• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.833-852
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• 1996

Regular long term dance movement could be one of ways to induce improvement of psychophysiological variables, resulting in improvement of quality of life. However, there have been few studies to evaluate the effect of dance movement training on both physiological and psychological variables in the elderly. This study was focused to determine the effect of Korean traditional dance movement training on psychophysiological variables-body weight, body fat, lean body mass, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, resting heart rate and blood pressure, depression and life satisfaction-in Korean elderly women. Thirty four subjects, aged between 65 and 75years who have normal cognition, sensory function, cerebellum function, cardiovascular function, participated in this study. Seventeen experimental group subjects were selected from E-elderly university in Kyung Gi province, and Seventeen control group subjects were selected from N-welfare facility in Seoul City. Seventeen experimental group subjects participated for 12weeks dance movement program. Korean traditional dance movement program was developed on the basis of Korean traditional dance and music by the author. The program consisted of approximately 50minutes of dance, 3times a week for 12weeks. During 50minutes workout, there were 15minutes of warm-up dancing, 25minutes of conditioning dance and 10minutes of cool-down dancing. The intensity for the conditioning phase was at between 60% and 65% of age-adjusted maximum heart rates. The body weight, body fat, lean body mass, muscle strength(grip strength, leg strength), muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, resting heart rate and blood pressure, depression and life satis-faction were measured prior to and following the experimental treatment. The participants in dance movement were interviewed focusing on subjective feeling following 12 week's regular dance movement. Data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, percentage of change, X²-test, t-test, and ANCOVA test using SPSS PC/sup +/ program. Subjective feeling was categorized into cognitopsy-chological and physiological responses. Results were obtained as follows : 1) The body weight (F=15.52, p=.000), body fat (F=18.33, p=.000) and lean body mass (F=7.28, p=.011) of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the dance movement training. 2) The leg strength (F=30.96, p=.000), muscle endurance (F=9.06, p=.005), agility(F=44.92, 000), flexibility(F=6.84, p=.014) of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group following the dance movement training. There was no significant difference of grip strength(F=.43, p=.515) between experimental and control groups. 3) The heart rate(F=26.96, p=.000), systolic (F=10.40, p=.000) and diastolic(F=3.99, p=.005) blood pressure at rest of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group following the dance movement training. 4) No significant difference of score of depression (F=3.49, p=.071) was observed between experimental and control groups. 5) Score of life satisfaction of experimental group was remarkably higher than that of control group following 12weeks of dance movement training (p<0.05). 6) Thematic responses about the dance movement following the training were positive. "I feel good" was the most frequent among cognitopsychological responses and "I feel lightness of body" was the most frequent among physiological responses. The results suggest that Korean traditional dance movement training can improve psychophysiological variables of Korean elderly.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2000

In the previous paper (Kim et al., Glycoconjugate Journal 16, 247-252, 1999), heteropolysaccharides from Korean medicinal plant, Phellodendri cortex (Hwangbek) showed a poten B-Iymphocyte-stimulating activity in a system using polyclonal antibody forming cells in C57BL/6XC3H mice at dosages of 2-10 mg. In a series of biolgical active polysaccharides from natural medicinal plants, the polysaccharide fractions were isolated and purified from Phellodendron chinese SCHNEID, and antitumor activities were examined at dosages of 2, 5 and 10 mg/100 g. F-7 and F-8 showed the highest tumor inhibitory activities (inhibition ratio 96.4 and 98.2% in 2 mg/100 g), and in dose of 5 mg/100 g, the inhibitory ratios were 95.3 and 97.5%, respectively. Furthermore, 10 mg/100 g of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection gave 97.3 and 98.7% of inhibition. In oral administration, the inhibitory activities were not markedly observed, indicating that the polysaccharides are directly acting to immune system. When the effects on TS and TK activities were determined, TS activities in the F-2 and F-7-treated mice were markedly suppressed to 73.7% and 79.5% of that in the control (p<0.01), while there was little difference in TK activity with a slight decrease in F-2 only. However, in i.p. injection, TS activities in the F-2, F-5, F-7 and F-8-treated mice were markedly suppressed to 83% to 85% of that in the control (p<0.01). Furthermore, there was also significant differences in TK activities in F-2, F-5, F-7 and F-8-treated mice (p<0.05). Therefore, polysaccharide fraction F-8 was further purified to active fractions of F-9 and F-11 by gel permeation chromatography using TSK Gel HW50S. The purified polysaccharides of F-9 and F-11 were composed of GlcNAc (47.3%), Gal (24.7%) and Man (28.0%). These results clearly indicated that the i.p. injection is much effective to suppress tumor growth than oral administration.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.341-356
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• 1993

