• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2018

Purpose: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is rare but potentially fatal. The overall outcome is highly variable. This study aimed to identify a simple and dynamic parameter that helps predict the mortality of CDH patients in real time, without invasive tests. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 59 CDH cases. Maternal and fetal information included the gestational age at diagnosis, site of defect, presence of liver herniation, and lung-to-head ratio (LHR) at 20 to 29 weeks of gestational age. Information regarding postnatal treatment, including the number of days until surgery, the need for inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and survival, was collected. The highest respiratory severity score (RSS) within 24 hours after birth was also calculated. Results: Statistical analysis showed that a younger gestational age at the initial diagnosis (P<0.001), a lower LHR (P=0.001), and the presence of liver herniation (P=0.003) were prenatal risk factors for CDH mortality. The RSS and use of iNO and ECMO were significant factors affecting survival. In the multivariate analysis, the only remaining significant risk factor was the highest preoperative RSS within 24 hours after birth (P=0.002). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.9375, with a sensitivity of 91.67% and specificity of 83.87% at the RSS cut-off value of 5.2. The positive and negative predictive values were 82.14% and 92.86%, respectively. Conclusion: Using the RSS as a prognostic predictor with simple calculations will help clinicians plan CDH management.

• Composites Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2012

펄트루젼 공정에 의해 생산된 FRP 부재는 길이에 제한이 없이 임의의 단면형상으로 제작할 수 있기 때문에 건설 구조용 부재로 사용하기 적합하며, 특히, 각종 화학적 유해환경 등에서 그 성능이 우수하기 때문에 습윤환경 및 해양환경 등의 부식환경에서 그 활용이 두드러지고 있다. 그러나 설계를 위한 관련 규준이 마련되어 있지 않아 이에 대한 연구가 시급한 실정이다. FRP 구조재는 대부분 단면의 효율적 사용을 위해 판요소로 구성된 박판부재를 사용하고 있으며, 이러한 부재를 압축재로 사용할 경우 강도한계상태는 주로 좌굴거동에 의해 결정된다. 이 연구에서는 FRP I형 단면 압축재에 대한 좌굴거동을 이론적으로 해석하였고, 기존 실험적 연구결과와 비교, 분석하여 설계방법 및 설계흐름도를 제안하였다. 제안된 설계방법은 ANSI/AISC 360-10의 방법과 유사한 형태로서 설계자의 편의를 도모하였으며, 비교적 간단한 방법에 의해 PFPR I형 단면 압축재의 설계를 수행할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1984

Childrens between the ages of 13 and 15 years, living in Seoul, were examined in order to determine the prevalence and severity of malocclusion in the permanent dentition. This survey encompassed 981 children and an individual chart was prepared for each subject recording an original HMAR score and classification of occlusion according to Angle. Also, subjective evaluation of "treatment needs" was carried out in 581 children. The results were as follows: 1. Of the 981 children in this survey, 12,1 percent showed excellent occlusion. (0 point) 2. The 14 percent of the children who had a score of 24 and above all appeared to belong to the "treatment highly desirable" or "treatment mandatory" category. 3. The incorporation of SAR (Supplementary Assessment Record) into the HMAR can provide more sensitive method for evaluating severity of malocclusion. 4. According to Angle's classification 77.4 percent of all malocclusion belonged to Class I, 1.3 percent to Class II, Division 1, 0.9 percent to Class II, Division 2, and 11.3 percent to Class III. 5. The mean HMAR score for Class I was significantly lower than for either Class II, Division 1 or Class III. (P < 0.05) 6. A close relationship was found between the degree of "treatment needs" and the value obtained by the HMAR scoring. (chi-square test, p < 0.05) The differences between the mean HMAR scores of the various subjectively defined categories were statistically significant. (P < 0.001)

