• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.225-228
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• 2007

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate oriental medicine therapy on a hyperthyroidism(T3 toxicosis) patient Methods : The clinical data was analyzed on a patient with hyperthiroidism(T3 toxicosis). This patient was treated with oriental medicine therapy only. After treatment, we analyzed a paient clinical symptom and thyroid function(T3, free T4, TSH) Results : After treatment, improvement was seen in clinical symptom, thyroid function test. conclusion : The study suggests that oriental medicine therapy is effective on the treatment of hyperthyroidism(T3 toxicosis).

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.41-44
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• 1980

To evaluate the change of serum myoglobin in the thyroid disease, we measured serum myoglobin by radioimmunoassay in 24 normal subjects, 34 patients with hyperthyroidism (20 untreated, 14 treated) and 5 patients with hypothyroidism. The mean values of serum myoglobin in 24 normal control, 20 untreated hyperthyroidism, and 14 treated hyperthyroidism were $50.9{\pm}17.0ng/ml,\;39.1{\pm}20.3ng/ml\;and\;51.0{\pm}18.3ng/ml$ respectively. The serum myoglobin level of untreated hyperthyroidism seemed to be lower than that of normal control without statistical significance. The serum myoglobin levels in 5 patients with hypothyroidism ranged 28-156 ng/ml, and 3 patients showed increased serum myoglobin level. We observed one case with severe degree of thyrotoxic myopathy whose serum myoglobin level was markedly elevated initially and was decreased to normal range after treatment. This results suggests that the determination of serum myoglobin might be useful in the evaluation of thyrotoxic myopathy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.481-487
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• 2014

Ischemic postconditioning (IPost) could decrease ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. It has not yet reported whether IPost is useful when ischemic heart disease is accompanied with co-morbidities like hyperthyroidism. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of IPost on myocardial IR injury in hyperthyroid male rats. Hyperthyroidism was induced with administration of thyroxine in drinking water (12 mg/L) over a period of 21 days. After thoracotomy, the hearts of control and hyperthyroid rats were perfused in the Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 30 minutes global ischemia, followed by 120 minutes reperfusion; IPost, intermittent early reperfusion, was induced instantly following ischemia. In control rats, IPost significantly improved the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and ${\pm}dp/dt$ during reperfusion (p<0.05); however it had no effect in hyperthyroid rats. In addition, hyperthyroidism significantly increased basal $NO_x$ (nitrate+nitrite) content in serum ($125.5{\pm}5.4{\mu}mol/L$ vs. $102.8{\pm}3.7{\mu}mol/L$; p<0.05) and heart ($34.9{\pm}4.1{\mu}mol/L$ vs. $19.9{\pm}1.94{\mu}mol/L$; p<0.05). In hyperthyroid groups, heart $NO_x$ concentration significantly increased after IR and IPost, whereas in the control groups, heart $NO_x$ were significantly higher after IR and lower after IPost (p<0.05). IPost reduced infarct size (p<0.05) only in control groups. In hyperthyroid group subjected to IPost, aminoguanidine, an inducible nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor, significantly reduced both the infarct size and heart $NO_x$ concentrations. In conclusion, unlike normal rats, IPost cycles following reperfusion does not provide cardioprotection against IR injury in hyperthyroid rats; an effect that may be due to NO overproduction because it is restored by iNOS inhibition.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.648-655
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• 2003

In this study, the effects of Gamgung-tang gamibang on the hyperthyroidism induced by the intraperitoneal injection of 3,5,3-triiodothyronine was examined by the measurement of physical changes, body weight, the volume of food intake and rectal temperature, and heart weight, heart beat, blood pressure with contrast to propranolol, one of beta-blocking agents. the obtained results were as follows. The Gamgung-tang gamibang extract showed to inhibit the decrease of body weight and rectal temperature, and decrease the food intake, so the inhibitory effects of Gamgung-tang gamibang extract on the experimental hyperthyroidism were exhibited. The Gamgung-tang gamibang extract showed the inhibitory effects on the circulatory functions changed and enhanced by the experimental induced hyperthyroidism, the action of Gamgung-tang gamibang extract was less effective than the propranolol of D-CONT group. The Gamgung-tang gamibang extract showed significant effects to inhibit the concentration of serum thyroid houmone, more effective than the propranolol, beta-blocking agents. The Gamgung-tang gamibang extract showed the effective inhibitory reaction on the biochemical changes in serum, cholesterol, ketone bodies, free fatty acid, glucose in hyperthyroid rats induced by 3,5,3-triiodothyronine.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.124-132
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• 2007

