• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

The total maximum daily load (TMDL) implemented in Korea mainly manages the mainstream considering a single common pollutant and river discharge, and the river system is divided into unit watersheds. Changes in the water quality of managed rivers owing to the water quality management in tributaries and unit watersheds are not considered when implementing the TMDL. In addition, it is difficult to consider the difference in the load of pollutants generated in the tributary depending on the conditions of the water quality change in each unit watershed, even if the target water quality was maintained in the managed water system. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the total maximum load management at tributaries to manage the pollution load of tributaries with a high degree of pollution. In this study, the HSPF model, a watershed runoff model, was applied to the target areas consisting of 53 sub-watersheds to analyze the effect of water quality changes the in tributaries on the mainstream. Sub-watersheds were selected from the three major areas of the Paldang water system, including the drainage basins of the downstream of the South Han-River, Gyeongan stream, and North Han-River. As a result, BOD ranged from 0.17 mg/L to 4.30 mg/L, and was generally high in tributaries and decreased in the downstream watershed. TP ranged from 0.02 mg/L - 0.22 mg/L, and the watersheds that had a large impact on urbanization and livestock industry were high, and the North Han-River basin was generally low. In addition, a pollution source reduction scenario was selected to analyze the change in water quality by the amount of pollution load discharged at each unit watershed. The reduction rate of BOD and TP according to the scenario changes was simulated higher in the watershed of the downstream of the North Han-River and downstream and midstream of the Gyeongan stream. It was found that the benefits of water quality reduction from each sub-watershed efforts to improve water quality are greatest in the middle and downstream of each main stream, and it is judged that it can be served as basic data for the management of total tributaries.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.317-322
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• 2022

The rapid development of information technology is also bringing about many changes in the medical environment. In particular, it is leading the rapid change of medical image information systems using big data and artificial intelligence (AI). The prescription delivery system (OCS), which consists of an electronic medical record (EMR) and a medical image storage and transmission system (PACS), has rapidly changed the medical environment from analog to digital. When combined with multiple solutions, PACS represents a new direction for advancement in security, interoperability, efficiency and automation. Among them, the combination with artificial intelligence (AI) using big data that can improve the quality of images is actively progressing. In particular, AI PACS, a system that can assist in reading medical images using deep learning technology, was developed in cooperation with universities and industries and is being used in hospitals. As such, in line with the rapid changes in the medical image information system in the medical environment, structural changes in the medical market and changes in medical policies to cope with them are also necessary. On the other hand, medical image information is based on a digital medical image transmission device (DICOM) format method, and is divided into a tomographic volume image, a volume image, and a cross-sectional image, a two-dimensional image, according to a generation method. In addition, recently, many medical institutions are rushing to introduce the next-generation integrated medical information system by promoting smart hospital services. The next-generation integrated medical information system is built as a solution that integrates EMR, electronic consent, big data, AI, precision medicine, and interworking with external institutions. It aims to realize research. Korea's medical image information system is at a world-class level thanks to advanced IT technology and government policies. In particular, the PACS solution is the only field exporting medical information technology to the world. In this study, along with the analysis of the medical image information system using big data, the current trend was grasped based on the historical background of the introduction of the medical image information system in Korea, and the future development direction was predicted. In the future, based on DICOM big data accumulated over 20 years, we plan to conduct research that can increase the image read rate by using AI and deep learning algorithms.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2022