In the prevention of root surface caries, antimicrobial therapy for the control of subgingival and supragingival plaque is seriously considered as a long term suppression of pathogenic microflora. Recently, varnishes containing antimicrobial agents have been developed to control the supragingival microflora. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effects of 20% chlorhexidine varnish and 2.6% silane fluoride varnish with sealant. In clinical experiments, 12 subjects were selected from the periodontally treated patient and divided into 3 groups. After a dental prophylaxis, the subjects were treated with single application of placebo varnish (group I), 20% chlorhexidine varnish (group II), and 2.6% silane fluoride varnish (group III). Root surface plaque samples were taken before (baseline) and one, two, four, and 8 weeks after the treatments. Microbiological examinations of root surface plaque were performed with culture study and indirect immunoflorescence (I.I.F.) study, and immunological examination of gingival crevicular fluid antibody titers was performed with ELISA study. The results were as follows: 1. Pathogenic microflora on the root surface including S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. mitis, A. naeslundii, A. viscosus were 24 - 37% on I.I.F. study. 2. S. mutans, S. sanguis, S. mitis, A. naeslundii, A. viscosus of the root surface plaque was significantly reduced from 1 week to 8 weeks after antimicrobial varnish treatment, but showed generally increasing tendency in control group. 3. Gingival crevicular fluid antibody titers were significantly reduced from 1 or 2 weeks to 4 weeks after antimicrobial varnish treatment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.187-202
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of indomethacin on prostaglandins in 4-Nitroquinoline-N-Oxide (4-NQO) induced palatal carcinoma of albino rats. 128 Sprague-Dawley strain albino rats-about 100g in body weight-were used in this study, divided into as belows; 1. Normal group (16-albino rats) with no treatment, 2. Control group (16-albino rats) treated with prophylene application onto palatal mucosa 3 times a week. 3. Experimental group I (48-albino rats) treated with 0.5% 4-NQO in prophylene application onto palatal mucosa 3 times a week. 4. Experimental group II (48-albino rats) treated with 0.5% 4-NQO in prophylene application with administered $20{\mu}g/ml$ of indomethacin in drinking water ad. lib. Four animals were sacrificed 7th, 13th, 19th, and 25th week respectively in normal and control group, and 7th, 9th, 11th, 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th and 29th week respectively in experimental group I and II at each time. The palatal and lingual tissues were excised and kept frozen at $-70^{\circ}C$. Densitometer scan and Beta-counting counter were used for the thin layer chromatography of the arachidonic acid metabolites. The obtained results were as belows; 1. In normal and control group, there was little change of the arachidonic acid metabolites during experiment period, and the tissue homogenates included prostaglandin $D_2$, 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$, prostaglandin $E_2$, thromboxane $B_2$, prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ in that order of relative abundances. 2. In experimental group I, prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$ were increased, while 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$ were decreased in relative abundances of arachidonic acid metabolites. And there was little change in prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ 3. In experimental group II, prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$ were increased, while 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$ were decreased in relative abundances of arachidonic acid metabolites. And there was little change in prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}$ also. 4. In the range of increase in prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$, and that of decrease in 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$, in relative abundances, there was wider in experimental group I than in group II. 5. In the range of increase in prostaglandin $D_2$, and prostaglandin $E_2$, and that of decrease in 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_{1{\alpha}}$ and thromboxane $B_2$, in relative abundances, there was wider in palatal mucosa than in lingual mucosa in experimental group I and II.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07f
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• pp.2587-2589
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a new control scheme for a PWM inverter using digital control. Digital control has various advantages in comparison with conventional analogue control. It can achieve high frequency switching of inverter and can be little influenced for temperature variations and aging of devices. This digitally-controlled PWM inverter is implemented using a Digital Signal Processor(DSPTMS320F240). The simulation results are given to verify the DSP based PWM inverter design and implementation.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 1978

I have studied on the dental caries incidence of 172 poliomyelitis children who are housed in rehabilitation hospital age from 3 to 13 years compared to a group of normal children. The results were as follows; 1. def rate of the poliomyelitis children was 68.63% (male 66.67%, female 71.43%) and was low value compare with that of control group of 78.64% (M 75.93%, F81.63%). 2. def index per person of poliomyelitis children was 2.37 (M 2.00, F 2.91) and was low in number compare with that of 3.29 (M 3.33, F 3.24) in control group children. 3. DMF rate of the poliomyelitis children was 59.41% (M 54.55%, F 62.79%) and was higher value than that of 48.28% (M 37.88%, F 59.96%) in control group. 4. DMF incidence per person in poliomyelitis was 1.62 (M1.48, F1.89) and was also higher in number than that of 1. 220 (M 0.85, F 1.49) in control group. 5. The dental caries incidence was higher in female than in male.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2016

The purpose of present study is to examine differences between habitual speech (HS) and clear speech (CS) in individuals with mild dysarthria. Twelve speakers with mild dysarthria and twelve healthy control speakers read sentences in two speaking styles. Formant and intensity related values, triangular area, and center of gravity of /a/, /i/, and /u/ were measured. In addition, formant-ratio variables such as vowel space area(VSA), vowel articulatory index (VAI), formant centralization ratio (FCR) and F2i/F1u ratio (F2 ratio) were calculated. The results of repeated-measures ANOVA showed a significant difference in F2 of vowel /i/ and F2 energy of vowel /a/ between groups. Regarding formant energy, F2 energy of vowel /a/ were observed as meaningful variables between speaking styles. There were significant speaking style-by-group interactions for F2 energy of vowel /a/. These findings indicated that current parameters could discriminate healthy group and mild dysarthria group meaningfully and that speaker with dysarthria had larger clear speech benefit than healthy talkers. We also claim that various acoustic changes of clear speech may contribute to improving vowel intelligibility.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2017