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2018

Objectives: Myocardial reperfusion is the only logical cure for ischemic heart disease. However, ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the underlying factors facilitating and accelerating the apoptosis in the myocardium. This study set to investigate the impact of Teucrium polium (TP) hydro-alcoholic extract on I/R induced apoptosis in the isolated rat heart. Methods: Isolated rat hearts were classified into six groups. The control samples were subjected to 80 min of perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate (KHB) buffer; in control-ischemia group, after primary perfusion (20 min) the hearts were exposed to global ischemia (20 min) and reperfusion (40 min). Pretreated groups were perfused with $500{\mu}M$ of vitamin C and various TP concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 mg/ml) for 20 min, and then the hearts were exposed to ischemia and reperfusion for 20 min and 40 min, respectively. Cardiodynamic parameters including rate pressure product (RPP), heart rate (HR), the maximum up/down rate of left ventricular pressure (${\pm}dp/dt$), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), and coronary artery flow (CF) were achieved from Lab Chart software data. The Bax and BCl-2 gene expressions were measured in heart samples. Results: Hearts treated with TP extract and vit C represented a meaningful improvement in cardiac contractile function and CF. The overexpression of Bcl-2, downregulation of Bax, and improvement of apoptotic index (Bax/Bcl-2) were observed in pretreated TP extract and vit C hearts. Conclusion: The TP extract was found to ameliorate the cardiac function in the reperfused myocardium. Also, it can hinder apoptotic pathways causing cardioprotection.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1972년도 춘계종합 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.16.1-16
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• 1972

설암의 치료방법에는 방사선치료, 수술적료법, 화학적료법 및 이들의 병용법을 들 수 있는데, 최근에 와서는 방사선치료가 치료성적의 향상과 혀의 기능을 보존한 채로 사회에 복귀할 수 있다는 관점 때문에 설암이 $T_3이하일$ 때에는 많이 선택되고 있다. 방사선치료라고 하면 대개는 X-선심부치료와 원격조사치료만을 생각하기 쉬우나 그 외에도 감사선을 이용한 라디움 혹은 코발트 등의 체강내치료와 라디움, 코발트 및 Gold needle 등을 조직간내에 치료하는 방법도 있다. 본 연자등은 제일차로 연세의료원 암센타에서 1971년도에 설암환자중, 조직간내라디움 치료법과 경부에 원격조사치료를 병행한 5례를 대상으로 그 치료방법과 치료 전후의 원병소의 변화를 시기적으로 비교, 관찰하여 그 중간보고를 하는 바이다. 5례중 남자가 3명, 여자가 2명이었고 병리조직학적소견으로 4례는 상피세포암, 나머지 1례는 Cystic Adeno-carcinoma환자였다. 이는 1966년도에 타액선종역이 발생하여 수술후 X-선심부치료를 받은 과거력이 있었다. 조직간내라디움 요법의 선택은 종양의 크기로 결정하는데 종물의 직경이 3~4cm가 넘어서는 안되고, 그 두께가 2~2.5cm이하 일 때에 $(T_1,$ $T_2)$ 한하여 시행한다는 원칙하에 2종류의 라디움 needle 즉 I형의 라디움 needle은 전장이 4.4cm로 Active length가 3.0cm이고, II형은 전장이 2.8cm, Active length가 1.5cm되는 것을 사용하였다. 방법은 원병소의 크기를 측정하여 용적을 산출하고 Quinby chart에 기술된 mahr를 찾은 후 6,000Rads를 평균조사량으로 필요한 mghr로서 5~6일로 나누어 나오는 mg을 다시 2mg으로 나누어 원병소에 필요한 량의 라디움 needle을 국소마취하에 후측부에서부터 시작하여 전단부위까지 이상적인 배열로 조직간내에 하였다. 약 6,000Rads가 조사될 수 있는 시간이 경과한 후 라디움 needle을 제거하고 평균 2주부터 1개월 이내에 원병소를 촬영하여 치료전후의 변화를 제1보로 소개하며 앞으로 modified Berkson-Gage 방법으로 결과를 매년 보고하는 한편 15년간 단속 followup할 예정이다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1999

