• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-62
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• 2002

About the YinYang, Wang Bing used the twelve shoshickgue to explain the rise and decline of the twelve months in "Essential Questions GinYoGyungJongRon" and "Essential Questions Mekhae". And he used the principal of "when an object goes to extremes it reverses" to explain "shao fire", "invigorating fire" which shows an example of a good application of the theory of yinyang in "the Book of Changes" to "The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon". Explanation of the five phases usually follows the explanation of the "Sangsu Hongbum" but when arranging the five live stocks to the five phases, he refered to the "SulGueJun" and made annotations.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.874-881
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• 2014

This study presents a single-phase power factor correction AC-DC converter that operates in discontinuous conduction mode. This converter uses the pulse-width modulation technique to achieve almost unity power factor and low total harmonic distortion of input current for universal input voltage $90V_{rms}$ to $264V_{rms}$) applications. The converter has a simple structure and electrical isolation. The magnetizing-inductor energy of the transformer can be recycled to the output without an additional third winding. The steady-state analysis of voltage gain and boundary operating conditions are discussed in detail. Finally, experimental results are shown to verify the performance of the proposed converter.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.407-410
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• 2013

Secret sharing is that a dealer distributes a piece of information (called a share) about a secret to each participant such that authorized subsets of participants can reconstruct the secret but unauthorized subsets of participants cannot determine the secret. In this paper, an access structure can be represented by a label graph G, where a vertex denotes a participant and a complete subgraph of G corresponds to a minimal authorized subset. The vertices of G are labeled into distinct vectors uniquely determined by the maximum prohibited structure. Based on such a label graph, a verifiable secret sharing scheme realizing general access structures is proposed. A major advantage of this scheme is that it applies to any access structure, rather than only structures representable as previous graphs, i.e., the access structures of rank two. Furthermore, verifiability of the proposed scheme can resist possible internal attack performed by malicious participants, who want to obtain additional shares or provide a fake share to other participants.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-58
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• 2008

The nursing informatics has been booming in Taiwan since 2003 when we started to use the end user computing strategy to promote it. We used Excel 2003, which was well known and used by our clinical nurses, as well as the embedded VBA to teach them how simple information applications could and should be built to meet their information management needs in order to support their professional responsibility. Many cost-effective projects were successfully done and the importance and potentials of nursing informatics started to be noticed. Our training strategy and materials are introduced in this paper.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1145-1149
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• 2004

Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in poultry production. This experiment was carried out to test the effect of $\beta$-glucan supplementation on the growth performance and immune response in broilers. Total of 160 day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups fed corn-soybean diets containing 0, 0.012, 0.025 or 0.05% of $\beta$-glucan supplement in a 6 week feeding experiment. Growth performance, antibody titer against New Castle vaccine, lymphocyte blastogensis, and peritoneal macrophage chemotaxis activity of broilers were evaluated. Results showed that there were no significant differences in weight gain and feed efficiency among the treatments, and no differences in antibody titer was observed. Supplementation of $\beta$-glucan did not elevate the lymphocyte blastogensis among treatments, following stimulation with different mitogens. However, supplementation with 0.025 and 0.05% $\beta$-glucan enhanced the macrophage chemotaxis activity of broilers. These results suggest that $\beta$-glucan may enhance some cell-mediated immune responses of chickens by modulate macrophages ability.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1503-1507
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• 2006

