• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2017

Background: Use of prebiotics in companion animal nutrition is often considered advantageous over probiotics because of the ease of handling, ability to withstand processing and storage etc. While most of the studies on prebiotic use in dogs have been done with processed food as basal diet, the response in relation to homemade diet feeding is not very well explored. Methods: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on nutrient digestibility, hindgut fermentation, immune response and antioxidant indices in dogs. Ten Spitz pups were divided into two groups: control (CON) with no supplementation, and experimental (MOS) wherein the basal diet was supplemented with MOS at 15 g/kg diet. All dogs were fed on a home-prepared diet for a period of 150 days. The study protocol included a digestion trial, periodic blood collection and analysis for lipid profile and erythrocytic antioxidants. Immune response of the animals was assessed towards the end of the feeding period. Results: Results revealed no significant (P > 0.05) variations in palatability score, intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients between the groups. Faecal score, faeces voided, faecal pH, concentrations of ammonia, lactate and short-chain fatty acids were comparable (P > 0.05) between the two groups. Cell-mediated immune response, assessed as delayed-type of hypersensitivity response, was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the MOS group. The percent of lymphocyte sub-populations CD4+ and ratio of CD4+:CD8+ were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in MOS group. The serum IgG levels were similar (P > 0.05) in both the groups. Supplementation of MOS lowered (P < 0.05) serum total- and LDL- cholesterol levels, when compared with the control group. The erythrocytic antioxidant indices were similar (P > 0.05) between the two groups. Conclusions: The results indicated that supplementation of MOS at the rate of 15 g/kg in the diet of dog augmented the cell-mediated immune response and serum lipid profile without any influences on digestibility of nutrients, hindgut fermentation and antioxidants indices.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.295-318
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• 1995

In order to investigate the effect of Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Sanggukeum on immune function, the author performed this experimental study. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and rosette forming cells(RFC) for cell-mediated immune response, hemagglutinin (HA) titers, hemolysin (HL) titers and plaque forming cells (PFC) for humoral immune response, immunoglogbulin (Ig G) titer, splenic natural Killer cell activity (NKCA) carbon clearance for phagocytic function of MPS(mononuclear phagocyte system) and change of weight were measured in ICR mice. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. DTH was increased with statistical significance in all of the treated group as compared with the control group. 2. RFC was increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb but in case of sanggukeum and gamisanggukeum valuable increase of RFC was not recognized as compared with the control group. 3. HA titers were increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb but in cases of Sanggukeum and Gamisanggukeum HA titers were not recognized as compared with the control group. 4. HL titers were increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb but in cases of Sanggukeum and Gamisanggukeum valuable increase of HL titer was not recognized as compared with the control group. 5. PFC was increased in all of the treated group but valuable increase of PFC was not recognized as compared with the controal group. 6. Ig G titers were increased in all of the treated group but valuable increase of Ig G titer was not recognized as compared with the control group. 7. NKCA was increased with statistical significance in case of Houttuynia cordate Thunb but in case of Sanggukeum and Gamisanggukeum valuable increase of NKCA was not recognized as compared with the control group. 8. Carbon clearance was increased with statistical significance in case of Sanggukeum but in case of Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Gamisanggukeum valuable increase of carbon clearance was not recognized as compared with the control group. 9. Change of weight was increased with statistical significance in all of the treated group. Through in vivo experimental study in ICR mice, Houttuynia cordata Thunb enhances the cell-mediated immune responce, the humoral immune responce and natural killer cell activity. And Houttuynia cordata Thunb enhances immune responce as compared with that plused Sanggukeum. Sanggukeum enhances carbon clearance and enhances a little cell-mediated immune responce, the humoral immune response and natural killer cell activity. According to the above results it seems Houttuynia cordata Thunb and Sanggukeum was able to use Infection, Inflammation and Tumor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1539-1545
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• 2007

