• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.461-466
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• 2000

Tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III from the flowers of Pueraria thunbergiana showed potent hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Intraperitoneal administration of these two compounds with 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, for seven days to streptozotocin-induced rats significantly reduced the blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL- and VLDI-cholesterol and triglyceride levels when compared with those of control group. Glycitein in which 5-OH is unlinked and tectoridin (7-O-glycoside of tectorigenin) isolated from the flowers of P. thunbergiana did not improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In addition, tectorigenin showed in vitro antioxidant effects on 1,1-diphenyl-B-pirylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, xanthine-xanthine oxidase superoxide anion radical, and lipid peroxidation in rat microsomes induced by enzymatic and non-enzymatic methods. We further found that tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III protected the Vero cell line(normal monkey kidney) from injury by hydrogen peroxide. From these findings, it seems likely that the antioxidant action of tectorigenin and kaikasaponin III may alleviate the streptozotocin-induced toxicity and contribute to hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2009

Smallanthus sonchifolius (Yacon, Asteraceae) was originally cultivated in South America and used in food and traditional medicine by Andean inhabitants. Yacon is potentially beneficial for the management of diabetes and is composed of fructooligosaccharides, proteins, minerals and phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Yacon tuber extract (YTE) and its constituent, chlorogenic acid (CGA), in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In this study, a HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of major active phenolic components, CGA and caffeic acid in YTE. We investigated the hypoglycemic effect of YTE and CGA in STZ-induced diabetic rats and studied glucose tolerance test (GTT). The effect of orally administered multiple doses of YTE and CGA on plasma biochemical parameters was examined using diabetic rats. We also measured free radical scavenging activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Oral administration of YTE (200 mg/kg) and CGA (10 mg/kg) for 6 weeks produced a significant hypoglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats. YTE and CGA-treated groups exhibited significantly decreased plasma glucose surge during the GTT. Total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were significantly decreased by 33% and 49%, respectively, in YTE-treated rats. TC and TG concentrations were also significantly decreased by 26 % and 41%, respectively, in CGA-treated rats. In the DPPH assay, free radical scavenging activity of CGA was similar to that of vitamin E, a positive control. This study suggests that YTE and its constituent, CGA, may be a useful option for management of hyperglycemia and diabetic nephropathy.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제15권1_2호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1979

It is well known that picrotoxin, an amaroid substance of Anamirta cocculus, is a classic stimulant on the central nervous system accompanying convulsive activity, and it liberates catecholameine from the adrenal mdulla through its central action to increase blood sugar level. Schou reported that lithium and alcohol have the similar inhibitory property on the $Na^+,\;K^+$-ATPase activity, and recently, the therapeutic efficacies of lithium on the alcohol withdrawal syndrome and the chronic alcoholics have been studied. Many studies about the hypoglycemic effect of lithium and alcohol were reported but the interaction between those hypoglycemic action is little known. Therefore, in this paper, the hypoglycemic effect of lithium and ethanol on the hyperglycemia induced with picrotoxin, and the interaction of them in those hypoglycemic action were investigated with reference to the anticonvulsive action of them. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The convulsive dose (: $CD__{50}$) of picrotoxin in mice was slightly increased by the pretreatment of lithium or ethanol. 2. The blood sugar level was markedly increased by picrotoxin but the level was sugar level was significantly decreased by lithium, ethanol or both. 3. The hyperglycemic effect of picrotoxin was significantly potentiated by the lithium pretreatment, but the potentiation effect of lithium was markedly suppressed by the additional injection of ethanol after lithium injection and more markedly suppressed by the premedication of ethanol before lithium injection 4. The hyperglycemic effect of picrotoxin was markedly inhibited by the ethanol pretreatment, and the inhibitory effect of ethanol was significantly strenthened by the additional injection of lithium after ethanol injection, but on the contrary, the inhibitory effect was completely disappeared by the premedication of lithium before ethanol injection.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.408-410
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• 1996

3, 4-Dihydro-3-oxo-2H-1, 2, 4-benzothiadiazine-1, 1-dioxides were synthesized as conformationally rigid analogues of sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agents. All the compounds prepared showed hyperglycemic activity. The hyperglycemic activity was enhanced for the diabetic rats in which the blood glucose level was increased by 30-70%.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2004

The alcoholic extract of dried roots of Rubia cordifolia dose dependently reduced blood sugar level in alloxan treated rats. The extract also reduced ulcer index, plasma corticosterone in cold restrain stressed rats in dose related manner. The mice treated with alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia spent more time in the open arm of the elevated plus maze indicating anxiolytic activity. The extract also antagonized the amnesic effect of scopolamine in mice as indicated by reduced transfer latency in the elevated plus maze. Thus the plant bears potential for use in diabetes, stress, anxiety, and dementia.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of International Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.151.1-151.1
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• 2001

