Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (대한기생충학·열대의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seasonal Distribution of Ticks in Four Habitats near the Demilitarized Zone, Gyeonggi-do (Province), Republic of Korea

  • Chong, Sung Tae (5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247) ;
  • Kim, Heung Chul (5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96205-5247) ;
  • Lee, In-Yong (Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kollars, Thomas M. Jr. (Medical Section, 415th Chemical Brigade) ;
  • Sancho, Alfredo R. (U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps) ;
  • Sames, William J. (Armed Forces Pest Management Board, WRAMC-Forest Glen Annex) ;
  • Chae, Joon-Seok (Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University) ;
  • Klein, Terry A. (U.S. Army Public Health Command Region-Pacific)
  • Received : 2013.03.20
  • Accepted : 2013.04.30
  • Published : 2013.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study describes the seasonal distribution of larvae, nymph, and adult life stages for 3 species of ixodid ticks collected by tick drag and sweep methods from various habitats in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Grasses less than 0.5 m in height, including herbaceous and crawling vegetation, and deciduous, conifer, and mixed forests with abundant leaf/needle litter were surveyed at United States (US) and ROK operated military training sites and privately owned lands near the demilitarized zone from April-October, 2004 and 2005. Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann adults and nymphs were more frequently collected from April-August, while those of Haemaphysalis flava Neumann and Ixodes nipponensis Kitaoka and Saito were collected more frequently from April-July and again during October. H. longicornis was the most frequently collected tick in grass habitats (98.9%), while H. flava was more frequently collected in deciduous (60.2%) and conifer (57.4%) forest habitats. While more H. flava (54.1%) were collected in mixed forest habitats than H. longicornis (35.2%), the differences were not significant. I. nipponensis was more frequently collected from conifer (mean 8.8) compared to deciduous (3.2) and mixed (2.4) forests.

