, we compared the ability of intracellular CD154 expression to assess antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells with that of accepted standard assays, namely intracellular cytokine IFN-${\gamma}$ staining (ICS) and MHC class I tetramer staining. The detection of intracellular CD154 molecules in the presence of Bref A reflected the kinetic trend of antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cell number, but unfortunately showed less sensitivity than ICS and tetramer staining. However, ICS levels peaked and saturated 8 h after antigenic stimulation in the presence of Bref A and then declined, whereas intracellular CD154 expression peaked by 8 h and maintained the saturated level up to 24 h post-stimulation. Moreover, intracellular CD154 expression in antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells developed in the absence of $CD4^+\;T$ cells changed little, whereas the number of IFN-${\gamma}$-producing $CD8^+\;T$ cells decreased abruptly. These results suggest that intracellular CD154 could aid the assessment of antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells, but does not have as much ability to identify heterogeneous $CD4^+\;T$ helper cells. Therefore, the combined analytical techniques of ICS and tetramer staining together with intracellular CD154 assays may be able to provide useful information on the accurate phenotype and functionality of antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1083-1099
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• 2008

Objective : We aimed to identify the effects of Bogimakseong-bang(BGMSB) treatment on cBSA-induced MN in a mouse model. Methods : We divided 20 mice into 4 groups. The normal group (NR) had no treatment. We used cBSA to induced MN to the other 3 groups. One group (CT) was treated with cBSA (7mg/kg i.p) only. The second (BG-250) was treated with cBSA (7mg/kg i.p) and BGMSB extract (250mg/kg, p.o). The third group (BG-500) was treated with cBSA(7mg/kg i.p) and BGMSB extract (500mg/kg, p.o). After cBSA and BGMSB extract treatment for 4 weeks, proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, serum creatinine, BUN, total nucleated spleen cell number and total infiltrated kidney cell number of all groups were measured. CD3e+/CD19+ and CD4+/CD8 cells ratio of peripheral blood, kidney and spleen of all groups were analyzed. $IL-1{\beta}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, IgG, IgM, and $IFN-{\gamma}$ levels of all groups were gauged. Histological analysis of kidney tissue and immunohistochemical staining (CD4 CD8) of kidneys were observed. Results : Proteinuria significantly decreased and serum albumin increased in groups treated with cBSA and BGMSB extract compared with the control. Total cholesterol decreased but not significantly. CD3e+/CD19cells ratio of peripheral blood decreased. CD3e+/CD19+ and CD4+/CD8 cells percentage of kidney and spleen showed no significant change. Level of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 significantly decreased. and $IFN-{\gamma}$ increased but has not significantly. Concentration of IgG and IgM significantly decreased compared with control. Thickness of GBM decreased on histological analysis of kidney. Deposition of CD4 and CD8 decreased on immunohistochemical staining of kidney. Conclusions : According to the above result, BGMSB had a significant effect for treating MN which is cBSA-induced.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.40-60
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• 2012