Objective : This study was to elucidate the effects of Hyunsamkabhangbang (HSK) on the hyperthyroidism induced by sodium levothyroxine. Method : Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into five groups. Except the normal group, the other four groups were treated with sodium levothyroxine 160${\mu}g/kg/day$ for 5 days by oral administration. Among the four groups, all except one (as control) were treated with various concentrations of HSK (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g/kg/days) for 3 days separately. T3-uptake, T3, T4, TSH, total cholesterol, free fatty acid, ${\beta}$-lipoprotein, glucose, ALP, AST, ALT change in the serum and body weight of rats were measured after medication of solid extract of HSK. Results : HSK decreased significantly serum T3, T4, T3-uptake, ALP, free fatty acid and glucose level in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. HSK increased significantly serum TSH and total cholesterol level and body weight in a dose-dependent manner compared with control. HSK also increased serum ${\beta}$-lipoprotein level compared with control, but not statistically meaningfully. HSK increased significantly serum AST and ALT level compared with control, but relationship to hyperthyroidism is not found. Conclusions : From these results, it could be concluded that HSK lowers excess thyroid hormone and increased metabolism, resulting in improvement of hyperthyroid state.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.305-331
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• 1997

So far we oriental medical doctors have referred to Shin(腎) as endocrine system, especially suprarenal gland, sexual gland and autonomic nervous system, thyroid etc. as well as kidney. But the sight on thyroid is weak and the relationship with Shin(腎) hasn't been suggested clearly. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between Shin(腎) with thyroid. The following are the results. 1. Ki Gi(氣機) of Shin(腎) is similar to the fuction of thyroid in that they are the base of human metabolism, influencing all the metabolism of human tissue. 2. Shin Yang(腎陽) and thyroid hormone are almost identical in that they are the base of Yang Gi(陽氣), the former as source of heat energy, the latter as energy hormone. 3. Shin(腎) and thyroid hormone are almost the same in that they activate growth of human body. 4. Ki Gi(氣機) of Shin(腎) such as Ju Gol(主骨), Saeng Su(生髓), Tong uh Noi(通於腦) is similar to the effects of thyroid hormone on bones, central nervous system and hair 5. The symptoms of deficiency of Shin Eum(腎陰虛) are almost identical with those of hyperthyroidism, so the process of Yang Hwa Gi(陽化氣) caused by exuberance of Yang due to deficiency of Shin Eum(腎陰虛陽亢) is similar to excessive metabolism caused by hyperthyroidism. 6. The process of Eum Seong Hyung(陰成形) caused by preponderance of Eum due to deficiency of Shin Yang(腎陽虛陰盛) is similar to the lowering of metabolism caused by hypothyroidism. 7. Deficiency of Shin Eum(腎陰虛) is similar to hyperthyroidism, deficiency of Shin Yang(腎陽虛) to hypothyroidism. But there are major difference in edema and the fuction of intestine. To conclude, Ki Gi(氣機) of Shin is similar to the function of throid in many respects. I hope that there will be further studies on the relationship beteen thyroid malfuction with deficiency of Shin Yang(腎陽虛) or of Shin Eum(腎陰虛) in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.129-143
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• 2024