An experiment was conducted using 20 male buffalo calves to study the effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on their immune response and plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and selenium status. These buffalo calves (10-12 months old, average body weight $75.30{\pm}2.20 $ kg) were randomly allotted to four treatments on the basis of their body weights and were fed on wheat straw and concentrate mixture to meet their nutrient requirements of 500 g/d body weight gain. The buffalo calves were fed either a control diet (neither supplemented with Se nor VE) or diets supplemented with Se at 0.3 ppm (+Se), DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate at 300 IU (+VE), and both DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate at 300 IU and Se at 0.3 ppm (+Se+VE). These experimental diets were fed for 180 days. Blood samples were collected at day 0 and subsequently at 45 day intervals up to 180 days of experimental feeding to monitor plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and Se concentrations. To assess humoral immune response, all calves were sensitized with formalin inactivated Pasteurella multocida antigen at 135 days of experimental feeding and blood was collected on 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post vaccination (DPV) to measure antibody production using indirect ELISA. Cell mediated immune response of calves was assessed after 180 days of experimental feeding by in vivo delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction using phytohaemaglutinin-P (PHA-P) as a mitogen. Results revealed that feeding of VE and Se improved the plasma levels of these nutrients. Plasma levels of Se were affected by supplementation of both VE (p<0.001) and Se (p<0.001); however, no interaction ($Se{\times}VE$) was observed. Supplementation of Se improved the humoral immune response (p<0.008), whereas, VE showed a tendency towards improvement in cell mediated immune response (p<0.064). It was concluded that vitamin E and Se supplementation improved the status of these micronutrients and humoral immune response in buffalo calves.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 1978

항암제(抗癌劑)로 잘 알려진 cyclophosphamide(CY)를 성숙(成熟)한 마우스에 체중(體重) kg당(當) 300mg을 복강내(腹腔內)에 투여(投與)하여 CY가 체중(體重), 비장중량(脾臟重量) 및 말초임파조직(末梢淋巴組織)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 실험(實驗)하였다. CY는 마우스의 체중(體重)을 약간(若干) 감소(減少)시켰으나 체중(體重)은 곧 회복(回復)되었다. CY가 비장중량(脾臟重量)에 미치는 영향(影響)은 현저(顯著)하였는데 초기(初期)엔 비장중량(脾臟重量)은 감소(減少)되었으나 곧 회복(回復)되고 그 후(後) 정상(正常)보다 더 증가(增加)되었는데 그 증가(增加)는 CY투여(投與) 20일(日)이 지나서야 정상(正常)으로 되돌아왔다. 비장(脾臟) 및 임파절(淋巴節)의 조직학적(組織學的) 형태(形態)에 미치는 CY의 영향(影響)은 다양(多樣)하였다. 즉(卽), 흉선의존세포(胸線依存細胞)가 위치(位置)하는 비장(脾臟)의 periarterial lymphatic sheath와 임파절(淋巴節)의 paracortex는 골수유래세포(骨髓由來細胞)가 위치(位置)하는 follicles보다 1일(日) 내지(乃至) 2일(日) 늦게 소실(消失)되었으며 비장(脾臟)의 비대(肥大)가 최고(最高)에 달(達죠)하였을때 비장(脾臟)이나 임파절(淋巴節)의 구조(構造)는 동일(同一)한 임파양세포(淋巴樣細胞)로 구성(構成)된 interstitial tissue로 대치(代置)되어 있었다. 비장(脾臟)의 중량(重量)이 정상화(正常化)되어감에 따라 비장(脾臟)이나 임파절(淋巴節)의 구조(構造)가 정상화(正常化) 되어갔다. 이와 같은 본(本) 실험(實驗)의 소견(所見)은 CY는 골수유래세포(骨髓由來細胞) 뿐만 아니라 흉선의존세포(胸線依存細胞)에도 영향(影響)을 미친다고 사료(思料)된다. 저자(著者)들은 전보(前報)에서 CY에 의(依)한 지연성과민반응(遲延性過敏反應)의 항진(亢進)은 suppressor T cell의 제거(除去)에 기인(基因)한 것이라고 시사(示唆)하였는데 본(本) 실험결과(實驗結果)는 이를 뒷받침해준다고 사료(思料)되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-42
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• 1995

