• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 1997

Adult male ICR mice were exposed to methylmercuric chloride (CH$_3$HgCI) through drinking water for 80 days. The distribution of mercury in the kidney, liver, spleen and cerebellum of the mouse was examined according to a autometallographic silver-enhancement technique based on a physical development process which renders mercury deposit visible. Grains of mercury traces were located in the proximal convoluted tubules. Lesser staining of the grains was seen in the collecting tubules of medulla. The glomerular basement membrane was void. In the liver, mercury accumulations were present primarily in the hepatocytes around portal area containing interlobular bile duct, artery and portal vein. Also grains of mercury traces were accumulated in the white pulp of the spleen and Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.347-352
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• 1993

This study was designed to develop the in vitro culture systemof mammalian preimplantation embryos. We proposed mouse fetal fibroblast cells (MFFC) from 14∼15 day mouse fetus. Zygotes from superovulated female ICR mice were cultured 96 hrs in simple defined media (T6) or on the monolayer of MFFC. In addition, to evaluate the action of the co-culture of MFFC, various diluted superoxide dismutase antibody (SOD-Ab) was supplemented into the monolayer of MFFC and zygotes were cultrued in presence or absence of SOD-Ab. The developmental rates of zygotes were significantly increased in co-culture with MFFC compared to the control. The rates of zygotes to the 4-cell stage in media treated with EDTA were higher than those cultured in MFFC but the proportions of morula and blastocyst were not differ between EDTA and MFFC. Interestingly blastocysts in co-culture with MFFC possessed as many as blastomere as those developing in vivo, but blastocysts cultured with EDTA had significantly fewer blastomeres. In addition, the treatment of SOD-Ab suppressed the beneficial effect of MFFC. Therefore, our findings suggest that co-cultrue system using MFFC may have an advantage in the development of mouse zygotes as well as embryonic differentiation.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2008

We compared the clinical efficacy of LED therapy using 880 nm and 630 nm LED to test collagen accumulations in subcutaneous tissue of mouse after LED irradiation by measuring the quantity of collagen. 880 nm and 630 nm LED was irradiated on the back of ICR mouse given at $10.8J/cm^2$ followed for 30 minutes everyday for 5 weeks. Histological observation was performed by Hematoxylin & Eosin staining and Masson's Trichrome collagen staining. We also used Sircol soluble collagen assay kit for measuring the amounts of collagen in the mouse skin tissue after 1, 3, and 5 weeks post LED irradiation, respectively. Collagen generation was found at subcutaneous tissue, and the quantity of collagen in 880 nm LED group had grown more than that of 630 nm LED group at 5 weeks follow-up later. About 75% more efficacies for collagen generation were found in the group of 5th week of 880nm LED irradiation. The efficacy of 880nm LED could be more useful than 630 nm LED for synthesizing collagens in mouse subcutaneous tissue as time followed.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.215-222
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• 1996

In the previous studies, we have demonstrated that prorenin converting enzyme (PRECE) was identical to the epidermal grouch factor-binding protein (EGF-BP) type B, which was a member of the mouse glandular kallikrein family, To examine whether or not EGF-BP type A and C are involved in the processing of prorenin, we have cloned the CDNAS of the EGF-BP type h and C from a library of male ICR mouse submandibular gland (SMGI. And then CHO cells were transfected with the EGF-BP expression plasmids. and stable cell lines expressing a high level of the EGF-BPS precursor were obtained. The conditioned medium was then treated with trypsin, which has been knotvn to effectively convert the EGF-BP type A and C precursor to the active forms. 수ubsequentlv, the prorenin converting activity of the trypsin-treated or untreated medium was examined. PRECE converted exactly prorenin to renin, but the prorenin converting activities of EGF-BP type A and C were not detected. From these results, it seems that only type B of these EGF-BPs is involved in processing Ren 2 prorenin in mouse SMG.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.112-117
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• 2021