Fusarium wilts of strawberry, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, is a serious soil-borne disease. Fusarium wilt causes dramatic yield losses in commercial strawberry production and it is a very stubborn disease to control. Reliable chemical control of strawberry Fusarium wilt disease is not yet available. Moreover, other well-known F. oxysporum have different genetic information from F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae. This analysis investigates the genetic diversity of strawberry Fusairum wilt pathogen. In total, 110 pathogens were isolated from three major strawberry production regions, namely Sukok, Hadong, Sancheong in Gyeongnam province in South Korea. The isolates were confirmed using F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae species-specific primer sets. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analyses were executed using the internal transcribed spacer, intergenic spacer, translation elongation factor1-${\alpha}$, and ${\beta}$-tubulin genes of the pathogens and four restriction enzymes: AluI, HhaI, HinP1I and HpyCH4V. Regarding results, there were diverse patterns in the three gene regions except for the ${\beta}$-tubulin gene region. Correlation analysis of strawberry cultivation region, cultivation method, variety, and phenotype of isolated pathogen, confirmed that genetic diversity depended on the classification of the cultivated region.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 1997

he scintillation detector having $BaF^2$ crystal with 3.6cm dia${\times}$2.0 cm thick was provided. The energy and timing characteristics were measured and compared with NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors, which widely used in unclear medicine. In order to measure the energy spectrum, the radioactive sources used were $^{22}Na,\;^{54}Mn,\;^{57}Co,\;^{137}Cs$ and the source to detector distance was 7cm. For the timing characteristic, NaI(Tl)(1" ${\times}$ 1")-$BaF^2$ and NaI(Tl)(3" ${\times}$ 3")-$BaF^2$ timing coincidence systems were prepared and the used source was $^{22}Na$ emitting 511keV annihilation photons. For the 511keV gamma-ray emitted from $^{22}Na$, It was revealed that the timing response of the $BaF^2$ detector was faster than NaI(Tl)(1" ${\times}$ 1") and NaI(Tl)(3" ${\times}$ 3") detector used in this experimental investigation. The energy characteristics of the $BaF^2$ detector had a good values for about 500keV energy range.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.225-234
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• 1971

With the advance of civilization and steadily increasing population rivalry and competition for the use of the sewage, culverts, farm irrigation and control of various types of flood discharge have developed and will be come more and more keen in the future. The author has tried to calculated a formula that could adjust these conflicts and bring about proper solutions for many problems arising in connection with these conditions. The purpose of this study is to find out effective sewage, culvert, drainage, farm irrigation, flood discharge and other engineering needs in the Taegu area. If demands expand further a new formula will have to be calculated. For the above the author estimated methods of control for the probable expected rainfall using a formula based on data collected over a long period of time. The formula is determined on the basis of the maximum daily rainfall data from 1921 to 1971 in the Taegu area. 1. Iwai methods shows a highly significant correlation among the variations of Hazen, Thomas, Gumbel methods and logarithmic normal distribution. 2. This study obtained the following major formula: ${\log}(x-2.6)=0.241{\xi}+1.92049{\cdots}{\cdots}$(I.M) by using the relation $F(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}}{\int}_{-{\infty}}^{\xi}e^{-{\xi}^2}d{\xi}$. ${\xi}=a{\log}_{10}\(\frac{x+b}{x_0+b}\)$ ($-b<x<{\infty}$) ${\log}(x_0+b)=2.0448$ $\frac{1}{a}=\sqrt{\frac{2N}{N-1}}S_x=0.1954$. $b=\frac{1}{m}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{m}b_s=-2.6$ $S_x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits^N_{i=1}\{{\log}(x_i+b)\}^2-\{{\log}(x_0+b)\}^2}=0.169$ This formule may be advantageously applicable to the estimation of flood discharge, sewage, culverts and drainage in the Taegu area. Notation for general terms has been denoted by the following. Other notations for general terms was used as needed. $W_{(x)}$ : probability of occurranec, $W_{(x)}=\int_{x}^{\infty}f_{(n)}dx$ $S_{(x)}$ : probability of noneoccurrance. $S_{(x)}=\int_{-\infty}^{x}f_(x)dx=1-W_{(x)}$ T : Return period $T=\frac{1}{nW_{(x)}}$ or $T=\frac{1}{nS_{(x)}}$ $W_n$ : Hazen plot $W_n=\frac{2n-1}{2N}$ $F_n=1-W_x=1-\(\frac{2n-1}{2N}\)$ n : Number of observation (annual maximum series) P : Probability $P=\frac{N!}{{t!}(N-t)}F{_i}^{N-t}(1-F_i)^t$ $F_n$ : Thomas plot $F_n=\(1-\frac{n}{N+1}\)$ N : Total number of sample size $X_l$ : $X_s$ : maximum, minumum value of total number of sample size.