Objectives: The object of this study was to observe antitumor, anticachexia and immunomodulatory effects of Shipyeukmiyeugi-eum(SYM) on human breast cancer cell, MCF-7, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Methods: Three different dosages of SYM-125, 250 and 500 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation, and the changes on the body weights, tumor volume and weights, weights of spleen and popliteal lymph node and epididymal fat, serum IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ levels, NK cell and peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were observed. In addition, histopathological observations of apoptotic cell, spleen, popliteal lymph node and cervical brown adipose were also detected. The results were compared with a potent cytotoxic estrogen receptor antagonist, Tamoxifen 20 mg/kg treated mice. Results: Tumor volumes and weights were decreased without cytotoxic effects on the both MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells as results of all three different dosages of SYM treatment. And weights of body, spleen, popliteal lymph node, epididymal fat, serum IFN-${\gamma}$, NK cell, peritoneal macrophage activities, splenic TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-10 contents were increased with decrease of serum IL-6. At histopathological observations, apoptotic tumor cells, spleen, popliteal lymph node and cervical brown adipose tissue were increased. That means tumor-related immunosuppress and cachexia were markedly inhibited by SYM treatment as compared with tumor-bearing mice. On the other hand, Tamoxifen showed marked cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 and MCF-10A, decreases of tumor volume and weights, and increases of apoptotic tumor cells and related decreases of tumor cell volumes, but tamoxifen markedly deteriorated the tumor-related immune-suppress and cachexia. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study suggest that SYM showed favorable anticancer effects and anticachexic effects on the MCF-7 cell xenograft through immunomodulatory effects. SYM did not induce any cytotoxic effects against both normal and cancer cells.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.36-53
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of DOGO phreatic water containing sulphur on Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga mouse. Methods : We made DOGO phreatic water removed sulphur using Twin Alternating Sulfate Eater. After making atopic dermatitis caused by sensitizing NC/Nga mouse to DNCB(dinitrochlorobenzene), we made mouse swim in tanks each filled with distilled water, tap water, DOGO phreatic water(contain sulphur), DOGO phreatic water(remove sulphur) for 30minutes everyday. 3weeks later, we analyzed skin clinical score, total IgE levels(by ELISA), WBC differential counting(Neutrophils, Monocytes), absolute cell number of $Neutrophil^+Gr-1^+$, CCR3 mRNA expressions(by Real-time PCR), IL-4, IFN-${\gamma}$ production levels(by ELISA), histologic test(by H&E staining, toluidine blue staining). Results : The results of making NC/Nga mouse induced atopic dermatitis swim in tanks filled with DOGO phreatic water(contain sulphur) are as follows. 1. Skin clinical scores were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 2. Total IgG levels were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 3. WBC differential counting(Neutrophils, Monocytes) were decreased significantly in c.mparison to control group. 4. Absolute cell number of $Neutrophil^+Gr-1^+$ were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 5. CCR3 mRNA expressions were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 6. IL-4, IFN-${\gamma}$ production levels were decreased significantly in comparison to control group. 7. The epithelial tissue thickness, leucocytes infiltration, erythema, edema, excoriation, scaling, mast cells infiltrations in dorsal skin were decreased in comparison to control group. Conclusions : These results indicate that DOGO phreatic water(contain sulphur) can be used for helping treat atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.33-49
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to elucidate the anti-pathogenetic and curative effects of Gyehyeoldeungbokhap-bang(Jixietengfuge-fang, GCP) on Type II collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) in mice. Methods : In experiment, twenty four mices were divided into non-treated normal group(n=6), bovine type II collagen-induced control group(n=6), collagen immunized and treated two group medicated with extract of GCP(concentration of extraction: 200 mg/kg n=6, 400 mg/kg n=6) for 4 weeks after collagen immunization, Various experimental such as arthritis, incidence, index, total cell number of spleen, total cell number of peripheral lymph node(PLN), paw joint total cell number, analysis on the percentage of immunofluorescent cells of spleen in CIA induced mice, effects of inflammatory gene expression in spleen, PLN and paw joint of CIA mice, production of cytokine(IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6), analysis of rheumatoid factor(anti-collagen lgG, lgM level in serum) and histopathological study on the paw joint. The arthritis index, incidence were measured a week over 4 weeks after second boosting. Total cell number of spleen, peripheral lymph node, paw joint were measure after performed experiment over 7 weeks. Concentration of cytokine and rheumatoid factor in serum were measured after experiment finished. Histopathological study on the paw joint was measured after 40 days medicated with extract of GCP. Results : 1. Incidence of arthritis and index of arthritis were significantly decreased in treated group with 400 mg/kg. 2. Total cell number of spleen, PLN and paw joint were significantly decreased in treated group. 3. Analysis on the percentage of immunofluorescent cells of spleen in CIA induced mice were significantly controled compare with control group. 4. Effects of inflammatory gene expression in spleen, PLN and paw joint of CIA induced mice were significantly controled compare with control group. 5. IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$, concentration($pg/m{\ell}$) in serum of treated group was significantly decreased compare with control group. But IL-4 was significantly increased. 6. lgM and lgG concentration($pg/m{\ell}$) in serum of treated group was significantly decreased compare with control group. 7. Histopathologically, suppurative and destructive lesion of synovial membrane, articular cartilage and subchondral bony tissue in treated group were alleviated compare with those of control group. Conclusions : Based on the results described above, it might be consider that Gyehyeoldeungbokhap-bang(Jixietengfuge-fang, GCP) has antiarthritic and analgesic effects and also inhibitory effects on the progression of collagen-induced arthritis mice.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.86-95
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• 2013

Objectives: Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high fat diet, and atherogenic changes were seen in the aorta. However, when Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a high fat diet and administered Youngyopaedoc-san together, these atherogenic changes were rarely seen. This study was aimed to find the inflammatory marker level changes in Sprague-Dawley rats with Youngyopaedoc-san-related anti-atherogenic effect. Methods: The extract from Youngyopaedoc-san was made by the pharmacy department of Kyung-hee Oriental Medical Hospital. The animals were divided into five groups: normal diet, high fat diet, high fat diet with Youngyopaedoc-san, high fat diet with Vytorin, and high fat diet with Youngyopaedoc-san and Vytorin. A light microscopic image of a cross section taken from the aorta of the Sprague-Dawley rat was analyzed. We compared inflammatory marker levels among the five groups. Results: The complex of Youngyopaedoc-san and Vytorin has more anti-atherogenic effects in the aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats fed with high fat diet than Vytorin alone. Youngyopaedoc-san has inhibitory effect on the increase of IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-2 levels. The difference on eosinophil levels of each group was statistically significant, but the eosinophil level of each group was within normal limits, so the difference on eosinophil levels was not clinically significant. Conclusions: Youngyopaedoc-san-related anti-atherogenic effect could be a result of inhibitory mechanism on IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-2.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.439-444
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• 2017

The ability of nematodes to manipulate the immune system of their host towards a Th2 and T regulatory responses has been proposed to suppress the inflammatory response. Clinical trials have proposed a useful effect of helminth infections on improvement of inflammatory disorders. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of Syphacia obvelata infection to induce intestinal tolerance in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were infected through the cagemates with self-infected BALB/c mice. Four weeks post-infection, expression levels of $IFN-{\gamma}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-17, and IL-10 were assessed in the supernatant of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) culture. $Foxp3^+Treg$ were measured in MLN cells by flow cytometry. In the S. obvelata-infected group, the percentage of Tregs ($5.2{\pm}0.4$) was significantly higher than the control ($3.6{\pm}0.5$) (P<0.05). The levels of IL-10 ($55.3{\pm}2.2$ vs $35.2{\pm}3.2$), IL-17 ($52.9{\pm}3.8$ vs $41{\pm}1.8$), $IFN-{\gamma}$ ($44.8{\pm}4.8$ vs $22.3{\pm}2.3$) and $TNF-{\alpha}$ ($71.1{\pm}5.8$ vs $60.1{\pm}3.3$) were significantly increased in infected mice compared to the control group (P<0.05). The above results showed the potential effects of S. obvelata to induce intestinal tolerance. Therefore, it seems that S. obvelata may increase the immunological suppressive function in the intestinal tract.