Dacitic tuffs, 97 to 118 m thick, were recovered from the lower part of the subsurface Seongdongri Formation, Janggi Basin, which was drilled to assess the potential for underground storage of carbon dioxide. The tuffs are divided into four depositional units(Unit 1 to 4) based on internal structures and particle componentry. Unit 1 and Units 3/4 are ignimbrites that accumulated in subaerial and subaqueous settings, respectively, whereas Unit 2 is braided-stream deposits that accumulated during a volcanic quiescence, and no dacitic tuff is observed. A series of analysis shows that mordenite and clinoptilolite mainly fill the vesicles of glass shards, suggesting their formation by replacement and dissolution of volcanic glass and precipitation from interstitial water during burial and diagenesis. Glass-replaced clinoptilolite has higher Si/Al ratios and Na contents than the vesicle-filling clinoptilolite in Units 3. However, the composition of clinoptilolite becomes identical in Unit 4, irrespective of the occurrence and location. This suggests that the Si/Al ratio and pH in the interstitial water increased with time because of the replacement and leaching of volcanic glass, and that the composition of interstitial water was different between the eastern and western parts of the basin during the formation of the clinoptilolite in Units 1 and 3. It is also inferred that the formation of the two zeolite minerals was sequential according to the depositional units, i.e., the clinoptilolite formed after the growth of mordenite. To summarize, during a volcanic quiescence after the deposition of Unit 1, pH was higher in the western part of the basin because of eastward tilting of the basin floor, and the zeolite ceased to grow because of the closure of the pore space as a result of the growth of smectite. On the other hand, clinoptilolite could grow in the eastern part of the basin in an open system affected by groundwater, where braided stream was developed. Afterwards, Units 3 and 4 were submerged under water because of the basin subsidence, and the alkali content of the interstitial water increased gradually, eventually becoming identical in the eastern and western parts of the basin. This study thus shows that volcanic deposits of similar composition can have variable distribution of zeolite mineral depending on the drainage and depositional environment of basins.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2022

Light pollution is one of the factors that disturb coastal and island ecosystems. This study examined the factors causing light pollution in the islands in Daedohaehaesang National Park using nighttime satellite images. This study selected 101 islands with an area of 100,000 m² or more in Daedohaehaesang National Park, and measured the levels of light pollution of the selected islands by calculating mean nighttime radiance recorded in VIIRS DNB monthly images for January, April, August, and October 2019. Of seven districts of the park, The highest mean nighttime radiance was recorded in Geumodo district (17,666nW/m²/sr), followed by Geonumdo·Baekdo, Narodo, Soando·Cheongsando districts. By season, mean nighttime radiance in October was the highest at 9,509nW/m²/sr, followed by August, January, and April. Regression analyses show that the total floor area and the number of lighthouses in a 5 km buffer area had a statistically significant effect on mean nighttime radiance at all times, but those within the island did not, indicating that light pollution in islands in a national park where land development is strictly restricted is influenced by artificial lights in nearby areas. However, the total floor area of an island significantly affected mean nighttime radiance only in August, which appears to be attributed to the impact of intensive use of artificial light by visitors during summer vacation. The size of an island had a negative (-) effect on nighttime radiance. This negative effect suggests that light pollution is a type of ecological edge effect, i.e., the smaller island is more likely to have a relatively larger proportion of edge area that is affected by light emitted from the neighboring areas. The results of this study indicate that managing artificial lights in nearby areas is necessary to mitigate light pollution in islands in marine and coastal national parks.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.423-434
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• 2022

The two previously developed artificial diets (N4 and N6) used for rearing Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae) larvae, were selected as highly-fit ones for rearing Mythimna loreyi larvae. Almost all biological characteristics were not significantly different between the colonies reared on the two diets at 25℃ and 15:9 h (light:dark) photoperiod. The developmental periods were 4.9-5.2 days for eggs, and 22.3-23.2 days for larvae. The pupal period and weight were different between the sexes in each diet colony. The pupal periods in females and males showed 12.6-12.8 days and 14.1-14.5 days, respectively. The pupal weights were ca. 345 mg for females and ca. 380 mg for males. The pupation and emergence rates were ca. 91-94%, and ca. 91-95%, respectively, without significant differences between the two colonies. The pre-oviposition and oviposition periods were 3.4 days and 4.7-4.8 days, respectively. The adult longevity was 8.2 days in females and 10.3-12.4 days in males. Total offsprings produced were found to be 724-847 larvae on an average with ca. 1,400 maximum larvae. In the life table analysis, the intrinsic rates of increases (0.1181 for N4 and 0.1253 for N6) were not significantly different between the two colonies. Individual differences in the larval instar number 5 and 6 were found within a diet colony. The ratios of 5-instar larvae were ca. 22% in N4 colony and ca. 7% in N6 colony. The larval period of 6-instar larvae was longer than that of 5-instar larvae. Width of head capsule in larvae varied from ca. 309 ㎛ for 1st instar to ca. 3,065 ㎛ for 6th instar. Body lengths measured from ca. 2.0 mm for 1st instar to ca. 29.1 mm for 6th instar. Larvae of M. loreyi and M. separata were found at the same time in a maize field during June and July, 2020.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.27
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• pp.201-243
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• 2016

