• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2013

This study describes the seasonal distribution of larvae, nymph, and adult life stages for 3 species of ixodid ticks collected by tick drag and sweep methods from various habitats in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Grasses less than 0.5 m in height, including herbaceous and crawling vegetation, and deciduous, conifer, and mixed forests with abundant leaf/needle litter were surveyed at United States (US) and ROK operated military training sites and privately owned lands near the demilitarized zone from April-October, 2004 and 2005. Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann adults and nymphs were more frequently collected from April-August, while those of Haemaphysalis flava Neumann and Ixodes nipponensis Kitaoka and Saito were collected more frequently from April-July and again during October. H. longicornis was the most frequently collected tick in grass habitats (98.9%), while H. flava was more frequently collected in deciduous (60.2%) and conifer (57.4%) forest habitats. While more H. flava (54.1%) were collected in mixed forest habitats than H. longicornis (35.2%), the differences were not significant. I. nipponensis was more frequently collected from conifer (mean 8.8) compared to deciduous (3.2) and mixed (2.4) forests.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2016

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging disease characterized by fever and thrombocytopenia. Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks comprise the major population of ticks in the environment and have been considered as the main vector for SFTS virus (SFTSV). Here we investigated the distribution of ticks carrying SFTSV collected from the environment using the dragging or sweeping methods during April~October 2015 in Jeollanam-do, Korea. Sampling was taken from Songjeong, Omi, Bangkwang, Sandong areas in Jiri walking trails. Among the total 3,869 ticks collected, 3,823 ticks (98.8%) were H. longicornis, 41 (1.1%) were Amblyomma testudinarium, and 5 (0.1%) were Ixodes nipponensis. Classification results by regional groups of H. longicornis indicated that 1,613 ticks were collected in Sandong, 1,190 ticks in Omi, 603 ticks in Bangkwang, and 417 ticks in Songjeong. In monthly distributional studies of H. longicornis based on the developmental stages, nymph (325 ticks) was collected from May to October, 94% of larvae from April to June, and 94% of adult from June to August. These results showed the different dominant stage of ticks according to seasons. However, no SFTSV-specific gene was detected in 3,823 ticks of H. longicornis, 41 of A. testudinarium and 5 of I. nipponensis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the tick species and give background for tick-borne investigations in Korea. Ticks were collected from the area within 2 km radius of the 4 domestic animal farms, where they were located in mountainous areas and raising animals on pasture, and from animal bodies in 2014 and 2015. In total, 7,973 nymphal and adult ticks were collected from the farms - 7,758 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 198 Haemaphysalis flava, and 17 Ixodes nipponensis, and 1,763 were collected from animals - 729 H. longicornis from cattle; 569 H. longicornis from goats; and 297 H. longicornis, 118 H. flava, 1 I. nipponensis, and 49 Amblyomma testudinarium from wild boars. As more species of ticks were collected from wild boars than domesticated animals and their habitats, various animal hosts should be considered while investigating tick species.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2021

This study aimed to characterize the seasonal abundance of hard ticks that transmit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from April to November 2019 and 2020 on Ganghwa-do, Incheon Metropolitan City, Korea. The ticks were collected at grassland, grave site, copse and mountain road using a collection trap method. The ixodid hard ticks comprising three species (Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis) collected were 6,622 in 2019 and 3,811 in 2020. H. longicornis was the most frequent (97.9% in 2019 and 96.0% in 2020), followed by H. flava (2.0% and 3.0% in 2019 and 2020, respectively) and I. nipponensis (less than 0.1%). Our study demonstrated that seasonal patterns of the tick populations examined for two years were totally unsimilar. The hard ticks tested using RT-qPCR were all negative for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2022