수은이 마우스의 세포성 및 체액성 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 실험을 통해 얻은 결과를 다음과 같이 요약하는 바이다. $10^{-2}mM$이상의 농도에서 수은은 시험관내의 마우스 비장세포에 대한 명백한 독성 작용(toxic effect)을 나타냈다. 수은에 의한 마우스 생존을(survival rate)은 0.8mg(per 100g body weight) 이하의 농도에서는 100%생존율을 나타냈으며, 0.9mg 이상의 농도에서는 5일 이내에 100% 치사율을 나타냈다. Subtoxic 농도의 수은 투여에 따른 Arthus 및 DTH반응의 결과는 $Arthus(T_3)$반응에 있어서 수은 투여군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았던 반면, $T_{24},\;T_{48}$의 DTH반응은 수은 투여군이 대조군에 비하여 억제되었다. 수은 투여 마우스의 면양적혈구(SRBC)에 대한 항체반응을 측정한 결과 면양적혈구에 대한 총응집소가는 수은 투여 농도에 의존적으로 대조군의 값에 비해 억제되었다. 시험관 내에서 마이토젠에 대한 비장세포의 증식 반응은 수은 농도에 의존적으로 억제되었다. 수은 투여군의 IgE 생산은 농도 증가에 따라 $1.7\sim2.0$배의 수준으로 증가하였으며, $IgG_1$의 경우도 증가의 경향을 보였으나 대조군에 비해 큰 차는 아니었다. 이상의 결과를 살펴볼 때 수은 중독시 출현할 수 있는 면역반응의 변화로서, 초기에는 세포성 면역반응의 감소가 현저할 것으로 사료되나 중독이 진행됨에 따라 Ig농도의 상승을 제외한 체액성 면역반응의 전반적인 감소가 수반될 것으로 예측된다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1979

암환자(癌患者)에서 세포성면역반응(細胞性免疫反應)이 대체적(大體的)으로 억제(抑制)되었다는 사실(事實)은 여러 항원(抗原)에 대(對)한 피부반응(皮膚反應)의 감소(減少), 임파구(淋巴球)의 mitogen에 대(對)한 임파아구형성반응저하(淋巴芽球形成反應低下) 및 임파구(淋巴球)와 면양적혈구(緬羊赤血球)(SRBC)와의 자연로젤형성(自然로젤形成)의 감소(減少) 등에 의(依)하여 구명(究明)되었다. 그러나 이와 같은 현상(現象)에 대(對)한 기전(機轉)의 설명(說明)은 많은 연구(硏究)에도 불구(不句)하고 아직 미흡(未洽)하다. 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서 저자(著者)는 간암(肝癌) 및 폐암환자(肺癌患者)로부터 무균적(無菌的)으로 채취(採取)한 복수(腹水) 및 늑막액(肋膜液)을 마우스에 SRBC로 면역(免疫)하기 2일전(日前), 항원조사(抗原注射)와 동시(同時) 또는 항원주사(抗原注射) 2일(日)에 투여(投與)하여 마우스의 SRBC에 대(對)한 세포성(細胞性) 및 체액성면역반응(體液性免疫反應)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 실험(實驗)하였다. 그 결과(結果) SRBC로 면역(免疫)하기 전(前)에 암성삼출액(癌性渗出液)을 투여(投與)받은 마우스군(群)의 면역반응(免疫反應)은 대조군(對照群)의 면역반응(免疫反應)에 비(比)하여 유의성(有意性)있는 감소(減少)를 보인데 비(比)하여, 암성삼출액(癌性渗出液)을 SRBC와 동시(同時) 및 항원주사(抗原注射) 후(後)에 투여(投與)받은 마우스군(群)의 면역반응(免疫反應)은 대조군(對照群)의 그것과 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었다. 따라서 이상(以上)의 본(本) 실험결과(實驗結果)는 암성삼출액(癌性渗出液)이 면역억제인자(免疫抑制因子)를 가지고 있으며 이 억제인자(抑制因子)는 면역계(免疫系)의 afferent arc을 억제(抑制)함을 강력(强力)히 시사(示唆)한 증거(證據)라고 사료(思料)된다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1979

