• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.405-409
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• 2000

We have studied the genome of an obligately commensal thermophile, Symbiobacterium toebii. The chromosome was extracted from pure cultures of S. toebii recently established. Total DNA of S. toebii was resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) into discrete numbers of fragments by digenstion with the endonuclease SspI, SpeI, XbaI, and HpaI. Estimated sizes of fragments produced by the four enzymes and their sum consistently yielded a total genome size of 2.8 Mb. Because restriction endonucleases NotI and SwaI, recognizing 8 bp, released too many fragments, these enzymes could not be used for the estimation of the genome size. Considering no mobility of undigested genome under PFGE, the genome of S. toebii appears to be circular. The presence of extrachromosomal DNA in S. toebii was excluded by the results of the conventional 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and the field inversion gel electrophoresis of undigested S. toebii DNA.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.493-497
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• 2002

The polyphenol compounds of Korea ginseng radix were extracted with 60% acetone for 4 days at room temperature and purified using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, MCI gel column chromatography, Bondapak $C_{18}$, column chromatography, TLC and HPLC. As a result in three compounds were isolated from Korean ginseng. In the inhibitory activities of angiotensin converting enzyme, compound Ⅱ showed the highest value of 31.86% inhibition at 157 ppm. Compound I showed 19.4% inhibition at 157 ppm. In the inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase, compound I, II showed complete inhibition at 666 ppm but compound III didn't have inhibitory activity. In the inhibitory activities of tyrosninase, compound III showed 6.1% inhibition at 300 ppm and 28.6% at 400 ppm.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.881-892
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• 1995

Sol-Gel derived ferroelectric PZT thin films were fabricated on ITO/Glass substrate. Two kinds of rapid thermal annealing methods, R-I (six times of intermediate and final annealing) and R-II (one final annealing after six times of intermediate annealing) were used for preparation of multi-coated PZT thin films. 2500$\AA$-thick PZT thin films were obtained by the R-I and R-II methods and characterized by microstructure and dielectric properties. In case of using R-II, the microstructure was finer than that of R-I and there was no distinguishable difference in dielectric properties of PZT thin films between the R-I and R-II methods. But dielectric properties were enhanced by increasing perovskite phase fraction with increasing annealing temperature. Measured dielectric constant of PZT thin film annealed at 62$0^{\circ}C$ using the R-I method was 256 at 1kHz. Its remanant polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) were 14.4$\mu$C/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 64kV/cm, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 1999

Gelatinization characteristics of 111 glutinous rice varieties were evaluated by Rapid Visco Analyzer. Gelatinization viscosity of glutinous rice tested varied with ecotypes or varietal groups: indica, japonica, and Tongil type. Indica rice showed the highest average value of initial pasting temperature. The average values for peak, hot, and cool viscosities were highest in Tongil-type rice, and lowest in japonica rice. Japonica showed the lowest breakdown and consistency, but the highest setback value. Indica was lower in alkali digestion value (ADV), and shorter in gel length after gelatinization thanjaponica and Tongil-type. Glutinous rices tested could be divided into six groups by cluster analysis based on their gelatinization characteristics. Group I-A was mostly early maturing japonica varieties while I-B was mostly indica and Tongil-type rices. Groups II-A and II-B were consisted of very early maturingjaponica, and III-A and III-B included medium or medium late maturingjaponica varieties. Group III-A showed the lowest average values of peak, hot, cool, and consistency viscosities, and also in breakdown and setback ratios. Group I-B revealed the highest values in peak, hot, cool, breakdown, and consistency viscosities. ADV was low in groups I-A, I-B, and II-B, and gel consistency was not different among the six varietal groups. Principal component analysis using seven traits related with gelatinization produced four effective components, and the first and second components were highly correlated with all the gelatinization characters evaluated.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.257-264
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• 2010

Purpose: Connective tissue reattachment to periodontally damaged root surfaces is one of the most important goals of periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a root conditioning agent that can demineralize and detoxify the infected root surface. Methods: Dentin slices obtained from human teeth were treated with a novel root planing agent for 2 minutes and then washed with phosphate-buffered saline. Smear layer removal and type I collagen exposure were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and type I collagen immunostaining, respectively. Cell attachment and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) removal demonstrated the efficiency of the root conditioning agent. Results: SEM revealed that the smear layer was entirely removed and the dentinal tubules were opened by the experimental gel. Type I collagen was exposed on the surfaces of the dentin slices treated by the experimental gel, which were compared with dentin treated with other root planing agents. Dentin slices treated with the experimental gel showed the highest number of attached fibroblasts and flattened cell morphology. The agar diffusion assay demonstrated that the experimental gel also has effective antimicrobial activity. Escherichia coli LPS were effectively removed from well plates by the experimental gel. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that this experimental gel is a useful tool for root conditioning of infected root surfaces and can also be applied for detoxification of ailing implant surface threads.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 2006

