• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.236-241
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the elementary and middle school students' understanding of observation, prediction, and hypothesis in everyday and science educational contexts. The questionnaires for testing understanding of three categories were developed, which obtained Cronbach alpha .91. It was consisted of 40 questions of 10 items related to observation, prediction, and hypothesis. Thy test was administrated to 868 subjects from grade 3 to grade 9. The results showed that the each level of their understanding of observation, prediction, and hypothesis ranged between $29{\~}58\%$, $43{\~}53\%$, and $10{\~}25\%$. The level of understanding of observation and prediction showed tendency to promote increasingly from grade 3 to grade 9, but the level of hypothesis did not.

• 아동학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2001

This study is to investigate whether young Korean children have understanding for testing hypothesis. Questions explored are; First, do children have notions of testing hypothesis? Or, do they just produce an effect? Second, choosing between conflicting hypotheses, can children distinguish between experiments that would produce conclusive and inconclusive evidence? For this study, 15 first grade and 15 second grade children in elementary school located in Kyunggi area near Seoul participated. Data collection and analysis were based on interviews with children for two weeks. Children were presented two conflicted hypotheses to decide which one is correct through conclusive evidence and inconclusive evidence in the interview. The results showed that children(1st: 93.3%, 2nd: 81.3%) of each grade can distinguish between hypothesis and evidence to do testing hypothesis, and distinguish between conclusive and inconclusive evidence. In conclusion, most young children have understanding of testing hypothesis based on their familiar experiences, so it was possible for them to differentiate hypothesis from evidence in certain situations.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2009

우리는 기능성자기공명영상을 이용하여 생물전공 및 비전공 예비교사들과 생물학자들의 가설 생성 및 이해에서 나타나는 두뇌 활성 차이를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 우리는 생명현상에 관한 두 세트의 과제 패러다임(가설생성 및 가설이해)을 설계한 뒤, 36명의 건강한 연구 참여자들(각 집단별 12명)과 함께 이 연구를 수행하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 첫째, 생명현상에 대한 가설생성에서 나타나는 두뇌활성 패턴에 있어 세 집단 간의 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다. 둘째, 배외측전전두피질부의 한 부분인 좌측 중전두이랑이 세 집단 모두에서 가설생성에 있어 중요한 역할을 하고 있다는 것이다. 또한 생물학자들에게서 나타나는 우수한 가설 생성능력은 2차적인 추상정보의 통합 기능을 하는 좌측 중전두이랑의 활성에의한 것으로 판단된다. 셋째, 생명현상에 대한 가설이해 과정에서는 세집단 간의 유의미한 두뇌활성 패턴차이가 발견되지 않았다. 이러한 결과들은 과학자들이 새로운 과학적 지식의 생성에 있어 숙련되어있다는 것을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of hypersensitiveness in accident reports and usefulness on admission of atomic power generation. By the result of study we can look forward to understanding obstacles and promotion factors in constructing atomic power plants. The results of hypothesis testing can be summarized as follows: First, the hypothesis that hypersensitiveness in accident reports has a plus effect on reliability is accepted. Secondly, the hypothesis that hypersensitiveness in accident reports has a plus effect on anxiety is accepted. Thirdly, the hypothesis that reliability has a plus effect on anxiety is accepted. Fourthly, the hypothesis that reliability has a minus effect on receptiveness is accepted. Fifthly, the hypothesis that anxiety has a minus effect on receptiveness is accepted. Sixthly, the hypothesis that usefulness has a minus effect on necessity is accepted. Seventhly, the hypothesis that usefulness has a plus effect on receptiveness is rejected. Eighthly, the hypothesis that necessity has a minus effect on receptiveness is accepted.

• 아동학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2007

This research examined age differences in the way 3-, 4-, 5-year-old children solve scientific problems involving magnetic and nonmagnetic objects. Their scientific process skills and scientific concepts were examined in 1) hypothesis setting, 2) hypothesis verification and 3) hypothesis application. Data was analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA and Scheffe. Children's scientific process skill presented differences by age in each phase of problem solving. That is, the scientific concept level demonstrated by 4-year-olds was higher than that of the 3-year-olds. That of the 5-year-olds was higher than the 4-year-olds. In addition, in all age groups, the children showed a higher level of understanding about magnetic and non-magnetic objects in the hypothesis application phase than in the hypothesis setting phase.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2012

This study aims at finding relationships between the competitiveness of cities and the size or distance of them, based on some premises; (1) the competitiveness can be measured on the interval-ratio level, that is, factor scores, (2) a hypothesis that the spatial interaction model is valid for the relationships can be generally accepted. Based on the general recognition a research hypothesis that the more is the population or the nearer is the distance from a central city the higher is the competitiveness score is constructed. According to the premises 5-factor scores and composite score are calculated by means of regression method, and the scores are regressed on cities' populations and distances from Seoul city. Using bootstrapping method for the tests of significance is effective due to small sample of 21 cities. Results of the analyses show that most aspects of the hypothesis should be rejected or adjusted. Scores on Health-welfare factor, public service factor, and commercial vitality factor have no relation to the cities' sizes or distances. But the results also find the facts that the strong (negative) relationships exist between (1) educational base factor score and population, (2) density factor score and distance. Although this study improves systematic and analytic understanding of spatial interaction patterns, the understanding should be invalid for the general context because it has used the data on 21 cities in the capital region at the time of 2009.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.222-230
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• 2012