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂), a novel endogenous gas signaling molecule, is involved in the regulation of cardiac function. Exerting a key role in progression of hyperthyroidism-induced cardiomyopathy (HTC), myocardial fibrosis is mainly caused by myocardial apoptosis, leading to poor treatment outcomes and prognoses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SO₂ on the hyperthyroidism-induced myocardial fibrosis and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Elisa, Masson staining, Western-Blot, transmission electron microscope, and immunofluorescence were employed to evaluate the myocardial interstitial collagen deposition, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, changes in endogenous SO₂, and Hippo pathways from in vitro and in vivo experiments. The study results indicated that the hyperthyroidism-induced myocardial fibrosis was accompanied by decreased cardiac function, and down-regulated ERS, apoptosis, and endogenous SO₂-producing enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AAT)1/2 in cardiac myocytes. In contrast, exogenous SO₂ donors improved cardiac function, reduced myocardial interstitial collagen deposition, up-regulated AAT1/2, antagonized ERS and apoptosis, and inhibited excessive activation of Hippo pathway in hyperthyroid rats. In conclusion, the results herein suggested that SO₂ inhibited the overactivation of the Hippo pathway, antagonized ERS and apoptosis, and alleviated myocardial fibrosis in hyperthyroid rats. Therefore, this study was expected to identify intervention targets and new strategies for prevention and treatment of HTC.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.69-82
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• 1981

The purpose of this study was to compare the needs among the patients of hyperthyroid, malignant tumor and normal adult to clarify the level of the need for the patient of hyperthyroid. We analysed relationships between their personal characteristics and their needs to contribute comprehensive nursing care for the patient of hyperthyroid. The . subjects were chosen from 60 persons who visited for general physical examination at Ewha Woman's University Medical Center., 72 patients having diagnosis with hyperthyroidism, and 72 patients admitted with malignant tumors at atomic neuclear medical center. The data was collected from September 1 to December 31, 1980, and the study population was selected by means of convenience sampling. The data was analysed by means of the standard deviation and analysis of variance. The results were as follows: 1. In the patients having hyperthyroid, male to female ratio was 1 :13.5, and incidence was peak at the age groups of 20 to 40. 2. In compare with the needs among 3 groups, there are significant relationships: the patient of cancer has shown the highest score with Achievement, Aggression and Dominance, the patient of hyperthyroid shown higher and the normal adult shown low score. .In the need related with sex, there is significant relationship: the normal adult has shown highest score, the patient having hyperthyroid shown the higher score and the patient of cancer shown the low score. 3. Tn compare with Whang's Edward personal preference schedule, the Hyperthyroidism shown relatively higher needs for aggression, dominance, exhibitionism and sex.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 1980

In order to compare the therapeutic effect as well as side effects between antithyroid therapy and radioiodine therapy in hyperthyroidism, the author evaluated 111 cases of hyperthyroidism which were composed of 57 patients with antithyroid treatment, 23 patients with combined treatment comprising of antithyroid and radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) and 31 patients with treatment of $^{131}I$ alone. The $^{131}I$ treatment was limited to older age, above 20 years of age, and not employed in patients with pregnancy and lactation. The patients treated with antithyroid belonged to relatively younger age, and also milder in symptoms and thyroid function tests. The remission rate of antithyroid therapy group was 97.8% within 16 months. Among them the early remission rate occured within 4 months was found to be 21.7%. The combined therapy group, having prescribed more severe cases, showed the remission rate to be 75% within 16 months. The remission rate of $^{131}I$ therapy group revealed 90.9% within 16 months. Among them the early remission rate taking place within 4 months disclosed 16.7%. The side effects of antithyroid drug, propylthiouracil, were noted as follows: itching (2.7%) skin rashes (1.3%), and adverse enlargement of goiter (10.7%). The side effects $^{131}I$ therapy were transient hypothyroidism(3.9%) permanent hypothyroidism (7.8%) and itching (2.0%).

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.501-508
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• 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of traditional Korean medicine on a patient with hyperthyroidism, who could not use antithyroid medication due to an adverse reaction to methimazole. Methods: Herbal medicine was administered and acupuncture was carried out. A thyroid function test was used to evaluate the effects of the treatment. Results: After treatment with traditional Korean medicine and therapy, the patient showed significant improvements in symptoms and FT4 levels. Conclusion: This case proved that traditional Korean medicine can be used for patients who have adverse reactions to antithyroid medication; however, studies of larger populations are required in the future.