If autogenous nail is lost in nail bed injuries, alternative effective nail bed protection material is questionable in postoperative follow up period. The conventional modality with autogenous nail coverage have several disadvantages such as drawback of maintenance, higher chance of loss and complex dressing step (eg. ointment apply for humidification and nail fixation using tape or bandage). So, we have studied the usefulness of adhesive silicone gel sheet for alternative nail bed protection material until the end of nail regeneration. From March 2003 to July 2004, we have experienced 215 traumatic nail bed injuries except fingertip loss. Among these patient, we classified two groups, 30 cases with autogenous nail protection(Group I) and 30 cases with adhesive silicone gel sheet protection(Group II). Mean full nail growth time was 3.6 months in group I and 3.8 months in group II. Mean final nail appearance score(0: poor, 4: excellent) was 3.0 in group I and 3.5 in group II. Adhesive silicone gel sheet protection(Group II) was slightly superior to the autogenous nail protection in final appearance, especially sterile matrix laceration. In conclusion, we believe that adhesive silicone gel sheet application is a simple, acceptable, alternative method for protecting nail bed with loss of autogenous nail. It has a number of advantages compared with autogenous nail such as better humidification, controllable hygiene, less pain, less hospitalization, less frequent visit, less chance of loss, avoiding complex dressing step and more even pressure with adhesiveness, flexibility and durability.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 1995

Three new lectins, MLA-I, MLA-II and MLA-III, have been isolatedand purified from the hemolymph of Meretrix lusoria and reported previously. Biophysicochemical characteristics were investigated with these three MLA lectins. The MLA lectins agglutinated human erythrocytes non specifically and proved as D-galactose group carbohydrate specific. Molecular weight of ML.A-I. II and III were estimated to be 330, 500 and 310KD, respectively, by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B column. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, ML.A-I was dissociated into a single subunit of 42KD, MLA-II was into the twelve subunits of 46, 32, 30, 28, 25, 23. 22, 20. 19, 16, 15, and 14KD, and MLA-III was into the two subunits of 72 and 44KD. The pl of MLA-I, II, III were 4.0. 4.9 and 5.0. Amino acid analysis revealed a high contents of acidic and hydroxy amino acids, and a paucity of sulfur containing amino acids. Proline was not contained in MLA-II.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.97-110
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• 1999

The new stick make-up product was studied by using a gel, which is a viscous complex formed with clay minerals, vitamins A and I and fluorinated liquid polymer with a 1500 molecular weight. The gel cannot be obtained with any random combination of clay minerals and the ingredients described above. It takes the sequential manufacturing method as follows to get this kind of gel. Firstly, clay minerals and liquid polymers have ·to be pre-mixed in order to saturate the liquid polymers with the clay minerals. Then tile on-processed gel has to be finely crystallized. The clay minerals, which are the core elements for this gel, were used as a function of Binder & Buffer and liquid polymer was mixed together for the deterioration of the surface tension of each component and to from a functional film in the gel. This liquid polymer was combined with clay minerals because it is not miscible with most oils and solvents. Waxes have a function of keeping a solid status in the stick. We reduced the usage of waxes by putting clay minerals as buffer in the proportion of 0.5 : 1 with oil phase. Ceramide takes care of the skin when used regularly and maintains the skin’s moisture. Vitamins A and I contribute to preventing skin’aging by the activation of skin cells. We could get the stable viscous gel, which has about 80% oil phase using clay minerals and liquid polymer, The crystal 1 me structures of gel were surface-chemical1y-analyzed using SEM and Image Analyzer and were thermodynamically analyzed using DSC, Surface tension test and softness were done by Rheometer. In the end, these characteristics were verified by consumer panel tests in Seoul, Baegeon and Pusan in Korea and Hokkaido, Oska and Miyazaki in Japan with correlation to the climate.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.219-227
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• 1993

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 5% tetracycline(Tc) with or without citric acid on periodontally diseased root surfaces. Six single-rooted teeth extracted from one patient was selected and received thorough scaling and root planning, followed by saline irrigation. Each one tooth was divided into eight fragments with a thin separating disc. Total 48 fragments were prepared and setted into 4 groups for this study. Group I (control group)were treated with saline. Group II were treated with 5% Tc gel. Group III were treated with 33% citric acid-5% Tc gel. Group IV were treated with Tc solution. All the specimens are evaluated under Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM). Group I showed large amount of debris in spite of thorough scaling and root planing, but Group II, III & IV showed clean and soft root surface texture. In higher magnification(x3, 000), Group II, III & IV showed nunmerous dentinal tubules, especially Group IV showed collagen fibrils. In the present study, Tc gel and Tc gel with citric showed clinically successful result when treated on periodontally diseased root surface, in vitro.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.11
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• pp.105-108
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• 1969

본(本) 실험(實驗)에 사용(使用)된 Gel로는 Sephadex G-200, G-100과 G-75로써 fractionation은 대체(大體)로 호조건에서 이루어 졌다. G-200과 G-100의 경우에 있어서는 갈색색소의 분자크기가 서로 다른 2개(個)의 Peak를 얻을 수 있었고 Colume에 투입된 시료(試料)는 완전(完全)히 회수(回收)되었다. G-75의 경우에는 갈색색소와 분자 크기가 작은 다른 물질(物質)과를 분리(分離)할 수 있었으나 약간의 시료(試料)는 Gel에 흡착되어 완전(完全)히 회수(回收)할 수 없었다. 발효실험의 결과를 종합해 보면 우선 갈색색소를 함유하늘 모든 fraction은 발효초기에 활성(活性)을 보이며 분자크기가 작은 물질의 구획(區劃)에서는 강하고도 점증되는 활성(活性)을 관찰할 수 있었다. Sephadex Gel에 의(依)한 fractionation은 첫째로 작업(作業)도중에 시료(試料)의 변질현상(變質現象)이 없다는 것과 둘째로 갈색색소를 그들의 분자크기에 따라 분획(分劃)할 수 있다는 이점(利點)들이 있다.