• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2019

One of the shortcomings of seismic bridge design codes is the lack of clarity in defining the role of different seismic isolation systems with linear or nonlinear behavior in terms of R-factor. For example, based on AASHTO guide specifications for seismic isolation design, R-factor for all substructure elements of isolated bridges should be half of those expressed in the AASHTO standard specifications for highway bridges (i.e., R=3 for single columns and R=5 for multiple column bent) but not less than 1.50. However, no distinction is made between two commonly used types of seismic isolation devices, i.e., elastomeric rubber bearing (ERB) with linear behavior, and lead rubber bearing (LRB) with nonlinear behavior. In this paper, five existing bridges located in Iran with two types of deck-pier connection including ERB and LRB isolators, and two bridge models with monolithic deck-pier connection are developed and their R-factor values are assessed based on the Uang's method. The average R-factors for the bridges with ERB isolators are calculated as 3.89 and 4.91 in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively, which are not in consonance with the AASHTO guide specifications for seismic isolation design (i.e., R=3/2=1.5 for the longitudinal direction and R=5/2=2.5 for the transverse direction). This is a clear indicator that the code-prescribed R-factors are conservative for typical bridges with ERB isolators. Also for the bridges with LRB isolators, the average computed R-factors equal 1.652 and 2.232 in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively, which are in a good agreement with the code-specified R-factor values. Moreover, in the bridges with monolithic deck-pier connection, the average R-factor in the longitudinal direction is obtained as 2.92 which is close to the specified R-factor in the bridge design codes (i.e., 3), and in the transverse direction is obtained as 2.41 which is about half of the corresponding R-factor value in the specifications (i.e., 5).

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.335-338
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• 2007

Cost effectiveness is an important parameter for producing DSSCs as compared to the widely used conventional silicon based solar cells. A fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate coated with a catalytic amount of platinum is used as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell. Carbonaceous materials are quite attractive to replace platinum due to their high electronic conductivity, corrosion resistance towards $I_{2}$, good catalytic effect and low cost. In this paper, the unit DSSCs with Pt and CNT as a counter electrode were connected in series-parallel externally, then the current-voltage curves were investigated to find out the connection characteristics of the DSSC with CNT counter electrode. The connection characteristics of the DSSC with CNT counter electrode is superior to that of the DSSC with Pt counter electrode. And a parallel connection of the DSSC with CNT counter electrode has higher efficiency than a series connection of that.

• Architectural research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2005

No specific guidelines are available for computing the bearing strength of connection between steel coupling beam and reinforced concrete shear wall in a hybrid wall system. There were carried out analytical and experimental studies on connection between steel coupling beam and concrete shear wall in a hybrid wall system. The bearing stress at failure in the concrete below the embedded steel coupling beam section is related to the concrete compressive strength and the ratio of the width of the embedded steel coupling beam section to the thickness of the shear walls. Experiments were carried out to determine the factors influencing the bearing strength of the connection between steel coupling beam and reinforced concrete shear wall. The test variables included the reinforcement details that confer a ductile behavior in connection between steel coupling beam and shear wall, i.e., the auxiliary stud bolts attached to the steel beam flanges and the transverse ties at the top and the bottom steel beam flanges. In addition, additional test were conducted to verify the strength equations of the connection between steel coupling beam and reinforced concrete shear wall. The proposed equations in this study were in good agreement with both our test results and other test data from the literature.

• 복합신소재구조학회 논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2014

Due to the advantageous mechanical properties of the fiber reinforced polymeric plastics(FRP), their application in the construction industries is ever increasing trend, as a substitute of structural steel which is highly vulnerable under hazardous environmental conditions (i.e., corrosion, humidity, etc.). In this study, hybrid FRP-concrete composite pile (HCFFT) connection is suggested. The HCFFT is consisted of pultruded FRP unit module, filament wound FRP which is in the outside of mandrel composed of circular shaped assembly of pultruded FRP unit modules, and concrete which is casted inside of the circular tube shaped hybrid FRP pile. Therefore, pultruded FRP can increase the flexural load carrying capacity, filament wound FRP and concrete filled inside can increase axial load carrying capacity. In the study, connection capacity of HCFFT(small and mid size) is investigated throughout experiments and finite element method. From the results of experiments, we suggested the connection methods about HCFFT pile connection.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2002

Ad hoc wireless networks involving large populations of scattered communication nodes will play a key role in the development of low power, high capacity, interactive, multimedia communication networks. Such networks must support arbitrary network connections and provide coverage anywhere and anytime. This paper partitions such arbitrarily connected network architectures into three distinct groups, identifies the associated dual network architectures and counts the number of network architectures assuming there exist N network nodes. Connectivity between network nodes is characterized as a random event. Defining the link availability P as the probability that two arbitrary network nodes in an ad hoc network are directly connected, the network connection probability $ \integral_n$(p) that any two network nodes will be directly or indirectly connected is derived. The network connection probability $ \integral_n$(p) is evaluated and graphically demonstrated as a function of p and N. It is shown that ad hoc wireless networks containing a large number of network nodes possesses the same network connectivity performance as does a fixed network, i.e., for p>0, $lim_{N\to\infty} Integral_n(p)$ = 1. Furthermore, by cooperating with fixed networks, the ad hoc network connection probability is used to derive the global network connection probability for hybrid networks. These probabilities serve to characterize network connectivity performance for users of wireless ad hoc and hybrid networks, e.g., IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 1394-95, ETSI BRAN HIPERLAN, Bluetooth, wireless ATM and the world wide web (WWW).

