• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.842-851
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• 2014

High efficiency standards are slowly being introduced with IE3 efficiency levels shortly becoming compulsory in many countries; IE4 efficiency levels being developed for future implementation. In this paper a review is carried out of the IE 60034-30 standard which covers standard line-start induction motors. Some design techniques that can be used to increase efficiency in order to meet the IE4 standards are discussed. This standard is now being replaced by the IE60034-30-1 standard which extends to other line start motors and also IE 60034-30-2 is being introduced to cover variable speed drives in order to address developing technology. The conclusion is that IE4 standards are obtainable but careful design is needed to reach this. Examples from the literature are given.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.995-1000
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• 2016

Minimum Energy Performance Standard(MEPS) has been adapted in Korea since 2008. For at least 37 kW, IE3 efficiency class motors are now mandatory in Korea. IE4 level regulation is expected in a few years. Foreign companies are already selling IE4 class motors in the market, and the discussions on IE5 have already started. The efficiency standard of variable speed motors is scheduled for publication shortly. Recently, discussions are now beginning to prepare for IE5 in Korea. In this paper, author reviews the policies associated with a high efficent electric motors by reference to both domestic and international standards, and reviews the research direction to prepare for IE5.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.355-369
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• 2004

The equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) immediate-early (IE) protein is a potent transactivator responsible for the activation of both early and late genes during the course of infection and is comprised of discrete functional domains that mediate its many functions. Interaction between trans activators such as the IE protein and various components of the RNA polymerase II transcription initiation machinery has been demonstrated to be critical for transactivation. In the present report, it is addressed the hypothesis that the IE protein interacts with various components of transcription machinery to mediate transactivation of target viral genes. In these studies, it is demonstrated that in vitro transcribed and translated IE protein interacts with TFIIB-agarose conjugate but not with TFIID-agarose conjugate. Additional immunoprecipitation studies using nuclear extracts derived from EHV-1 infected RK-13 cells confirmed that the IE protein interacts strongly with TFIIB, but fails to interact with TFIID. IR2, a truncated form of the IE protein lacking the potent transactivation domain and involved in the down-regulation of the IE gene, also interacted with TFIIB but not with TFIID. Studies were also performed to ascertain if particular TBP-associated factors (TAFs) could mediate IE or IR2 binding to TFIID. In vitro transcribed and translated TAF250 added to nuclear extracts generated from EHV-1 infected cells also failed to mediate an interaction between the IE protein or the IR2 protein and TFIID. This study demonstrated that the IE protein mediates transactivation of target viral genes by a mechanism that involves TFIIB. This is in contrast to mechanisms that have been proposed for both the herpes simplex virus ICP4 and VP16 protein which have been proposed to transactivate viral genes through interactions involving both TFIIB and TFIID. This study also intimates that IR2 mediate its repressive effects during the course of EHV-1 infection by a mechanism that involves sequestration of various transcription factors.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.237-249
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• 2013

Ultra-pure water (UPW), a highly treated water free of colloidal material and of a conductivity less than 0.06 ${\mu}S$, is an essential component required by modern industry. One of the methods for UPW production is the electrodialysis-ion exchange (ED/IE) system, in which the electrodialysis (ED) process is used as a preliminary demineralization step. The IE step can be replaced with electrodeionization (EDI) to decrease the volume of post-regeneration lyes. In this paper, the electrodialysis process carried out to relatively low diluate conductivity was investigated and the costs of UPW production were calculated. The optimal value of desalination degree by ED in the ED/IE and ED/EDI systems was estimated. UPW unit costs for integrated ED/IE and ED/EDI systems were compared to simple ion exchange and other methods for UPW production (RO-IE, RO-EDI). The minimal UPW unit costs in ED/EDI integrated system were estimated as $0.37/$m^3$ for feed TDS 600 mg/L and $0.36/$m^3$ for feed TDS 400 mg/L at 64 $m^3/h$ capacity, which was lower than in the comparable ED/IE integrated system ($0.42-0.44/$m^3$). The presented results suggest that an ED/EDI integrated system may be economically viable.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2007

Open reading frame 4 of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), designated as Bm4, is a gene whose function is completely unknown. With the recently developed BmNPV bacmid and a modified pFastBac1 whose polyhedrin promoter was replaced with ie1 promoter, a recombinant bacmid expressing Bm4-EGFP fusion protein under the control of ie1 promoter in BmN cells was successfully constructed. The result not only showed that the polyhedrin promoter can be replaced efficiently with other promoters to direct the expression of foreign gene in BmN cells by using Bac-to-Bac/BmNPV baculovirus expression system but also laid the foundation for rescue experiment of Bm4 deletion mutant due to the ability of ie1 promoter to direct gene expression throughout the infection cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.35-40
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• 2015