Goats' milk adulteration with cows' milk is becoming a big problem. In the past, the urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay with different motility of ${\alpha}S1$-casein has been applied for the identification of cows' milk adulteration. The detection sensitivity is 1.0%. The aim of this study was to develop a faster and more sensitive method to detect cows' milk which may be present in adulterated goats' milk and goats' milk powder. The published primer was targeted at highly conserved regions in bovine mitochondrial DNA (a 271 bp amplicon). This amplicon was cloned and sequenced to further confirm bovine specific sequence. The chelex-100 was used to separate bovine somatic cells from goats' milk or goats' milk powder samples. Random sampling of different brands of goats' milk powder and tablets from various regions of Taiwan showed the adulterated rate was 20 out of 80 (25%) in goats' milk powders and 12 out of 24 (50%) in goats' milk tablets. With this system, as low as 0.1% cows' milk or cows' milk powder in goat milk or goat milk powder could be identified. This chelex DNA isolation approach provides a fast, highly reproducible and sensitive method for detecting the adulteration of goats' milk products.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (Cr) on the growth performance, bone trait, serum traits, and immune responses in broilers. The broilers were fed corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with Cr at level of 0(control), 200, 400, or 800 ppb in the form of chromium picolinate (CrPic). The broilers were fed treated diets for 6 weeks in Exp. 1, but the Cr supplement was removed for the last 3 weeks in Exp. 2. Exp. 1 showed that dietary supplement of Cr did not affect growth performance of the broiler, though improved feed efficiency (p<0.05) was observed during 0 to 3 weeks. Moreover, serum total (p<0.05) and HDL cholesterols (p<0.06) were significantly higher in pooled Cr added group at 6 weeks of age, however, the difference was not significant in Exp. 2. The pooled Cr added group in Exp.1 had significantly lower (p<0.05) alkaline phosphatase activity and higher (p<0.09) calcium at 3 weeks. Significantly lower phosphorus was also observed in Exp. 2. With continued supplement of Cr as in Exp. 1, the alkaline phosphatase activity maintained higher at 6 weeks, as opposed to significantly lower in Exp. 2, which had no further Cr supplement. Higher bone breaking strength was observed in 400 ppb Cr supplemented in Exp. 1, though not significantly different. Serum glucose and triglyceride were not affected by Cr supplement. Antibody against Infectious Bronchitis (IB) was significantly (p<0.05) higher with 400 ppb Cr supplemented, and anti-Newcastle disease (ND) antibody also tended to be higher (p<0.06) in pooled Cr added group at 6 weeks of age in Exp. 1. Peripheral blood blastogenesis activity was not different among the treatments. The results suggest that diet supplemented with 400 ppb CrPic may be beneficial to the broiler.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.257-272
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• 2022

In addition to inducing apoptosis, caspase inhibition contributes to necroptosis and/or autophagy depending on the cell type and cellular context. In macrophages, necroptosis can be induced by co-treatment with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] for TLR4 and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly I:C] for TLR3) and a cell-permeable pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD. Here, we elucidated the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of cell death. We showed that LPS/zVAD- and poly I:C/zVAD-induced cell death in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was inhibited by receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) inhibitor necrostatin-1 and autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Electron microscopic images displayed autophagosome/autolysosomes, and immunoblotting data revealed increased LC3II expression. Although zVAD did not affect LPS- or poly I:C-induced activation of IKK, JNK, and p38, it enhanced IRF3 and STAT1 activation as well as type I interferon (IFN) expression. In addition, zVAD inhibited ERK and Akt phosphorylation induced by LPS and poly I:C. Of note, zVAD-induced enhancement of the IRF3/IFN/STAT1 axis was abolished by necrostatin-1, while zVAD-induced inhibition of ERK and Akt was not. Our data further support the involvement of autocrine IFNs action in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent necroptosis, LPS/zVAD-elicited ROS production was inhibited by necrostatin-1, neutralizing antibody of IFN receptor (IFNR) and JAK inhibitor AZD1480. Accordingly, both cell death and ROS production induced by TLR ligands plus zVAD were abrogated in STAT1 knockout macrophages. We conclude that enhanced TRIF-RIP1-dependent autocrine action of IFNβ, rather than inhibition of ERK or Akt, is involved in TLRs/zVAD-induced autophagic and necroptotic cell death via the JAK/STAT1/ROS pathway.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.145-167
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• 2000