This paper analyzes the research trends from 358 scholarly articles published in the Journal of Daesoon Academy of Sciences from the first published journal in 1996 to the most recent journal published on the 25^th of 2015 and proposes ideas for improvement. First of all, "The Journal of Daesoon Academy of Sciences" does not meet the standards required by the National Research Foundation, falling short of the most important conditions for the registration such as the periodicity and punctuality expected from academic journals. Furthermore, in terms of the Bibliometrical analysis, the number of articles published by the journal is decreasing and the consistency, with regards to rules and principles regulating publication details and bibliography formats, is nonexistent. Although various authors seemed to be meeting these criteria on the surface, the ratio of co-authored articles is too small. Securing researchers specializing in Daesoon Thought for expanding the size of the journal is important, but it is also important to diversify the research topics through exchanging ideas among researchers from various organizations. Here are some ideas for the improvement of the Journal of Daesoon Academy of Sciences: First, in order to meet the standards for punctuality and periodicity, it would be best to publish the journal twice a year with 12 to 15 articles. Second, the journal must become searchable through the creation of a database. Third, the key words and abstracts of articles must be written in Korean and English to facilitate the sharing of articles among researchers. Fourth, the journal must have a diverse and outstanding editorial board which takes into account the geographical situations of its board members. Fifth, the Journal must include articles on relevant topics that reflect the core topics of the Daesoon Thought and other studies. Sixth, articles must have a front page that contains bibliographical items to convey information to the reader. Seventh, it is essential that the journal have a clear publication date detailing the year, month, and day as well as a standard numbering scheme (i.e, Vol. and no).

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2023

Since there is a limit to the physically visible horizon that sensors for autonomous driving can perceive, complementary utilization of digital map data such as a Local Dynamic Map (LDM) along the probable route of an Autonomous Vehicle (AV) is proposed for safe and efficient driving. Although the amount of digital map data may be insignificant compared to the amount of information collected from the sensors of an AV, efficient management of map data is inevitable for the efficient information processing of AVs. The objective of this study is to analyze the efficiency of information use and information processing time of AV according to the expansion of the active section of LDM-based static road and traffic information. To carry out this objective, a microscopic simulator model, VISSIM and VISSIM COM, was employed, and an area of about 9 km × 13 km was selected in the Busan Metropolitan Area, which includes heterogeneous traffic flows (i.e., uninterrupted and interrupted flows) as well as various road geometries. In addition, the LDM information used in AVs refers to the real high-definition map (HDM) built on the basis of ISO 22726-1. As a result of the analysis, as the electronic horizon area increases, while short links are intensively recognized on interrupted urban roads and the sum of link lengths increases as well, the number of recognized links is relatively small on uninterrupted traffic road but the sum of link lengths is large due to a small number of long links. Therefore, this study showed that an efficient range of electronic horizon for HDM data collection, processing, and management are set as 600 m on interrupted urban roads considering the 12 links corresponding to three downstream intersections and 700 m on uninterrupted traffic road associated with the 10 km sum of link lengths, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2022

