• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.39-41
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• 2019

In the indeterminate chronic period of Chagas disease (ChD) the treatment has not been conclusive, because the serological negativization requires many years. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of nifurtimox (NF) in the treatment of chronic ChD in prolonged follow-up by serological techniques of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) IgG comparing 2 groups of patients, treated and non treated. Mann-Whitney test was performed for ELISA and IFA, with significant difference between the groups (P<0.05). IgG levels were lower in individuals treated compared with untreated patients, indicating chemotherapeutic efficacy in prolonged follow-up.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 1995

An indirect immunofluorescent antibody test was applied to survey the antibody prevalence on five canine viruses including canine distempervirus(CDV), canine parvovirus(CPV), canine coronavirus(CCV), canine adenovirus type-2(CAV-2), canine parainfluenzavirus(CPIV) in dogs. The period studied was from October 1992 to June 1993. A total of 80 dog sera was collected from veterinary clinics in Kwangju and Seoul, and examined for the presence of virus antibodies. Immunofluorescent antibodies(IFA) to all viruses were present in a high percentage of 80 sera tested. Seventyfive(93.8%) showed detectable IFA against CPV, 67(83.8%) against CDV, 51(63.8%) against CCV, 42(52.5%) against CPIV and 34(42.5%) against CAV-2. These suggested that all viruses were endemic in the communities. IFA levels against each virus were also distributed fairly irregularly. IFAs for CDV and CPV were detected more frequently with a relatively high incidence in vaccinated group less than 1 years of age. IFAs for CAV-2 were detected more frequently with growing age. In the correlation of clinical signs and antibody prevalence, dogs that showed hematochezia and vomiting had high titers in the positive sera is noteworthy, particularly for CDV and CPV. The significance between dogs those who had diarrhea, dyspnea and salivation and those viruses were obscure.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.375-381
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• 1997

The purpose of the production of monoclonal antibodies aganist the Canine distemper virus(CDV) were perfect diagnosis and a new approach to treat canine distemper because the diagnosis and treatment of canine distemper were difficult. Canine distemper virus(CDV) was purified using saturated ammonium sulfate, and injected into hind footpads of BALB/c mouse. 12-15 days later, popliteal lymph node(PN) cells were harvested and fused with SP2/O myeloma cells. Characteristics of monoclonal antibodies were analysed. 1. 9 hybridomas produce the specific antibody against CDV. 2. 6 monoclonal antibodies are against intranuclear and cytoplasmic component of CDV, and 3 monoclonal antibodies are against cytoplasmic inclusions. 3. All monoclonal antibodies did not react with other 5 different viruses (CAV-I, CAV-II, CCV, CPV and CPIV) and react with another CDV-FXNO strain. 4. 3 monoclonal antibodies have neutralizing activity against CDV. 5. Antigenic difference was observed between CDV by IFA.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.189-194
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• 1997

The life cycle of Theileria sergenti(T sergenti) in cattle, especially Korean native cattle, was not proved clearly. To find schizont stage in the life cycle of T sergenti in Korean cattle, T sergenti schizonts in the cells of parotid lymph nodes from 10 adult Korean cattle were examined. Lymphoid cells which were separated from these lymph nodes were cytocentrifuged to observe the parasites in the cells. T sergenti schizonts were detected in the cells of lymph nodes of 6 cattle out of them by IFA(Indirect Fluorescent Antibody) test and Giemsa stain. By peroxidase stain, the cells which contain schizonts were proved lymphoid cells. T sergenti schizonts identified by IFA test were able to be restained by Giemsa stain. Also, merozoites were observed in peripheral blood of the same 6 cattle that had schizonts, by giemsa stain, but not observed in the 4 cattle that had not been detected schizonts. As a part of life cycle of T sergenti, schizonts were observed in the lymphoid cells of Korean cattle.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.925-934
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• 1997

This study was directed at inducing the production of antibodies by immunizing heifers with bovine sperm antigen and on measuring the serum antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA) and agglutination test. The effect of antisperm antibodies on fertilizing capacity of bovine spermatozoa was evaluated. 1. Three heifers between 12- and 15- month old were immunized with bovine spermatozoa or phosphate-buffered saline. In heifers immunized with bovine spermatozoa serum IgG level was highest between 3 weeks and 5 weeks postimmunization detected by IFA. The antibody levels persisted through week 7 and slowly declined until week 20 and then antisperm antibodies were localized on spermatozoa. The fluorescent antisperm antibodies were detected at 2~20 weeks and at 6~9 weeks postinoculation on acrosome and tail, respectively. Among 21 sera from repeat breeder cows, only one cow has shown positive antisperm antibody response detected by IFA. 2. In spite of vital rate of bovine sperm after swim-up was not significantly affected by different concentration of antisperm antibodies in sera, the numbers of bovine sperm after swim-up were significantly reduced in proportion to the increased concentration of antibodies. Above 1/512 dilution of antibody neither influence on vital rate and numbers of bovine sperm nor sperm agglutination after swim-up. The study has also shown that the vital rate and number of sperm after swim-up and capacitation were also significantly reduced by the addition of antisperm antibodies. Although antisperm antibodies did not influence on the acrosome reaction rate of sperm during swim-up, did significantly reduce the sperm acrosome reaction rate after capacitation. The studies have resulted that the bovine antisperm antibodies can prevent the sperm motility by agglutination and block the capacitation and acrosome reaction of bovine sperm.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.443-447
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• 2014

Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne disease in humans worldwide; however, little is known about the frequency of infection or prevalence of this disease in other parts of the world, excluding North America. In this study, we aimed to investigate Babesia microti infection frequency in a human population in Mongolia. One hundred blood samples were collected from stock farmers living in Khutul city of Selenge province, Mongolia. The sera and DNA from blood samples were evaluated for the presence of B. microti infection by using indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) tests and PCR. The positive detection rates obtained using the IFA tests and PCR assays were 7% and 3%, respectively. This study is the first to detect of B. microti infections based on antibody seroprevalence or PCR assays for the presence of B. microti DNA in a Mongolian population.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 1999

Isolation of PRRSV was attempted from 646 swine sera collected from swine farms. The MARC-145 cell, which is highly permissive to PRRSV, was used for virus isolation, propagation, IFA test, and VN test. Total 36 cytopathic viruses to MARC-145 cells were isolated. The virus isolates were identified as a PRRSV by the IFA test and VN test using the reference sera prepared by experimental infection of reference PRRSV CNV-1 into 30 day-old pig. In addition to serological conformation, ORF5 of genomic RNA of 6 selected cytopathic viruses were amplified by the RT-PCR. The resulting PCR products were examined by electrophoresis in 1.2% agarose gel. An appropriate bands of about 680bp including the flanking sequence of total 80bp were seen on agarose gel.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2001

Five pigs industry with outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis(TGE) in Gyeongbuk province were investigated during the period from January to December 2000. The typical signs of TGE in piglets had transient vomiting and a watery yellowish diarrhea, rapid loss of weight, dehydration and high mortality in pigs under 2 weeks of age. Clinical signs of TGE in growing and finishing pigs and sows were usually limited to inappetence and diarrhea for one or a few days, with vomiting observed in an occasional animal. The detection of TGE viral antigen in epithelial cells of the small intestine had been used in indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA) for diagnosing TGE in young pigs. WかR had been successfully used to detect the DNA derived from TGEV in specimen of intestinal swabs. Among 5 pigs industry, four showed typical signs of epizootic TGE and one progressing enzootic TGE. It was 22～53 days that the duration of initial clinical disease in TGE outbreaks of pigs investigated in Gyeongbuk province in 2000. However the duration related directly to herd size. Mortality of piglets under 2 weeks of age for duration was 53.2～88.2%, but that of piglets 2～5 weeks of age was 2.5～6.5%. The piglets of 1 weeks of age died mostly during duration of TGE, but varied considerably with husbandry and other environmental factors.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2000

Epidemic malaria is prevalent in the demilitarized zone and the northern area of Kyonggi province in Korea. Malaria has broken out in Gangwha-Gun since 1997 due to geographical condition. The results obtained from an epidemiological surveillance for the malaria that happened in 1999 were as follows ; Anopheles sinensis collected in UV-light traps in the barn in Wolgogri and Dangsanri of Songhaemyon showed the distribution of 27,156 of 49,280 figures, corresponding to 55.1%, between July and August. The numbers of patients with malaria were 48(32.4%) in July, 36(24.3%) in August, and 38(25.7%) in September with a prevalence with the ages of the twenties to the seventies. Of a total 154 patients, the male were 86(58.1%) and the female were 68(41.8%). The annual parasite index(API) were 6.44, 5.89 and 4.45 in Songhaemyon, Yangsamyon and Kyodongmyon, respectively. A high infection rate was found Particularly in the areas within 2km from the Han river. By the immunofluorescence assays(IFA), 26 cases were positive with an antibody titers of $\geq$ 1 : 32, of 220 residents in Songhaemyon and 336 ones with a potential case and contacted with the patients. By the blood test, there was no significance in alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, glucose, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell, red blood cell, and platelet between residents with an antibody titers of $\geq$ 1 : 32 and < 1 : 32 in Songhaemyon.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 1997

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus infection (PRRSV) was confirmed by serology histopathology immunohistochemistry and bacteriologic examination in young pigs. Four suckling and six weaned piglets submitted from three different farms showed coughing sneezing labored rapid abdominal respiration lethargy and anorexia. Grossly apical and cardiac lung lobes appeared mottled with pale to dark tan discoloration. Submandibular and bronchial lymph nodes were tan and enlarged. All piglets were seropositive for PRRSV antibodies by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody(IFA) test. Microscopically lung lesions were characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of type 2 pneumocytes infiltration of mononuclear cells in alveolar intersitium accumulation of necrotic debris in alveolar spaces accompanied by proliferation of alveolar multinucleated syncytial cells. Using immunohistochemical technique PRRSV antigens were demonstrated in alveolar macrophages and type 2 pneumocytes in histologic lung tissue sections. Also PRRSV antigens were detected in brain lymph nodes spleen and heart. Additionally piglets showed nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis mandibular necrotic lymphadenopathy splenic atrophy and myocardial necrosis.