When free-ranging birds are accidentally killed or die, there may be greater potential for their associated ticks to detach, seek alternate hosts, and become established. We examined 711 carcasses of 95 avian species for ticks at a stopover island of migratory birds in the Republic of Korea where only Ixodes nipponensis and I. persulcatus were previously reported from local mammals and vegetation. A total of 16 ticks, I. turdus and Haemaphysalis flava, were collected from 8 fresh carcasses belonging to 5 avian species. Despite their known abundance on migratory birds and mainland Korea, these species had not colonized the isolated insular ecosystem possibly due to the low abundance and diversity of local hosts. The results imply that increasing human impact, such as the anthropogenic mortality of migratory birds and the introduction of non-native mammalian hosts, will increase the potential invasion and colonization risk of ticks. This finding also suggests that tick surveillance consisting of fresh carcasses of dead migratory birds may provide additional information, often ignored in surveillance of ticks on live birds, for the potential introduction of non-native ticks and associated pathogens affecting animal and human health.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.281-285
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• 2014

Ticks were collected from 35 animals from 5 provinces and 3 metropolitan cities during 2012. Ticks also were collected by tick drag from 4 sites in Gyeonggi-do (2) and Jeollabuk-do (2) Provinces. A total of 612 ticks belonging to 6 species and 3 genera were collected from mammals and a bird (n=573) and by tick drag (n=39). Haemaphyalis longicornis (n=434) was the most commonly collected tick, followed by H. flava (158), Ixodes nipponensis (11), Amblyomma testudinarium (7), H. japonica (1), and H. formosensis (1). H. longicornis and H. flava were collected from all animal hosts examined. For animal hosts (n>1), the highest Tick Index (TI) was observed for domestic dogs (29.6), followed by Siberian roe deer (17.4), water deer (14.4), and raccoon dogs (1.3). A total of 402 H. longicornis (adults 86, 21.4%; nymphs 160, 39.8%; larvae 156, 38.9%) were collected from wild and domestic animals. A total of 158 H. flava (n=158) were collected from wild and domestic animals and 1 ring-necked pheasant, with a higher proportion of adults (103, 65.2%), while nymphs and larvae only accounted for 12.7% (20) and 22.2% (35), respectively. Only 7 A. testudinarium were collected from the wild boar (6 adults) and Eurasian badger (1 nymph), while only 5 I. nipponensis were collected from the water deer (4 adults) and a raccoon dog (1 adult). One adult female H. formosensis was first collected from vegetation by tick drag from Mara Island, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do Province.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1969

The present studies were undertaken to determine accurately whether Korean native fresh-water shrimps can serve as the second intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis. The experimental results obtained were as follows; 1. Metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was not discovered in 36 Macrobranchium nipponensis (De Hann), 1992 Palaemon paucidens (De Hann) and Palaemon madestus Heller, and 860 Caridina leucastica Stimpson, collected in Kimhae district, which were digested in artificial gastric juice, using binocular dissecting microscope. 2. Cercariae of the Chinese liver fluke could not approach the body wall of young shrimps due to streaming caused by their motion. 3. Young Palaemon spp. of 247 were divided into two groups and placed in two different room aquariums, one is at high temperature, the other is normal. Then they were contacted with the cercariae. Only 11 degenerated metacercariae were found in 9 Palaemon spp. It was suggested that they had died immediately or within a few days after penetration. Furthermore the temperature did not affect the infective ratio. 4. At the field experimental aquarium, no metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was discovered tn 100 Palaemon spp. which had been brought into contact with 5000 Parafossarulus manchouricus two trials. 5. Specific changes in the cercariae mixed with the extract of shrimps meat were not observed through the dissecting microscope. 6. These results suggest that the Korean native shrimps cannot serve as the intermediate host of Clonorchis sinensis.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.160-171
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• 2022