Jiu Qi(九氣) was shown at Ju Tong Lun(擧痛論) in Shao Wen(素問) Huang Ti Nei Ching(黃帝內經), and is nine important factors that affect the function of human body. Jiu Qi concludes endogenous, exogenous, non-endo-exogenous factors. I do the bibliographical study on the Jiu Qi, the results were as follows; 1. The Qi of Jiu Qi has two opposite meanings. one is genuine vital energy(正氣), and the other is the factors causing abnormal state in vital energy. Jiu Qi is nine factors concluding coldness-heat(exogenous factors). six emotional factors(endogenous factor), overworking(non -endo-exogenous factor). 2. Anger may lead to abnormal rising of vital energy. Anger causes Qi of the liver to go perversely upward, and perverted flow of exuberant Qi of the liver lead to dysfunction of the spleen, so resulted in hematemesis, diarrhea, indigestion. 3. Joy can promote the harmony of vital energy and blood, so do the circulation of nutrient and defensive energy in physiological state. But an excessive joy may lead to the sluggishness of vital energy. 4. The lung keeps the pathway of air unconstructed, disseminates vital energy, cleanses the inspired air and keeps vital energy flowing downward. Sorrow affects on the function of the lung and the heart, so could result in obstruction of the circulation of nutrient and defensive energy. An excessive sorrow after stagnation may lead to the consumption of vital energy. 5. Fear makes vital energy and essence of the kidney sink to inward and downside, makes Yang-Qi can't go upward, so causes obstruction of triple wanner. An excessive fear can obstructs the ascending of Yang-Qi, so may lead to the abnormal falling of vital energy. 6. Coldness makes the sweat pore be contracted, so obstructs the circulation of triple warmer, causes sluggishness of defensive energy or Qi of the internal organ. 7. Heat makes the sweat pore be open, much amount of sweat is excreted with Yang-Qi, defensive energy, vital energy. Heat may consume vital energy. 8. Sudden fright affects on spirits of the heart and liver, causes disorder of the mental faculties and separation of blood and vital energy. Fright may lead to disorder of Qi. 9. Overwork concludes overfatigue and exhaustion caused by intemperance in sexual life. Overwork renders vital energy consumed, and hence results in lassitude and listlessness. 10. Thinking affects on the function of the heart and the spleen. Over thinking may lead to depression of vital energy. Through the bibliographical study on Jiu Qi, I got smallest amount of it, and this must be more investigated correlating with clinical study.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2009

In this thesis, the emphasis is laid especially on the culture & structure of Huizhou Province, China as the prime mover of the specifically-regional Huizhou $X{\bar{i}}n^{\prime}{\bar{a}}n$ medicine. Huizhou was the home town & stronghold of Neo-coufucian masters Cheng-Zhu (Cheng brothers and Zhu-hsi)". The tradition of the region as "The arts province" resulted in the flourishing trend of nurturing prominent Confucian-doctors. The remarkable all round activities of Huizhou Merchants (新安商人 $X{\bar{i}}n^{\prime}{\bar{a}}nsh{\bar{a}}ngr{\acute{e}}n$), as the reigning power merchant at the period were the second mover of the Zeitgeist. Their nation-wide network all over China made it possible to gain valuable inlormation and access to news including the field of medicine in time. Some merchants actually have "abandoned their own jobs to become doctors of medicine". This Confucian-Merchant culture was one of intrinsic characteristics of Huizhou region, inducing "Pragmatic Scholarship". With the enlargement of the population of Confucian-tumed doctors and improvement of the societal status of doctors, the resultant occupational triad of local Confucian govemment officials, local $X{\bar{i}}n^{\prime}{\bar{a}}nsh{\bar{a}}ngr{\acute{e}}n$ merchants, and local doctors was established after the Middle-Ming Dynasty. Ultimately, the two prime movers of the concomitant development of medicine in the Province Huizhou in this study are concluded to be the synergy effects of the Neo-Confucian tradition and economic power of the prevalent Huizhou Merchants ($X{\bar{i}}n^{\prime}{\bar{a}}nsh{\bar{a}}ngr{\acute{e}}n$).