• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.174-179
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• 2013

Purpose: Visual gait analysis plays a pivotal role in determining the important gait problem of patients. A few studies have been published and have received little attention regarding visual gait analysis on patients with orthopedic problems. The purposes of this study were to investigate the difference of reliability levels according to experience of clinical physical therapists. Methods: Thirty-five clinical physical therapists, 5 high experienced, 15 experienced, and 15 inexperienced, were recruited and individually evaluated these videotaped gait patterns of the participants, and filled up the structured gait analysis form. The gait of nine participants was videotaped. Reliability levels were calculated by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC). Results: The inter-rater reliability of high experienced group (ICC=0.56; 95% CI: 0.50-0.62) was comparable to that of the experienced raters (ICC=0.48; 95% CI: 0.43-0.53) and inexperienced group (ICC=0.42; 95% CI: 0.38-0.46). High experienced group reached a higher inter-rater reliability level. The average intra-rater reliability of the high experienced group was 0.70 (ICCs ranging from 0.54 to 0.82). The experienced group reached an average intra-rater reliability of 0.61 (ICCs ranging from 0.47 to 0.81). The inexperienced group attained average ICC values of 0.53 (ICCs ranging from 0.30 to 0.74). Conclusion: Use of a structured gait analysis form as described in this study was found to be moderately reliable. Clinical experience appears to increase the reliability of visual gait analysis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.10-16
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• 2010

This study was undertaken to develop the scapulometer, a measuring tool for scapular winging, and to determine the reliability of scapulometer. Thirty subjects with scapular winging greater than 2 cm participated in this study. Two examiners measured scapular winging using the scapulometer. Standardized measurement position of each subject was as follows: neutral position of shoulder and wrist, $90^{\circ}$ flexion of elbow, and cuff weight of 5% and 10% of body weight (BW) to neutral wrist. The interrater and intrarater reliability were calculated with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and standard error of measurement (SEM) at 5% BW and 10% BW. The level of scapular winging was tested between 5% BW and 10% BW with a paired t-test. The interrater reliability was shown to be high at 5% BW (ICC(2,k)=.955, 95% CI=.900~.979, SEM=.07) and at 10% BW (ICC(2,k)=.968, 95% CI=.930~.985, SEM=.06). The intrarater reliability was shown to be high at 5% BW (ICC(2,k)=.921, 95% CI=.842~.961, SEM=.09) and at 10% BW (ICC(2,k)=.906, 95% CI=.813~.954, SEM=.10). The level of scapular winging was significantly different between 5% BW and 10% BW. Conclusively, it is demonstrated that the scapulometer is an objective and qualitative measurement tool for scapular winging.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2002

This article introduces the general structure and characteristics of ICC(International Centesimal Classification) including main classes and auxiliary tables - form divisions; chronological divisions; geographical divisions; language divisions; racial, ethnic, national groups; divisions of individual religion; divisions of individual language; subdivisions for individual literatures; and groups of persons.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07b
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• pp.499-503
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• 1997

In this paper, we present a fuzzy ICC using a self-tuning method. To provide robustness and adaptiveness over the vehicle nonlinearities and changes of the driving environments, an on-line self-tuning scheme based on 'Interior Penalty Function' was developed. Road test and computer simulation results verify the feasible performance of the suggested ICC algorithm.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.279-281
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• 2008

현재 서부아프리카 지역의 경우, 대부분의 발전원은 수력과 화력에 의존하고 있으며 서부 아프리카경제공동체(ECOWAS) 15개 회원국의 전력수급률은 매우 낮은 수준일 뿐만 아니라 국가별 에너지 불균형 또한 심한 상태이다. 이에 서부 아프리카 전력공동체(WAPP)는 지역 간 에너지 불균형 해소 및 국가 간 전력망 연계를 위한 전력거래센터(ICC)의 구축을 추진하고 있다. 본 논문은 향후 WAPP ICC에서 본격적인 전력거래기능을 수행하기에 앞서 각 지역제어센터(CAC)의 전력 정보 수집, 분석 및 공유를 위한 자료연계 방안에 대해 서술하였으며 센터간의 자료연계를 위한 통신 프로토콜은 IEC 60870-6(ICCP) 프로토콜을 이용하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2005

Most of flated scanners and digital cameras in prepress process utilize CCD technology. Device calibration and characterization process is needed to transform the device dependent color to the device independent color. ICC profiles for digital input devices encapsulated information relating the device values to CIELAB or CIEXYZ coordinates. The main purposes of this article is to evaluate some of the transformation methods based on ICC proposed device profiles and to propose optimal color transformation method for accurate color imaging in printing process.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.463-473
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• 2015

