• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2020

남부 베트남 지역에는 내륙 컨테이너 기지의 경쟁에 따라 탈 집중화 경향 및 전이할당 현상이 일어나고 있다. 그러나 남부 베트남 지역을 대상으로 한 내륙컨테이너 기지 관련 연구는 극히 제한적이다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구에서는 2010년에서 2017년 까지 남부 베트남 지역에 위치한 내륙컨테이너 기지에 대한 실증연구를 수행한다. 컨테이너 물동량 데이터를 사용하여 집중 및 탈 집중현상을 분석하며, 연구의 방법은 CR분석, 허핀달-허쉬먼(집중도) 분석, 지니계수 및 로렌츠 곡선 분석 및 전이할당 분석을 사용하였다. 연구 결과, 2010년에서 2017년 까지 남부 베트남 지역에 위치한 내륙컨테이너 기지는 뚜렷한 탈 집중화 현상을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 컨테이너 터미널 개발 과정에서 유용한 참고자료로 사용될 수 있으며, 학문적·산업적 시사점을 제공한다. 베트남 컨테이너 항만과 내륙 컨테이너 기지의 경쟁력 강화는 더 많은 해운회사의 기항을 촉진함으로서 경쟁관계에 있는 동남아 주변국에 영향을 줄 수 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2015

In this study, we evaluated the effects of static magnetic fields of earphones and headphones on pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICDs). Five pacemakers and three ICDs were subjected to in-vitro test with three headphones which were an in-ear earphone, clip-on headphone, and closed-back headphone. Each implantable device was placed in close proximity(within 3 mm) to the ear-pad of each of the earphone and headphones for 3 min. As a result, no effects were observed on the pacemakers for the earphone and headphones during the test, but an effect was observed on one ICD for the clip-on and closed-back headphone during the test. When the ICD was placed in close proximity to the headphones, the ICD temporarily suspended functions of tachyarrhythmia detection and therapy. The effect was not observed in this study when the headphones were at least 2 cm from the ICD. Based on these findings, patients with ICDs should be advised to keep earphones and headphones at least 2 cm apart from their ICDs.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2020

Background: Dopamine receptor agonists (DRAs) have been associated with impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) in preliminary studies. Whether the association holds true when DRAs are used to treat non-PD, such as restless legs syndrome, prolactinoma, and several mood disorders is uncertain. Objective: The present study aimed to understand the research gaps related to the risk of ICDs associated with pramipexole or ropinirole (PRX/ROP) use as a treatment for specific underlying diseases, excluding Parkinson's disorders. Methods: We conducted a scoping review, systematically searching databases to identify literature on the types, prevalence, and factors associated with ICD in non-PD patients receiving PRX/ROP. All relevant information that helped understand the epidemiology of ICDs among non-PD patients taking PRX/ROP were extracted and analyzed. We also evaluated the potential associations between PRX/ROP and ICDs, utilizing the Naranjo scale or statistical analysis, depending on the type of literature. Results: We included 24 articles (19 case reports or case series and 5 population-based studies) in this scoping review. Evaluating the 19 case reports or case series using Naranjo scores led to the discovery of a possible link between PRX/ROP exposure and ICDs. However, important information to assess causality is frequently missing. Moreover, the population-based studies lack diversity in the study populations and enough study samples to draw conclusive results. Conclusion: Our scoping review suggests that the currently available literature requires more details in future case reports and for well-powered studies in various disease conditions where PRX/ROP is frequently used.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2015

제 2세대 (2G) 휴대전화인 GSM (global system for mobile communication) 휴대전화는 pacemaker 및 ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator)의 기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있다고 보고가 되어 왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 제 3세대 (3G) 휴대전화인 WCDMA (wideband code division multiple access) 휴대전화에서 방출되는 전자파가 pacemaker 및 ICD에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 총 5개의 pacemaker 및 3개의 ICD를 대상으로 ECG simulator를 이용한 in-vitro 실험으로 진행하였다. 실제 WCDMA 휴대전화 대신 WCDMA 모듈 (평균 출력 : 0.25 W, 주파수 대역 : 1950 MHz)을 사용했다. WCDMA 모듈 전자파가 pacemaker 및 ICD에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해, 각 이식형 의료기기들을 WCDMA 모듈에 최대한 근접 (3 mm 이내) 시킨 후 5분간 전자파에 노출 시켰다. 실험 결과 WCDMA 모듈 전자파가 5개의 pacemaker 및 3개의 ICD에 미친 어떠한 영향도 관찰 할 수 없었다. WCDMA 휴대전화는 GSM 휴대전화보다 더 높은 주파수 대역 (1800-2200 MHz)에서 더 낮은 출력(0.01-0.25 W)을 방출하기 때문에, WCDMA 휴대전화에서 발생하는 전자파는 pacemaker 및 ICD 기기들에게 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 사료된다.