Purpose: This research is to understand the effects of senior simulation on employees of elderly care facilities and utilize it in their job training. Methods: This research is a nonequivalence control group pre-to-post quasiexperiment research. 18 employees who have experienced senior simulation are set as test group and 18 other employees who have not experienced senior simulation are set as control group. Results: The hypothesis that 'the test group which has experienced senior simulation will show a positive change in their attitude on elderly care, compared to the control group' and 'the test group which has experienced senior simulation will show a positive change in understanding of elders, compared to the control group' was supported. The hypothesis that 'the test group which has experienced senior simulation will show a positive change in job satisfaction and performance of duties, compared to the control group' was dismissed. Conclusion: The senior simulation seems to contribute to elderly care facilities employees' change in their viewpoints of elders and broaden their understanding of them. The senior simulation was meaningful to provide basic help with implementing job training programs.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2007

이 연구에서는 변칙사례와 대안가설에 의해 유발된 인지갈등과 상황흥미 및 주의집중, 상태 학습 전략이 개념변화에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. 중학교 1학년 학생 486명을 대상으로 선개념 검사를 실시했다. 변 칙사례 제시 후, 대안가설을 제시하기 전과 후에 변칙사례에 대한 반응 및 상황흥미 검사를 하였다. 밀도에 대 한 개념 학습은 CAI를 통한 개별 학습으로 진행했고, 사후 검사로 주의집중 및 상태 학습전략, 개념 검사를 실 시했다. 선개념 검사에서 밀도에 대한 오개념을 가진 것으로 판별된 197명의 학생을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 변 칙사례에 대한 인지갈등 점수는 대안가설 제시 전(사전 인지갈등)보다 대안가설 제시 후(사후 인지갈등)에 유 의미하게 높았다. 그러나 변칙사례에 의해 유발된 상황흥미(사전 상황흥미) 점수는 대안가설 제시 후의 상황 흥미(사후 상황흥미) 점수와 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 사전 인지갈등은 사후 인지갈등에만 직접적인 영향을 주 었지만, 사후 인지갈등은 개념이해에 직접적인 영향 및 주의집중을 통한 간접적인 영향을 주었다. 사전·사후 상황흥미는 모두 주의집중을 매개로 개념이해에 영향을 미쳤다. 주의집중은 개념 학습 과정 중에 사용된 심층 적 학습전략에는 긍정적 영향을, 피상적 학습전략에는 부정적 영향을 주었으나 상태 학습전략이 개념이해에 미 치는 영향은 상대적으로 작은 것으로 나타났다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-63
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is on the identification of the effects of perceived interactivity formed by the electronic collaborative referral system on the organizational loyalty. Two channels through which the effects proceeded were investigated. One is the "system channel" which consists of "interactivity of the inter-organizational system ${\rightarrow}$ intention of using the system ${\rightarrow}$ organization loyalty" (hypothesis 1, 2), that is the channel which anticipates that a better understanding on the interactivity of the inter-organizational system makes the intention of the using the system strong, and this strong intention results the higher organization loyalty. The other is "organization channel" which consists of "interactivity of the inter-organizational system ${\rightarrow}$ perceived interactivity on the counterpart ${\rightarrow}$ perceived relation benefits with the counterpart ${\rightarrow}$ organization loyalty" (hypothesis 3, 4, 5). The channel means that as the perceived interactivity of users on the inter-organizational system becomes greater, the perceived interactivity with the counterpart is increasing. And this makes the users feel that more benefits can be obtained by the relationship with system providing organization, and finally makes the organization loyalty that is the intention to maintain the relationship greater. The corroborative evidence data confirm the two channels are obtained by questing on the electronic referral system of Samsung Medical Center to the doctors of the first and second collaborated hospitals or clinics, and by analyzing statistically. The verification result for the "system channel" showed that as the perception on the interactivity of inter-organizational system was increasing, the intention for consistent using increased(support hypothesis 1), and then the organization loyalty that is the relationship maintaining indication by using the referral system also increased(support hypothesis 2). And the confirmation result for the "organization channel" indicated that the perceptive interactivity on the counterpart increased as the understanding on the interactivity of inter-organizational system increased(support hypothesis 3), consecutively, with the intuitive relation benefits increase with the counterpart(support hypothesis 4) the organization loyalty means the intention to maintain the relationship was confirmed to increase(support hypothesis 5). These results demonstrate that when the perceived interactivity in using many systems at the collaboration between organizations is increasing, the positive image on the systems creates the consistent system using intention, and the positive image increases the wants for preserving the relationship with counter organization. In addition, the perceived interactivity of inter-organizational system users affects directly on the perceived interactivity of the counter organization, so the important role of inter-organizational system in promoting the interactivity between cooperative counterparts was recognized. And the perceived interactivity on the counter organization become greater, the influence on the perceived benefits from cooperation is positive. Therefore, the perceived interactivity by using inter-organizational system was confirmed as a prerequisite for the continuous relationship.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.85-102
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• 2000

The concept of variables is central to mathematics teaching and learning in junior and senior high school. Understanding the concept provides the basis for the transition from arithmetic to algebra and necessary for the meaningful use of all advanced mathematics. Despite the importance of the concept, however, much has been written in the last decade concerning students' difficulties with the concept. This Thesis is based on research to investigate the hypothesis that LOGO programming will contribute to 6th grader' learning of variables. The aim of the research were to; .investigate practice on pupils' understanding of variables before the activity with a computer; .identify functions of LOGO programming in pupils' using and understanding of variable symbols, variable domain and the relationship between two variable dependent expressions during the activity using a computer; .investigate the influence of pupils' mathematical belief on understanding and using variables. The research consisted predominantly of a case study of 6 pupils' discourse and activities concerning variable during their abnormal lessons and interviews with researcher. The data collected for this study included video recordings of the pupils'work with their spoken language.