Keywords

References

  1. Murphy GL, Ewing SA, Whitworth LC, Fox JC, Kocan AA. A molecular and serologic survey of Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, and E. ewingii in dogs and ticks from Oklahoma. Vet Parasitol 1998; 79: 325-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4017(98)00179-4
  2. Chiba N, Osada M, Komoro K, Mizutani T, Kariwa H, Takashima I. Protection against tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated in Japan by active and passive immunization. Vaccine 1999; 17: 1532-1539. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00360-0
  3. Alekseev AN, Dubinina HV, Van De Pol I, Schouls LM. Identification of Ehrlichia species and Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes ticks in the Baltic Regions of Russia. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 2237-2242. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.39.6.2237-2242.2001
  4. Lee JH, Park HS, Jung KD, Jang WJ, Koh SE, Kang SS, Lee IY, Lee WJ, Kim BJ, Kook YH, Park KH, Lee SH. Identification of the spotted fever group rickettsiae detected from Haemaphysalis longicornis in Korea. Microbiol Immunol 2003; 47: 301-304. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03399.x
  5. Chae JS, Kim CM, Kim EH, Hur EJ, Klein TA, Kang TK, Lee HC, Song JW. Molecular epidemiological study for tick-borne disease (Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species) surveillance at selected U.S. military training sites/installations in Korea. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003; 990: 118-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07349.x
  6. Kim CM, Kim JY, Yi YH, Lee MJ, Cho MR, Shah DH, Klein TA, Kim HC, Song JW, Chong ST, O'Guinn ML, Lee JS, Lee IY, Park JH, Chae JS. Detection of Bartonella species from ticks, mites and small mammals in Korea. J Vet Sci 2005; 6: 327-334.
  7. Kang JG, Kim HC, Choi CY, Nam HY, Chae HY, Klein TA, Ko SJ, Chae JS. Molecular detection of Anaplasma, Bartonella and Borrelia species in ticks collected from migratory birds from Hong-do Island, Republic of Korea. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis 2013; 13: 215-225. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2012.1149
  8. Park KH, Lee SH, Won WJ, Jang WJ, Chang WH. Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, from Ixodes ticks in Korea. J Korean Soc Microbiol 1992; 27: 307-312.
  9. Kee S, Hwang KJ, Oh HB, Kim MB, Shim JC, Ree HI, Park KS. Isolation and identification of Borrelia burgdorferi in Korea. J Korean Soc Microbiol 1994; 29: 301-310.
  10. Kim SY, Yun SM, Han MG, Lee IY, Lee NY, Jeong YE, Lee BC, Ju YR. Isolation of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from wild rodents, South Korea. Vector-borne Zoonotic Dis 2008; 8: 7-13. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2006.0634
  11. Kim SY, Jeong YE, Yun SM, Lee IY, Han MG, Ju YR. Molecular evidence for tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks in South Korea. Med Vet Entomol 2009; 23: 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00755.x
  12. Ko S, Kang JG, Kim SY, Klein TA, Kim HC, Chong ST, Sames WJ, Yun SM, Ju YR, Chae JS. Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks from southern Korea. J Vet Sci 2010; 11: 197-203. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2010.11.3.197
  13. Kim HC, Ko S, Choi CY, Nam HY, Chae HY, Chong ST, Klein TA, Sames WJ, Robbins RG, Chae JS. Migratory bird tick surveillance, including a new record of Haemaphysalis ornithophila Hoogstral and Kohls 1959 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Hong-do (Hong Island), Republic of Korea. Syst Appl Acarol 2009; 14: 3-10. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.14.1.1
  14. Kim HC, Chong ST, Sames WJ, Nunn PV, Wolf SP, Robbins RG, Klein TA. Tick surveillance of small mammals captured in Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, Republic of Korea, 2004-2008. Syst Appl Acarol 2010; 15: 100-108. https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.15.2.2
  15. Kim HC, Han SH, Chong ST, Klein TA, Choi CY, Nam HY, Chae HY, Lee H, Ko SJ, Kang JG, Chae JS. Tick collected from selected mammalian hosts surveyed in the Republic of Korea during 2008-2009. Korean J Parasitol 2011; 49: 331-335. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2011.49.3.331
  16. Fajfer M. Acari (Chelicerata)-Parasites of Reptiles, Acarina 2012; 20: 108-129.
  17. Song JW, Moon SS, Gu SH, Song KJ, Baek LJ, Kim HC, Kijek T, O'Guinn ML, Lee JS, Turell MJ, Klein TA. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in 4 US soldiers, South Korea, 2005. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 15: 1833-1836. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1511.090076
  18. Sames WJ, Klein TA, Kim HC, Gu SH, Kang HJ, Shim SH, Ha SJ, Chong ST, Lee IY, Richards AL, Yi SH, Song JW. Serological surveillance of scrub typhus, murine typhus, and leptospirosis in small mammals captured at Twin Bridges training area, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, 2005-2007. Mil Med 2010; 175: 48-54. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-05-1308
  19. Klein TA, Kang HJ, Gu SH, Moon SS, Shim SH, Park YM, Lee SY, Kim HC, Chong ST, O'Guinn ML, Lee JS, Turell MJ, Song JW. Hantaan virus surveillance targeting small mammals at Dagmar North training area, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea, 2001-2005. J Vector Ecol 2011; 36: 373-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2011.00178.x
  20. Chong ST, Kim HC, Lee IY, Kollars TM, Jr., Sancho AR, Sames WJ, Klein TA. Comparison of dragging and sweeping methods for collecting ticks and determining their seasonal distributions for various habitats, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea. J Med Entomol 2013; 50: 611-618. https://doi.org/10.1603/ME12032
  21. Daniels TJ, Boccia TM, Varde S, Marcus J, Le J, Bucher DJ, Falco RC, Schwartz I. Geographic risk for Lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in southern New York State. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64: 4663-4669.
  22. Scoles GA, Papero M, Beati L, Fish D. A relapsing fever group spirochete transmitted by Ixodes scapularis ticks. Vectorborne Zoonotic Dis 2001; 1: 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1089/153036601750137624
  23. Carroll JF, Schmidtmann ET. Tick sweep: Modification of the tick drag-flag method for sampling nymphs of the deer tick (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol 1992; 29: 352-355. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/29.2.352
  24. Yamaguti N, Tipton VJ, Keegan HL, Toshioka S. Ticks of Japan, Korea, and the Ryukyu Islands. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin 1971; 15: 1-226. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25691
  25. Robbins RG, Keirans JK. Systematics and Ecology of the Subgenus Ixodiopsis (Acari: Ixodidae: Ixodes). Thomas Say Foundation Monograph XIV. Lanham, Maryland. Entomological Society of America. 1992, viii + 159 pp.
  26. Chae JS, Yu DH, Shringi S, Klein TA, Kim HC, Chong ST, Lee IY, Foley J. Microbial pathogens in ticks, rodents, and a shrew in northern Gyeonggi-do near the DMZ, Korea. J Vet Sci 2008; 9: 285-293. https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2008.9.3.285
  27. Kim CM, Yi YH, Yu DH, Lee MJ, Cho MR, Desai AR, Shringi S, Klein TA, Kim HC, Song JW, Baek LJ, Chong ST, O'Guinn ML, Lee JS, Lee IY, Park JH, Foley J, Chae JS. Tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in ticks and small mammals in Korea. Applied Environ Microbiol 2006; 72: 5766-5776. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00431-06