Ecological occupation in irrigation ponds is a well-acknowledged fact that is essential for biodiversity conservation in agricultural ecosystems. However, there are few studies on the ecological functions and relationship between a paddy field and irrigation using macroinvertebrates in an environmentally friendly paddy field. The objective of this study is to identify the community and distribution characteristics of macroinvertebrates in an agricultural paddy field and irrigation pond ecosystems, and to provide basic data on the ecological function of an environmentally friendly paddy field. Macroinvertebrate sampling was conducted from May to September in an agricultural paddy field and irrigation pond in an environment-friendly paddy field in Boryeong city. We conducted a study to identify the distribution characteristics using macroinvertebrate species analysis, such as Functional Feeding Groups (FFGs), Habitat Oriented Groups (HOGs), rarefaction curve, and a two-way dendrogram. A total of 37 species of macroinvertebrates in 28 families, 13 orders were collected study during the period of the investigation. Dominant taxa of macroinvertebrates included Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Odonata. In terms of FFGs, predators and gathering collectors accounted for approximately 70%, in relation to HOGs, and climbers and swimmers occupied more than 50% from both the paddy field and irrigation pond. With respect to the rarefaction curve, the irrigation pond (July) was high as E (S, 141)=18 species, while the paddy field (May) was comparatively low as E (S, 141)=9 species. In conclusion, our results revealed that macroinvertebrates, such as Notonecta triguttata, Peltodytes intermedius, Appasus major, Laccotrephes japonensis, Appasus japonicus, Sigara substriata, Enochrus simulans, and Sternolophus rufipes, were used as a habitat and spawning ground in both paddy field and irrigation pond. The irrigation pond appears to be a very important spawning ground for macroinvertebrates.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2016

The study was aimed to analyze pedigree structure and inbreeding coefficients for performance tested Holstein cows in Korea. A total of 400,029 Holstein cows data which born between 2002 and 2012 were obtained from Dairy Cattle Improvement Center of National Agricultural Cooperative Federation(NACF). Their related pedigrees, as obtained from Korean Animal Improvement Association(KAIA), consisted of 509,740 animals. Pedigree depth of the cows were traced back to 3 generations earlier. The percentage of cows with fully identified ancestors in various provinces of Korea were 55.18%(Gyeonggi-do), 23.49%(Gangwon-do), 47.83%(Chungcheongnam-do), 53.62%(Chungcheongbuk-do), 56.38%(Gyeongsangbuk-do), 51.35% (Gyeongsangnam-do), 26.58%(Jeollanam-do), 49.41%(Jeollabuk-do), and 56.90%(Jeju-do), whereas, it was about 63.20% as a whole in Korea. The average inbreeding coefficients showed increment across the consecutive years of birth such as, 0.43(2002), 0.44(2003), 0.58(2004), 0.64(2005), 0.78(2006), 0.93(2007), 1.08(2008), 1.23(2009), 1.46(2010), 1.77(2011), and 2.03 (2012). However, this coefficient was 0.93 in overall Korean population. An average generation interval for sire to daughter genetic path was 8.15 years; which was about 4.20 years considering dam to daughter genetic path. The estimated effective population sizes (Ne) were 56.5, 51.3, and 32.2 animals born in 2004, 2009, and 2012, respectively. These results indicated that an increased rate of inbreeding has led to a significant reduction in the Ne over the decade.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.273-281
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• 2016

In this study, after carrying out a bending test that targeted the frames of plastic film greenhouse, the load-displacement relationship was analyzed to be used as basic data to develop greenhouse construction and maintenance guidelines. As a result, regardless of the shapes of the specimen, the yield and the maximum load increased as the size of the specimen increased. The displacement also showed the same pattern. A steel pipe showed lower yield and maximum load than a square pipe, and the displacement was large. In the steel pipe case, the displacement under the yield and maximum load was in the range of approximately 1.42-4.20mm and 5.80-24.13mm, respectively. In the square pipe case, the displacement under the yield and maximum load was in the range of approximately 1.62-3.00mm and 3.13-8.01mm, respectively. Further, a large difference was observed between the result of this test and the values calculated by a conventionally provided standard. In particular, not much difference was found from the result of this test in the case of a purlin member from the values provided by previous researches. However, a large difference was observed in the column or main rafter members. Furthermore, when a wide-span and venlo type, which is a glasshouse, was used as a target(h/100 and h/80), the displacement under the yield and maximum load was approximately 28.0mm and 35.0mm, respectively, which showed a large difference compared with the Netherlands standard(14.0mm) of a glasshouse. Further, in the main rafter case, a large difference was observed in the displacement limit according to the width(i.e., span) of the greenhouse where members are used. Therefore, because the displacement limit can vary depending on various factors such as type, form, and size of a greenhouse, we determined that studies or tests that consider these factors should be carried out to reflect them in the construction and maintenance of greenhouses.