α-Amanitin and β-amanitin are highly toxic bicyclic octapeptides responsible for the poisoning of poisonous mushrooms such as Amanita, Galerina, and Lepiota by inhibiting RNA polymerase II, DNA transcription, and protein synthesis. A sensitive, simple, and selective liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometric method using parallel reaction monitoring mode was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of α- and β-amanitin in mouse plasma to evaluate the toxicokinetics of α- and β-amanitin in mice. Protein precipitation of 5 μL mouse plasma sample with methanol as sample clean-up procedure and use of negative electrospray ionization resulted in better sensitivity and less matrix effect. The calibration curves for α- and β-amanitin in mouse plasma were linear over the range of 0.5-500 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day coefficient of variations and accuracies for α- and β-amanitin at four quality control concentrations were 3.1-14.6% and 92.5-115.0%, respectively. The present method was successfully applied to the toxicokinetic study of α- and β-amanitin after an oral administration of α- and β-amanitin at 1.5 mg/kg dose to male ICR mice.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.22-25
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• 1998

Anticarcinogenic activity of astaxanthin-containing egg yolks (designate AEY) was investigated for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced two stage mouse epidermal carcinogenesis. Female ICR mouse (6-7 weeks of age) were house in a humidity-and-temperature-controlled facility and subjected to feed and water ad libitum. AEY (10 mg/0.2 ml acetone) was painted on the back of mice 7 days, 3 days and 5 min before DMBA treatment (50 nmole/0.2 ml acetone). One week later after DMBA treatment, 6 ${\mu}g$ tetradecanoyl 12-phorbol 13-O-acetate (TPA) dissolved in 0.2 ml acetone was applied on the mouse twice weekly over a period of 22 weeks. No sample was given to control mice. Control egg yolk (CEY) and astaxanthin-containing oil (designate AO) from Phaffia rhodozyma were used as positive controls. Mouse treated with AEY exhibited 10 tumors per mouse whereas control mouse exhibited 15 tumors per mouse, the fact that 33% reduction of tumor per mouse by AEY treatment. Tumor incidence was also reduced to 15% by AEY treatment when compared to that of control group. Such effects were also seen in CEY and AO treatment groups, but leaser extent. AO gave reduction of food intake and body weights relative to those of AEY and CEY, indicating toxicity of AO. These results suggest that AEY exhibits anticarcinogenic activity for DMBA-induced mouse epidermal carcinogenesis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.297-307
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• 2015

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of Cervi Cornu and coenzymeQ10 on exercise and endurance capacity in rats and mice. Methods: The extract of Cervi Cornu was manufactured by the pharmacy department of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical Hospital, and CoQ10 soft cap (Ildong Pharmaceutical) was used. In total, 24 rats and 30 mice were divided into 3 groups: Control (rat=8, mouse=10), CoQ10 alone (rat=8, mouse=10), Cervi Cornu extract, and CoQ10 (rat=8, mouse=10). Ergogenic effect was evaluated by administering the Cervi Cornu extract and coenzymeQ10 to rats and measuring the time to exhaustion during treadmill running; endurance capacity was assessed by measuring cold water swimming time, serum lactate level, and serum corticosterone level in each group. At 1 week from the end of treatment, we recalculated time to exhaustion during treadmill running in rats to investigate the long-term effect of the Cervi Cornu extract and coenzymeQ10. Results: Cervi Cornu extract has long-term benefits in that it preserves the ergogenic effect caused by exercise. Cervi Cornu and coenzymeQ10 have no effect on increasing cold water swimming time in ICR mice. CoenzymeQ10 decreases the serum corticosterone level in ICR mice performing cold water swimming test. Conclusions: Cervi Cornu seems to preserve the ergogenic effect caused by exercise, but a larger study is needed to investigate effect of Cervi Cornu and coenzymeQ10 on improving endurance capacity. CoenzymeQ10 decreases serum corticosterone level and it is related with the anti-psychological fatigue effect.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.417-426
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• 1995