Cited by

  1. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus, Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus, and Migratory Birds vol.43, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2013.43.4.235
  2. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks Collected from Humans, South Korea, 2013 vol.20, pp.8, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2008.131857
  3. No Detection of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus from Ixodid Ticks Collected in Seoul vol.52, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.2.221
  4. Phylogenetic Analysis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in South Korea and Migratory Bird Routes Between China, South Korea, and Japan vol.93, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0047
  5. 경기도 포천, 강원도 철원지역에서 진드기의 계절적 발생 유형 vol.47, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.15324/kjcls.2015.47.3.147
  6. Detection of SFTS Virus inIxodes nipponensisandAmblyomma testudinarium(Ixodida: Ixodidae) Collected From Reptiles in the Republic of Korea vol.53, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjw007
  7. Prevalence of Anaplasma , Bartonella and Borrelia Species in Haemaphysalis longicornis collected from goats in North Korea vol.17, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2016.17.2.207
  8. 지리산둘레길에서 채집한 참진드기의 분포와 참진드기에서의 중증열성혈소판감소증후군바이러스 검출 vol.39, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7853/kjvs.2016.39.2.75
  9. Identification of Tick Species Collected from Wild Boars and Habitats of Wild Boars and Domestic Pigs in the Republic of Korea vol.55, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.2.185
  10. 관악산에서 참진드기 조사 및 중증열성혈소판감소증후군 바이러스 검출 vol.57, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.2017.57.3.169
  11. Francisella-Like Endosymbiont Detected in Haemaphysalis Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) From the Republic of Korea vol.54, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjx123
  12. Molecular detection of Rickettsia species in ticks collected from the southwestern provinces of the Republic of Korea vol.10, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1955-x
  13. A Study on the Public Health Disasters using Meteorological Factor: Scrub Typhus in South Korea vol.18, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2018.18.3.343
  14. Molecular characterization of Haemaphysalis longicornis-borne rickettsiae, Republic of Korea and China vol.9, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.07.013
  15. Prevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks Collected from National Parks in Korea vol.19, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2018.2338
  16. Seasonal Occurrence of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) and Haemaphysalis flava, Vectors of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) in South Korea vol.56, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz033
  17. Epidemiological Investigation of Tick Species from Near Domestic Animal Farms and Cattle, Goat, and Wild Boar in Korea vol.57, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2019.57.3.319
  18. Development of magnetic attraction systems to mark and recapture a medically important vector, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) vol.54, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-019-00620-6
  19. Assessment of potential effects and detection efficacy of a fluorescent marking system on a medically important hard tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) vol.75, pp.10, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5383
  20. Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma spp. in Korean Native Goats from Ulsan Metropolitan City, Korea vol.19, pp.10, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2018.2374
  21. Evaluation of the efficacy of ivermectin against Theileria orientalis infection in grazing cattle vol.15, pp.None, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2042-2
  22. Molecular Identification of Borrelia afzelii from Ticks Parasitizing Domestic and Wild Animals in South Korea vol.8, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050649
  23. Molecular and Phylogenetic Analysis of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Parasitizing Native Korean Goats ( Capra hircus coreanae ) in South Korea vol.9, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9020071
  24. Molecular genetic analysis and clinical characterization of Rickettsia species isolated from the Republic of Korea in 2017 vol.67, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13525
  25. Epidemiological Characteristics of Field Tick-Borne Pathogens in Gwang-ju Metropolitan Area, South Korea, from 2014 to 2018 vol.11, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.4.06
  26. Characterization of overwintering sites of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) and tick infection rate with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from eight provinces in South Kore vol.11, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101490
  27. A Model for the Production of Regulatory Grade Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Exposure Stocks: From Field Surveillance to Advanced Characterization of SFTSV vol.12, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.3390/v12090958
  28. 2019년 경북 상주 지역 환경별 참진드기 분포 조사 및 중증열성혈소판감소증후군 바이러스 검출 vol.59, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5656/ksae.2020.06.0.019
  29. A life stage-targeted acaricide application approach for the control of Haemaphysalis longicornis vol.12, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101581
  30. Seasonal Activity of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in Southern New York State vol.58, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa203
  31. Distribution and Density of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) on Public Lands in Pennsylvania, United States vol.58, pp.3, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa274
  32. Seasonal distribution of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) and detection of SFTS virus in Gyeongbuk Province, Republic of Korea, 2018 vol.221, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106012
  33. Novel viruses in hard ticks collected in the Republic of Korea unveiled by metagenomic high-throughput sequencing analysis vol.12, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101820
  34. Morphological and molecular identification of medically important questing Dermacentor species collected from some recreational areas of Peninsular Malaysia vol.98, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-021-10008-2
  35. A clinical case of bovine anemia due to Theileria orientalis group in a non-grazed dairy cow in the upper part of South Korea vol.61, pp.4, 2013, https://doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.2021.61.e33