구형도파관 slot 안테나는 그 구조가 간단하고, 고효율, 고신뢰성 및 소형 제작이 가능한 이유로 많은 Radar 분야와 마이크로파 통신 분야에서 그 응용 분야가 확대되고 있다. 도파관 벽에 형성된 slot은 도파관 내부 도체의 전류를 차단하여 전자파를 자유공간으로 복사한다. 그러므로 슬랏의 경사각도, 절삭깊이, 슬랏폭, 슬랏 길이 등이 안테나 특성 변화의 중요한 변수가 된다. 이러한 slot에 대한 이론적 해석의 어려움으로 인하여 주로 실험적으로 측정된 데이터를 이용한 설계와 제작이 이루어져 왔다. 본 논문에서는 slot의 전계 분포로부터 복사되는 복사전력 및 모드 전류 계산에 의해 slot 어드미턴스를 구하고, 공진길이 및 절삭깊이, 경사각도 등을 계산할 수 있는 표를 완성함과 더불어 동일 slot을 유한요소법을 사용하는 상용 소프트웨어(HFSS)를 사용하여 해석하는 방법을 동시에 수행하여 해석 결과를 기존 문헌의 측정 결과와 비교하므로서 적절한 해석 방법을 찾아내고자 한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2024

Background: The Korea Risk Information Surveillance System (K-RISS) was developed to enable the early detection of food and drug safety-related issues. Its goal is to deliver real-time risk indicators generated from ongoing food and drug risk monitoring. However, the existing K-RISS system suffers under several limitations. Objectives: This study aims to augment K-RISS with more detailed indicators and establish a severity standard that takes into account structural changes in the daily time series of K-RISS values. Methods: First, a Delphi survey was conducted to derive the required weights. Second, a control chart, commonly used in statistical process controls, was utilized to detect outliers and establish caution, attention, and serious levels for K-RISS values. Furthermore, Bai and Perron's method was employed to determine structural changes in K-RISS time series. Results: The study incorporated 'closeness to life' and 'sustainability' indicators into K-RISS. It obtained the necessary weights through a survey of experts for integrating variables, combining indicators by data source, and aggregating sub K-RISS values. We defined caution, attention, and serious levels for both average and maximum values of daily K-RISS. Furthermore, when structural changes were detected, leading to significant variations in daily K-RISS values according to different periods, the study systematically verified these changes and derived respective severity levels for each period. Conclusions: This study enhances the existing K-RISS system and introduces more advanced indicators. K-RISS is now more comprehensively equipped to serve as a risk warning index. The study has paved the way for an objective determination of whether the food safety risk index surpasses predefined thresholds through the application of severity levels.

• 지질공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.337-348
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• 2005

포천 지역에 분포하는 쥬라기 화강암을 대상으로 미세균열 분포특성이 화강암의 역학적 성질에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 3종의 방향성 시편을 대상으로 일축압축시험이 실시되었으며, 각 시편은R(riftplane), G(grain plane) 및 H(hardway plane) 축에 각각 직각이다. 다양한 탄성 상수 중, 3 방향에 따른 포아송비의 변화가 검토되었다 파괴 강도 비-포아송비의 관계도에서 포아송비의 범위는 H-시편에서 가장 높은 분포양상을 보이며 G-시편, R-시편의 순으로 감소한다. 분포곡선은 $I\simIII$ 단계에서는 거의 선형이며, IV-3 단계에서는 기울기의 급격한 증가를 보인다. 관계도에서 보는바와 같이 파괴강도비 $0.92\sim0.96$에서 변곡점이 형성된다. IV-3단계는 탄성 영역의 밖에 속한다. 4단계의 파괴단계에서의 거동은 응력-체적변형율 곡선에서 분석되었다 암석의 거동을 지배하는 응력증분-체적변형율 방정식에서 특징적인 재료상수인 a, n, Q, m 및 $\varepsilon_v^{mcf}$가 결정되었다. 이들 상수중에서 미세균열의 폐합영역( I 단계)에서 고유의 미세균열의 공극률$(a, 10^{-3})$ 그리고 압축지수(n)는 각각 $a^R(3.82)>a^G(3.38)>a^H(2.32)$ 그리고 $n^R(3.69)>n^G(2.79)>n^H(1.99)4의 순서로 나타난다. 특히 IV 단계의 미세균열의 임계체적변형율($\varepsilon_v^{mcf}$)은 3번 면에 수직인 H-시편에서 가장높게 나타난다. 이러한 결과에서 포아송비 및 재료상수와 같은 역학적 성질은 2 조의 미세균열과 밀접한 관계를 보이고있다. 강도 이방성과 미세균열의 방향성과의 상관성은 암석의 파괴 연구에 주요하게 적용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