• 생약학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.225-232
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• 1991

The hypoglycemic and metabolic effects of Commelina communis L. extract were investigated in alloxan-diabetic rats. The increased blood glucose level in the diabetic rats was significantly lowered and the loss of body weight in the diabetic rats was recovered with the treatments of the crude extract. Administration of the extract elicited the significant increase of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and liver weight which were decreased in the alloxan-treated rat serum and liver. On the other hand, the kidney weight and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were increased in the alloxan treated rat kidney and were potentiated by the treatment of the extract. In both liver and kidney, together with serum, alkaline phosphatase and ATPase activities were increased in the alloxan diabetic rats and were not recovered, rather potentiated by the administration of the extract.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2013

The acute and subacute hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects of drinkable ripe onion juice (Commercial product name is "Black Onion Extract") were investigated in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For tests of acute and subacute hypoglycemic effects, ripe onion juice (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w.) was administered by oral gavage to normal Sprague Dawley rats and measurements of fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Tolbutamide was used as a reference drug at a single oral dose of 250 mg/kg b.w. To test anti-hyperglycemic activity, the ripe onion juice was administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by oral gavage at single dose of 15 mL/kg b.w. per day for 7 consecutive days. Oral administration of the ripe onion juice at either dosed level of 5 or 15 mL/kg b.w. showed no remarkable acute hypoglycemic effect in normal rats. The two dosed levels caused a relatively small reduction, only 18% and 12% (5 and 15 mL/kg b.w., respectively) decrease in glucose levels at 2 h after glucose loading in normal rats. However, at 3 h after glucose loading, blood glucose levels in the ripe onion juice-dosed rats were decreased to the corresponding blood glucose level in tolbutamide-dosed rats. Although showing weak hypoglycemic potential compared to that of tolbutamide, oral administration of ripe onion juice (15 mL/kg b.w.) for a short period (8 days) resulted in a slight reduction in the blood glucose levels that had elevated in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that the commercial product "Black Onion Extract" may possess antihyperglycemic potential in diabetes.

• 생약학회지
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• 제34권1호통권132호
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• pp.75-79
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• 2003

Alloxan 및 streptozotocin 유도 당뇨모델 동물에서 손바닥 선인장 (Opuntia ficus-indica fructus)의 혈당강하효과를 조사하였다. 손바닥 선인장의 열매와 잎은 in vitro에서 흰쥐의 소장 ${\alpha}-glucosidase$를 농도의존적으로 저해하였다. 손바닥 선인장의 열매와 잎으로 정상 생쥐와 streptozotocin으로 유도한 당뇨 모델 생쥐에서 Opuntia ficus-indica의 혈당강하 효과를 조사한 결과 maltose, sucrose 부하에 의한 혈당 상승을 농도 의존적으로 유의하게 억제하였다. 그러나 alloxan 유도 당뇨모델 동물에서는 혈당강하효과가 약하였다. 아울러 이 손바닥 선인장 잎과 열매는 정상 생쥐에서도 혈당강하효과를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 손바닥 선인장은 인슐린 의존형인 제 1형 당뇨에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2009

오미자의 전통식품소재로의 활용성을 높이기 위해 물과 에탄올, 그리고 추출온도와 시간을 달리하여 추출하여 얻은 추출물로부터 항산화능과 혈당 강하능을 살펴보았다. 총 페놀함량은 추출온도에 따른 차이를 크게 나타내었다. 60$^{\circ}C$에서 추출하였을 때 실온에서 추출한 것보다 51${\sim}$68% 더 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 또한 물 추출보다는 60% 에탄올로 추출하였을 때 더 높은 페놀을 함유한 것으로 나타났다. DPPH 유리 라디칼 소거능을 비롯한 $ABTS^+$ 라디칼, Nitrite 소거능 또한 60$^{\circ}C$에서 60% 에탄올로 추출하였을 때 유의적으로 가장 높았으며, 환원력도 60% 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높은 환원력을 나타내었다. 오미자 추출물의 인슐린 비의존형인 제2형 당뇨환자들의 식후 혈당을 저하시키는 효능을 검토하기 위해 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 의 활성 저해력을 살펴본 결과, 5가지 추출 조건중 60$^{\circ}C$에서 60% 에탄올로 추출한 추출물이 유의적으로 가장 높은 저해력을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 오미자로부터 유용성분 용출 및 기능성 증대를 위해 60$^{\circ}C$에서 60% 에탄올로 추출하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각된다.