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-71
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• 2013

The prediction of the low cycle fatigue (LCF) life of beam-column connections requires an LCF model that is developed using specific geometric information. The beam-column connection has several geometric variables, and changes in these variables must be taken into account to ensure sufficient robustness of the design. Previous research has verified that the finite element model (FEM) can be used to simulate LCF behavior at the end plate moment connection (EPMC). Three critical parameters, i.e., end plate thickness, beam flange thickness, and bolt distance, have been selected for this study to determine the geometric effects on LCF behavior. Seven FEMs for different geometries have been developed using these three critical parameters. The finite element analysis results have led to the development of a modified LCF model for the critical parameter groups.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2015

최근 인터넷의 거대화와 더불어 기본적으로 ISP의 오버헤드를 최소화하는 요구사항을 만족시켜 줄 수 있는 역추적기술 보장에 큰 비중을 두고 있으며, 현재 또는 차세대 인터넷에서 적용 가능한 역추적기술이 필요하다. 본 논문은 사이버 표적공격(Advanced Persistent Threats: APT)에 적용 가능한 역추적(Traceback)기술에 대한 동향을 살펴본다. 특히 기존 IP 및 TCP Connection 기반 역추적방법 중 Network 기반 Connection 추적기술인 Timing-based Approach에 대해서 상세히 살펴보며 아울러 본 논문에서 제안하는 Netflow 기반의 ON-OFF 모델 확장을 통한 Timing-based Connection Traceback Approach의 기술적 적용을 통하여 공격 시스템의 위치와 실제 해킹을 시도하는 해커의 위치가 서로 다르다 하더라도 실제 해커의 위치인 공격 근원지를 추적할 수 있는 기술적 가능성 및 전망을 소개한다.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.185-193
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• 2003

This paper is intended as an investigation of Build-up Method of SCM Connection applying EC Standard(Rossetta-net) to reduce the integration effort, and improve extensibility and interoperability of an eBusiness infrastructure.-Intiative way for I-commerce applications to quickly incorporate new standards. Let me summarize the main points that have been made in this paper. The sharing information for connection and the Rosetta-net standard of the existing SCM system, and PIP 3A4, order management module, of the Rosetta-net specifications for connection by the Rosetta-net. Lastly, That shows the process of the gateway for connecting among the existing SCM systems.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.401-426
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• 2021

In order to propose ways to implement mathematical connection between algebra and geometry, this study reinterpreted and visualized the Khayyam's geometric method solving the cubic equations using two conic sections and the Al-Kāshi's method of constructing of angle trisection using a cubic equation. Khayyam's method is an example of a geometric solution to an algebraic problem, while Al-Kāshi's method is an example of an algebraic a solution to a geometric problem. The construction and property of conics were presented deductively by the theorem of "Stoicheia" and the Apollonius' symptoms contained in "Conics". In addition, I consider connections that emerged in the alternating process of algebra and geometry and present meaningful Implications for instruction method on mathematical connection.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1A호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2008

서로 다른 부재로 이루어진 혼합구조물은 불연속면인 접합부에 강도저감, 응력집중이 발생하거나 응력전달이 확실하지 않게 되므로 접합부에 대한 연구는 이미 오래전부터 다양한 방법을 통하여 연구되어 왔다. 특히 최근에 장대교량에 혼합구조를 적용하면, 경제성과 시공성이 확보되고 구조적 성능이 증가하는 것으로 알려지면서 일본, 유럽 등과 같은 선진국에서 혼합구조의 연구 및 시공이 활발히 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 하지만 이에 대한 국내의 연구는 상대적으로 미미한 수준에 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전술한 혼합구조의 접합부가 구조물 전체에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 기존에 수행된 많은 연구결과를 검토하고, 현재 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 전후면판 방식의 접합부를 갖는 혼합구조의 비선형 해석을 수행하여 그 장단점을 파악하였다. 또한, 이를 기초로 혼합구조 접합부의 성능을 개선할 수 있는 접합부 방식를 제안하고, 이를 기존의 방식과 비교분석하기 위하여 객관적인 6개의 기준을 설정하여 분석하였다. 개선된 모형으로는 형태를 개선안 모형 2개와 불연속면을 보강한 모형 1개 총 3개의 개선모형를 설정하였으며, 객관적인 비교기준으로 하중-처짐관계, 처짐곡선분포, 개구폭, 스터드축력, 소성변형 크기 및 위치, 접합부 응력분포 등을 설정하였다. 이와 같은 기준에 따라 기존 접합부 방식과 개선된 방식을 서로 비교검토한 결과, 본 논문에서 제안한 접합부 방식이 구조물의 성능개선에 큰 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으므로 혼합구조의 새로운 접합부 방식으로 제안하였다.