강릉시 주수천의 어류군집 특징 및 쌀미꾸리의 서식지 특징과 연령을 밝히기 위해 2013년 1월부터 12월까지 조사를 실시하였다. 어류상 조사 결과 주수천은 10과 23종이 채집되었고, 우점종은 참갈겨니 Zacco koreanus (22.1%), 아우점종은 버들개 Rhynchocypris steindachneri (20.1%)였으며, 그 다음으로 민물검정망둑 Tridentiger brevispinis (10.7%), 대륙종개 Orthrias nudus (9.7%), 피라미 Zacco platypus (8.6%), 쌀미꾸리 Lefua costata (7.9%), 참종개 Iksookimia koreensis (6.0%), 가시고기 Pungitius sinensis (3.0%) 등의 순으로 우세하였다. 환경부지정 멸종위기 야생생물은 가시고기 1종이 채집되었고, 한국고유종은 참갈겨니, 참종개, 미유기 Silurus microdorsalis, 둑중개 Cottus koreanus 4종이, 회유성 어종은 황어 Tribolodon hakonensis, 빙어 Hypomesus nipponensis, 큰가시고기 Gasterosteus aculeatus, 연어 Oncorhynchus keta, 은어 Plecoglossus altivelis 5종이 채집되었다. 군집구조는 최상류(St. 1), 상류(St. 2~4), 중류(St. 5), 하류(St. 6)로 구분되었으며, 하천 건강성 평가는 매우좋음(5개 지점)과 좋음(1개 지점)으로 양호하였다. 쌀미꾸리의 주요 서식지는 하천 중·하류(St. 5~6)의 수초 지대로 하상이 펄로 이루어졌으며 수심 40~80 cm의 유속이 느린 정수역이었다. 또한 연령(암컷)을 전장빈도분포도로 추정한 결과, 산란이 시작되는 5월 기준 24~37 mm는 만 1년생, 38~51 mm는 만 2년생, 52~63 mm는 만 3년생, 64~77 mm는 만 4년생, 80~91 mm는 만 5년생 이상으로 추정되었다. 끝으로 주수천 어류군집 특징 및 쌀미꾸리의 서식지 특징과 연령 등에 대해 논의하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 1983

The Jinyang Lake is dammed up Nam River, and surrounded by Jinju city and four counties; Jinyang, Sanchong, Hading, and Sachon in kyongsang-Nam-Bo, Korea. The areas around this man-made lake have been known as an endemic focus of clonorchiasis in Korea. The present study was first aimed to know the distribution of freshwater mollusks including medically important snails, and larval trematodes shed from Parafossarulus manchouricus and Semisulcospira libertina. In addition to above studies, water analyses in each snail habitat were carried out in order to figure out a part of their environmental factors. This malaco-ecological survey was done at the sirs areas around upper, middle and lower parts of the lake for 4 months, August-November, 1983. Total nine species of freshwater mollusks were collected throughout the study: 4 species of gastropods: Semisulcospira libertina, Cipangopaludina chinensis, Parafossarulus manchouricus and Radin auricularia, and 5 species of bit.alves; Unio dcuglasiae, Ancdonta woodiana, Lamprotula gottschei, Corbicula yuminea and Limncperma lucustris. Out of nine species of freshwater mollusks, three species of gastropods; S. Zibertina, p. manchouricus and R. auricularia were medically important in terms of the transmission of digenetic trematodes to humans. P. manchouricus and R. auricularia were mainly collected from the shallow ponds and the irrigation channels with the muddy basin, but S. libertine and the bivalves were only collected from the stream of Nam River where the gravels and rocks were dominant. The levels of dissolved oxygen (D.O.) and biochemical oxygen demand \(B.O.D._5)\ of the water specimens sampled from the study areas ranged from 6.0 to 9.6 ppm and from 0.4 to 1.6 ppm respectively. As a result, it is considered that water system around the Jinyang Lake might be relatively clean without any heavy pollution of aquatic microorganisms and organic materials during the period of this study. On the other hand, eight metalic constituents from the water samples were also assayed, and all metalic ions detected were remarkably low below the legal criteria. However, calcium ion in the water samples from the habitats of P. manchouricus was considerably higher than others. Infection rates of digenetic trematodes in the snails were 6.9% in P. manchouricus and 4.8% in S. libertine, respectively. P. manchouricus snails harboring with thc cercariae of Clonorchis sinensis were only 0.14% among the snails examined, and other trematode cercariae except cercaria of C. sinensis were: furcocercus cercariae, cercaria of Loxogenes liberum type I and II. S. libertine snails parasitized with the cercariae of Metagonimus yokogawai were 1, 5% out of the snails examined, and no cercaria of Paragonimus westermani was found in S. libertine snails in the present study. Digenetic trematode cercariae other than M. yokogawai observed in S. libertina snails were: Cercaria yoshidae (B type) , Cercaria cristata, Cercaria innominatum, Cercaria of Centrocestus formosanus and Cercaria nipponensis.