In accordance with global energy conservation policies such as MEPS (Minimum Energy Performance Standard), electric motor industry is moving to super-high-efficiency machines and research to develop IE4 (International Energy Efficiency Class 4) motors has been launched. In this situation, SynRM (Synchronous Reluctance Motor) has been attracting attention in place of induction motor which hardly provides super premium efficiency. As a result, much research on SynRM is being performed at home and abroad. Also, some products have already been appearing in the market. Compared to induction motor, SynRM has better efficiency per unit area and wider operating range. Although the utilization of control system in synchronous motor results in higher prices, we still need to concentrate on developments of SynRM so as to comply with the new policies. This study demonstrated the electromagnetic design methods of super premium SynRM while maintaining the frame of existing IE3 induction motor. We documented the design procedures for generating high saliency which is the most essential and mechanical stress anlaysis is also treated. In conclusion, we proved the validity of our design by manufacturing and testing our 3 models.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.333-346
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• 2002

We previously reported that the equine herpesvirus type 1(EHV-1) immediate-early protein(IE protein) physically interacts with the general transcription factor human TFIIB(Jang et al, J Virol 75：10219-10230, 2001). The interaction between the IE protein and TFIIB is necessary for the IE protein to efficiently transactivate the early TK and late IR5 EHV-1 promoters. A panel of deletion and truncation mutants of the TFIIB gene was constructed and employed in protein-binding assays to map the IE protein-binding domain within TFIIB. Evidence is presented that the first direct repeat of TFIIB interacts specifically with the EHV-1 IE protein.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.8 no.spc1
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• pp.525-554
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to seek out the problems influencing on the operation of Institution Evaluation(IE) in Korea and suggest a better way for the evaluation based on the findings, expecially focusing on Government Research Institute(GRIs) in the field of Science and Technology. Unlike previous studies on IE of GRIs, this research is more oriented toward actual practices than design and theories of IE. Three categories are 1) purely system aspect, 2) system-operation aspect, and 3) environmental aspect. These three categories are classified into eight sub-categories: 1) the legal support and the legally enforceable provision, 2) the target area of evaluation, 3) the means and process of evaluation, 4) the criteria and indices for evaluation, 5) the expertise of evaluators, 6) the use of evaluation findings, 7) GRIs' support for IE, and 8) public support for IE. Summing up the findings of this study, the main factors that hamper the successful operation of the existing IE of GRIs in the field of Science and Technology was illuminated and the better way for the operation of IE was suggested.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.411-418
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• 2016

In accordance with global energy conservation policies such as MEPS(Minimum Energy Performance Standard), electric motor industry is moving to super-high-efficiency machines and research to develop IE4 (International Energy Efficiency Class4) motors has been launched. In this situation, SynRM (Synchronous Reluctance Motor) has been attracting attention in place of induction motor which hardly provides super premium efficiency. As a result, much research on SynRM is being performed at home and abroad. Also, some products have already been appearing in the market. Compared to induction motor, SynRM has better efficiency per unit area and wider operating range. Although the utilization of control system in synchronous motor results in higher prices, we still need to concentrate on developments of SynRM so as to comply with the new policies. This study demonstrated the electromagnetic design methods of super-premium SynRM while maintaining the frame of existing IE3 induction motor for blower. We documented the design procedures for generating high saliency which is the most essential and mechanical stress analysis is also treated. In conclusion, we proved the validity of our design by manufacturing and testing our SynRM models.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of both neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) and isometrical exercise(IE) to strengthen the quadriceps femoris muscle. The relationships between the strength changes and the relative force and duration of training contractions were also studied. Methods : The subjects were divided into three group. The control group(n=6) received no exercise and/or stimulation. The isometric exercise (IE) group(n=6) performed maximum isometric contractions, and the neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)(n=6) engaged electrically stimulated isometric contractions, three days a week for four weeks. Results : Results showed that both IE group and NMES group were found to have an increase in strength significantly greater(p<0.05) than the control group at 4 week. But between IE group and NMES group were not found to have an difference in strength significantly. Conclusion : The relative increase in isometric strength, using IE and NMES, may be determined by the ability of the subjects to tolerate longer and more forceful contractions. Suggestions for further research and implications for the clinical of IE and NMES for strength-training are discussed.