6-[(N-4-Chlorophenyl)amino]-7-chloro-5,8-quinolinedione (RCK20) was tested for antifungal activities, in vivo, against Candida albicans. RCK20 was compared vath ketoconazole and fluconazole in the treatment of systemic infection with Candida albicans in normal rats. The therapeutic potential of RCK20 had been assessed by evaluating their activities (survival rate) against systemic infections with in normal mice with Candida albicans. RCK20 improved survival rates as well as ketokonazole. RCK20 had ED$_{50}$. 0.25$\pm$0.18 mg/kg but ketoeonazole and fluconazole had ED$_{50}$, 8.00$\pm$0.73, 10$\pm$0.43 mg/kg respectively. Activities of RCK20 showed superior to that of ketoconazole and fluconazole. Intraperitoneauy administered RCK20 at the ED$_{50}$, 0.25 mg/kg for 7days and 14days reduced Candida albicans colony count in the kidneys and livers as well as ketoconazole and fluconazole at these ED$_{50}$, 8.00 and 10 mg/kg. Acute oral toxicity studies of RCK20 were carried out in ICR mice of both sexes. These acute oral toxicities of RCK20 were low and LD$_{50}$ values were over 2.850 mg/kg in ICR mice. The Genotoxicities of RCK20 had been evaluated. RCK20 was negative in Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium (TA98 and TA100). The clastogenicity was tested on the RCK20 with in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. RCK20 did not show any clastogenic effect in mouse peripheral blood and was negative in mouse micronucleus assay. These results indicate that RCK20 has no genotoxic potential under these experimental condition.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.166-171
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• 2013

While high-dose ionizing radiation results in long term cellular cytotoxicity, chronic low-dose (<0.2 Gy) of X- or ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation can be beneficial to living organisms by inducing radiation hormesis, stimulating immune function, and adaptive responses. During chronic low-dose-rate radiation (LDR) exposure, whole body of mice is exposed to radiation, however, it remains unclear if LDR causes changes in gene expression of the whole brain. Therefore, we aim to investigate expressed genes (EGs) and signaling pathways specifically regulated by LDR-irradiation ($^{137}Cs$, a cumulative dose of 1.7 Gy for total 100 days) in the whole brain. Using microarray analysis of whole brain RNA extracts harvested from ICR and AKR/J mice after LDR-irradiation, we discovered that two mice strains displayed distinct gene regulation patterns upon LDR-irradiation. In ICR mice, genes involved in ion transport, transition metal ion transport, and developmental cell growth were turned on while, in AKR/J mice, genes involved in sensory perception, cognition, olfactory transduction, G-protein coupled receptor pathways, inflammatory response, proteolysis, and base excision repair were found to be affected by LDR. We validated LDR-sensitive EGs by qPCR and confirmed specific upregulation of S100a7a, Olfr624, and Gm4868 genes in AKR/J mice whole brain. Therefore, our data provide the first report of genetic changes regulated by LDR in the mouse whole brain, which may affect several aspects of brain function.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.125-136
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• 1994

Observation of elastic fiber's change of mouse TMJ due to several round factor, principally external stimulations, their influence on the TMJ structure's change and the analize of the consecutive evolution of the disease in most important. So, the author believe that the factor of TMJ feature is the elastic feature's change and it's the principal factor of the TMJ disease. For observation of the increase and disposition of elastic fiber that to regulate the elastic feature of tissue and allow it existence. For this propose, observation with histologic methods on 20mouse ICR of 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks. The results were as follow : 1. In the early stage, the condyle of TMJ is originated from cartilage mass, and it's calcification is endochondral. 2. In the early stage, the disc is relatively thin and immature, but in the later stage the fiber is dense and the disposition is most functional. 3. Observation of the early stage, the elastic fiber is a thin fiber that to across antero- posterior direction, but in the later stage elastic fiber are developed, the disposition that in the early stage was perpendicular to articular surface, now in parallel. 4. The elastic fiber was observated most clearly in the retrodiscal tissue. 5. In conclusion, the elastic fiber is observed like a thin fiber 1 week from born, but the fiber to increase the weight and it dispose functionally, and 4 week from born, it can realize the normal function.