• 산업공학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2003

The Korean government has been working to reduce national logistics costs since the early 1990s. One of the major plans instituted by the government was to build five complex freight terminals using ICDs(inland container depots) as hub inland terminals. This paper explains the process and the methods adopted for site selection, with special focus on the Youngnam Freight Terminal. Among nineteen developable sites in Youngnam region, four candidates were selected based on the Map Overlay Approach under several criteria, including land acquisition costs, proximity to major highways and railroads, suitability of the terrain, etc. In this study, we used the AHP to select the best site among the four sites.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.12-15
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• 2011

Background: The beneficial effects of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) in primary and secondary prevention patients are well established. However, data on potential differences between both groups in mortality are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess extra risk differences between primary and secondary prevention ICD recipients. Methods: Comparative mortality figures were calculated from a source article using mortality analysis methods. Results: Mortality ratio (MR) of primary and secondary prevention ICD recipients were 393% and 373%. Excess death rates (EDR) of both groups were 42 and 38 per 1,000. Discussion: MR and EDR were higher in primary prevention group. But, there was no significant difference.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2013

Purpose: The use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) to prevent sudden cardiac death is increasing in children and adolescents. This study investigated the use of ICDs in children with congenital heart disease. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the clinical characteristics and effectiveness of ICD implantation at the department of pediatrics of a single tertiary center between 2007 and 2011. Results: Fifteen patients underwent ICD implantation. Their mean age at the time of implantation was $14.5{\pm}5.4$ years (range, 2 to 22 years). The follow-up duration was $28.9{\pm}20.4$ months. The cause of ICD implantation was cardiac arrest in 7, sustained ventricular tachycardia in 6, and syncope in 2 patients. The underlying disorders were as follows: ionic channelopathy in 6 patients (long QT type 3 in 4, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia [CPVT] in 1, and J wave syndrome in 1), cardiomyopathy in 5 patients, and postoperative congenital heart disease in 4 patients. ICD coils were implanted in the pericardial space in 2 children (ages 2 and 6 years). Five patients received appropriate ICD shock therapy, and 2 patients received inappropriate shocks due to supraventricular tachycardia. During follow-up, 2 patients required lead dysfunction-related revision. One patient with CPVT suffered from an ICD storm that was resolved using sympathetic denervation surgery. Conclusion: The overall ICD outcome was acceptable in most pediatric patients. Early diagnosis and timely ICD implantation are recommended for preventing sudden death in high-risk children and patients with congenital heart disease.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate a relationship between ultraviolet radiation and initial cell density (ICD) of microalgae using a floating marine photobioreactor (PBR). To examine the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight on biomass productivity as a function of ICD, 0.5-L floating PBRs covered with or without UV cut-off film were placed in an outdoor rectangular tank containing 200 L of water. At the lower ICDs, 0.01 and 0.05 g/L, biomass productivities in the PBRs without UV cut-off film decreased by $278{\pm}21%$ and $222{\pm}3%$ compared with those with the film, respectively. In contrast, the presence of UV cut-off film did not have a significant effect on biomass productivities at the higher ICDs, 0.25 and 1.25 g/L. When the differences in biomass productivity made by the UV cut-off film were plotted against the sum of cell projection area per light receiving area of the PBR, the results revealed that the inhibitory effect of UV on biomass productivity can be negligible when the sum of cell projection area is equal to the light receiving area of the PBR. These results show that photoinhibition caused by UV radiation could be eliminated via operating the PBR with a proper ICD.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2009

EAS (electronic article surveillance) 시스템은 상품의 도난 방지를 위한 것으로 상품 판매 자동화 증가로 인해 사용이 급속히 늘어나고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 EAS 시스템의 전자기장 세기를 측정하였고, EAS 시스템이 pacemaker와 ICD에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보았다. 일반 성인 심장 높이인 130cm에서 6.3 kHz와 14.25 kHz EAS 시스템의 게이트 안쪽의 왼쪽, 바깥쪽의 오른쪽과 가운데 위치에서 전자기장의 세기를 측정하였고, pacemaker와 ICD의 동작 여부를 관찰하였다. 측정 결과 전자기장의 세기는 EAS 시스템에 따라 큰 차이가 났는데 14.25 kHz를 사용하는 EAS 시스템이 가장 강했다. Pacemaker는 고정시 세 위치 모두에서 파형 변화가 관찰되었고, ICD는 이동시와 고정시한 위치에서만 noise reversion, 심실세동이 관찰되었으며, 모두 전자기장 세기가 가장 센 14.25 kHz의 EAS 시스템의 전자기장에 의해 발생하였다. 이에 현재 국내에서는 시행되고 있지 않은 전자기장 방출에 대한 안내문 부착과 이식형 의료기기 시술을 받은 환자의 접근에 대한 위험성 경고문 등의 조치가 필요하다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.61-63
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• 2011

Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) can be a crucial therapeutic modality for pediatric patients with congenital heart disease, Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome and cardiomyopathy. Because transvenous implantation of ICD is mostly unfeasible for pediatric patients due to anatomical and technical limitations, epicardial patch type or subcutaneous type ICD have been used. Implantation of these alternative ICDs, however, was reported to be frequently associated with significant complications. We report a case of successful intrapericardial implantation of a single coil-type ICD through the transverse sinus in a 27 month-old child weighing lesser than 10 kg, and it was inferred from this experience that this alternative technique may decrease complications and morbidities after ICD implantation in children.