Three full-scale instrumented test slabs were constructed and tested using a heavy vehicle simulator (HVS) to evaluate the structural behavior of internally cured concrete (ICC) for use in pavements under Florida condition. Three mix designs selected from a previous laboratory testing program include the standard mixture with 0.40 water-cement ratio, the ICC with 0.32 water-cement ratio, and the ICC mixture with 0.40 water-cement ratio. Concrete samples were prepared and laboratory tests were performed to measure strength, elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion and shrinkage properties. The environmental responses were measured using strain gages, thermocouples, and linear variable differential transformers instrumented in full-scale concrete slabs. A 3-D finite element model was developed and calibrated using strain data measured from the full-scale tests using the HVS. The results indicate that the ICC slabs were less susceptible to the change of environmental conditions and appear to have better potential performance based on the critical stress analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.909-912
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• 2002

인터넷을 비롯한 정보통신기술의 발달로 소비시장의 주체가 고객 중심으로 변화하면서, 고객 관리를 위한 CRM(Customer Relationship Management)이 더욱 중요시되고 있다. CRM의 부각으로 정확한 고객 정보를 획득하기 위한 인증 메커니즘이 발전하였고, 고객과 원활한 커뮤니케이션을 위해 컴퓨터와 진화가 통합된 CTI(Computer Telephony Integration)가 대중화되면서 고객 접점 채널의 역할이 증대되었다. 현재의 고객 접점 채널은 고객 정보를 획득하는 것이 쉽지 않으며, 수집된 고객 정보의 신뢰도가 떨어져서 분석데이터로 직접 사용하기에 적합하지 않은 요소를 지니고 있기 때문에 고객이 고객 접점 채널에 접근시 반복적인 인증 절차를 거쳐야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 고객 접근 방식 자체를 간소화하기 위해 생체 인식 기술의 하나인 지문 인식을 이용하여 ICC(Internet Call Center)를 구축하고자 한다. 본 논문에서 구축한 지문 인식을 이용한 ICC로 기업에게는 신뢰성있는 고객 정보를 제공하고, 고객에게는 빠르고 편리한 접근 방식을 제공할 수 있다.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.876-879
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• 2014

In current NAND flash design, one of the most challenging issues is reducing peak current consumption (peak ICC), as it leads to peak power drop, which can cause malfunctions in NAND flash memory. This paper presents an efficient approach for reducing the peak ICC of the cache program in NAND flash memory - namely, a program Cache Busy Time (tPCBSY) control method. The proposed tPCBSY control method is based on the interesting observation that the array program current (ICC2) is mainly decided by the bit-line bias condition. In the proposed approach, when peak ICC2 becomes larger than a threshold value, which is determined by a cache loop number, cache data cannot be loaded to the cache buffer (CB). On the other hand, when peak ICC2 is smaller than the threshold level, cache data can be loaded to the CB. As a result, the peak ICC of the cache program is reduced by 32% at the least significant bit page and by 15% at the most significant bit page. In addition, the program throughput reaches 20 MB/s in multiplane cache program operation, without restrictions caused by a drop in peak power due to cache program operations in a solid-state drive.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the postural balance program which uses the movement accelerating field principles of posture balance training and evaluation equipment and smartphone movement accelerometer program (SMAP) in healthy young adults. A total of 34 people were appointed as the subject among the healthy young adults. By using Biodex stability system (BSS) and SMAP on the subject, the posture balance capability was evaluated. For the test-retest reliability, SMAP showed the intra-class correlation (ICC: .62~.91) and standard error measurement (SEM: .01~.08). BSS showed the moderate to high reliability of ICC (.88~.93) and SEM (.02~.20). In the reliability of inter-rater, ICC (.59~.73) as to SMAP, showed the reliability of moderate in eyes open stability all (EOSA), eyes open stability anterior posterior (EOSAP), eyes open stability medial lateral (EOSML) and eyes open dinamic all (EODA), eyes open danamic anterior posterior (EODAP), and eyes open danamic medial lateral (EODML). However, ICC showed reliability which was as low as .59 less than in other movements. In addition, BSS showed the reliability of high as ICC (.70~.75). It showed reliability which was as low as ICC (.59 less than) in other movements. In correlation to the balance by attitudes between SMAP and BSS, EOSML (r=.62), EODA (r=.75), EODML (r=.72), ECDAP (r=.64), and ECDML (r=.69) shown differ significantly (p<.05). However, the correlation noted in other movements did not differ significantly. Therefore, SMAP and BSS can be usefully used in the posture balance assessment of the static and dynamic condition with eyes opened and closed.