This study investigated the correlation of the physical measurements and the basic physical fitness of 158 female students in the city of Seoul. The average age of the subjects was 22.0 ${\pm}$ 0.13 years old, the average height was 160.9 ${\pm}$ 0.7cm and the average weight was 53.4 ${\pm}$ 0.6kg. The mean BMI (Body Mass Index) was 20.7 ${\pm}$ 0.2kg/㎡. The average muscle mass was 36.5 ${\pm}$ 0.3 and the average body fat percentage was 28.0 ${\pm}$ 0.4%. The basic fitness levels of the subjects were measured based on the evaluation chart of the Korea Health and Science Research Institution (1994). The subjects were divided into 3 groups based on BMI(Group I : BMI < 20, Group II : 20 $\leq$ BMI < 25, Group III BMI $\geq$ 25) and the correlation between BMI and physical fitness was assessed. 1) The muscle strength of the subjects was measured by their grip strength, among other tests. Groups 1 and 2 were evaluated as “su” (level 1) and group 3 was “woo” (level 2). 2) Endurance 1 was tested by push-ups, and while groups 1 and 2 were evaluated as “su” (level 1), group 3 was “ga” (level 5). This result did not suggest any significant relevance among the subjects. 3) Endurance 2 was tested by sit-ups : groups 1 and 2 were evaluated as “mi” (level 3) and group 3 as “yang” (level 4). Group 2 and group 3 showed a significant difference. 4) Instant power was tested by standing high jumps, and although there was a significant difference between group 1 and group 3, all of the subjects were evaluated as “ga” (level 5). 5) Flexibility was measured by how far the subjects could bend forward. There was no significant relevance between the groups and they were all respectively evaluated as “woo” (level 2). 6) Agility was tested with side-steps and all the subjects showed poor agility as “yang” (level 4). 7) Heart and lung endurance was tested by the step test, calculating the maximum oxygen intake with the Physical Energy Index (PEI) and using the numbers according to the evaluation chart. Group 1 was evaluated as “mi” (level 3) and groups 2 and 3 were “woo” (level 2). From these results, we could see the group III (obese group) had a tendency of lower levels in all the variables related to body fitness They showed significantly lower endurance assessed with time for sit-ups and instant power by the standing high jumps. (J Community Nutrition 5(1) : 29∼36, 2003)

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.20-30
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• 1996

Background : Theoretically as the waiting-time of patient is estimated in queueing, many men and much money are needed. But being the estimation of patient s waiting-time very important in hospital service, so the continuous monitoring of waiting-time is inevitable. To verify that the estimation of waiting-time using parking time is economical, effective and continuous monitoring method and to develop utilizing the method, this study was done. Method : In parking confirmation office, the personnel of parking office wrote parking confirm time, chart number and whether medical examination and treatment finish or not in parking ticket. The next day the parking tickets were gathered and the above data were input. The input parking data were connected with the hospital outpatient file indexing chart number. Then the patient' s data for department, new patient or not, reservation or not, receipt time and payment time were retrieved. The group for finishing medical treatment were compared with that for not finishing in average time lag between confirmation and out-time for hospital. And In-time for hospital, receipt time, payment and out-time for hospital were also analyzed. Result : Confirming parking ticket, the group for finished medical treatment left hospital after 7 minutes. This result showed that the patient for finished medical treatment left hospital immediately. So parking time was reasonable to estimation of hospital-time was concluded. The time for medical treatment, diagnosis and test was constant for all patients and short for waiting time, Then I concluded that the parking time was reasonable for estimation patient's waiting time. Overall patient's waiting time was 113 minutes and new patient's time was 149 minutes, old patient's times was 109 minutes. Waiting time for reservation patient was 98 minutes and for non reservation patient was 122 minutes. The time from hospital arrival to payment was 50 minutes for the group of reservation patient and 69 minutes for non-reservation group. The time from payment to hospital leaving was 51 minutes and 56 minutes for non reservation group. The short time difference between reserved group and not reserved group from payment to hospital leaving time was due to bottle neck effect. Conclusion : The estimation of patient's waiting time using parking time was reasonable because the possession of car was common and the time for medical treatment was equal and the patient after treatment left hospital immediately. Using this method, timely, fast evaluation and continuous monitoring of the intervention effect were possible.