Phytohemagglutinia(PHA) 단독투여(單獨投與) 및 PHA와 Cyclophosphamide(CY)의 동시투여(同時投與)가 마우스의 세포성(細胞性) 및 체액성면역(體液性免疫)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 알아보고저 면양적혈구(緬羊赤血球)(SRBC)로 마우스를 면역(免疫)하기 전에 PHA 및 CY를 투여(投與)하여 말초혈액(末梢血液)의 총(總) 백혈구수(白血球數)와 백혈구백분율검사(白血球百分率檢査), SRBC로 유도(誘導)한 족척종창반응검사(足蹠腫脹反應檢査) 및 비장세포(脾臟細胞)의 rosette 형성검사(形成檢査)를 실시(實施)하였으며 아울러 SRBC에 대(對)한 응집소항체가(凝集素抗體價) 및 용혈소항체가(溶血素抗體價)를 측정(測定)하였다. 그 결과(結果) PHA를 투여(投與)한 마우스군(群)의 면역반응(免疫反應)은 대체(大體)로 감소(減少)되었다. CY만을 투여(投與)한 마우스군(群)의 체액성면역반응(體液性免疫反應)은 감소(減少)되었으나 세포성(細胞性) 면역반응(免疫反應)은 증가(增加)되었다. 이에 반(反)하여 CY 투여전(投與前)에 PHA로 마우스를 전처리(前處理)한 경우 체액성면역반응(體液性免疫反應) 뿐만 아니라 세포성(細胞性) 면역반응(免疫反應)도 감소(減少)되었는데 이 면역반응(免疫反應)의 감소(減少)는 PHA를 CY 투여(投與) 5일전(日前)에 전처리(前處理)한 마우스군(群)에서 가장 현저(顯著)하였다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.423-434
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• 1986

The role of macrophages in the resistance of ICR mice to Candida albicans and Salmonella typhimurium was assessed using silica, agent which selectively inactivates macrophages or poly-2-vinylpyridine-N-oxide(PVNO), a lysosomal stabilizing agent. In addition, effect of silica on humoral and cellular immune responses to sheep red blood cells(SRBC) or polyvinylpyroridone(PVP) was examind. Colonyforming units(CFU) of C. albicans or S. typhimurium in the spleen, livers and kidneys of silica-treated or diluent-treated mice were enumerated at various times after infection. Silica was given i. v. to mice at 4 days or 1 day before infection. Although there was no apparent differences in the number of CFU of C. albicans cultured from the spleens or livers of silica-treated and control mice at every assay period, significant differences in the number of CFU of C. albicans in the kidneys of silica-treated and control mice. Namely, silica given to mice 1 day before infection significantly increased the number of CFU of C. albicans in the kidneys at 2, 4 and 6 days after infection, but did not change the number of CFU at 8 days after infection. Silica given to mice at 4 days before infection significantly increased the number CFU in the kidneys at 2 and 4 days after infection, but rather decreased the number of CFU at 8 days after infection. The number of CFU of C. albians cultured from the kidneys of splenectomized which were experimentally infected mice was similar to the number recovered from sham-operated mice at 4 and 8 days postinfection irrespective of time of infection relative to operation. The pretreatment of mice with PVNO appeared to abrogate the silica-induced susceptibility of mice to C. albicans. PVNO alone showed somewhat protective effect against challenge with C. albicans. In contrast, silica treatment did not alter the number of CFU of S. typhimurium recovered from the spleens and kidneys of mice. The administration of silica to mice at 4 days or 1 day before SRBC immunization significantly suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) reactions to SRBC and antibody production to SRBC, a thymus-dependent antigen and PVP, a thymus-independent antigen. These results provide evidence that macrophages play an important role in susceptibility to Candida infection and strongly demonstrated that macrophages play an essential role in the induction of immune responses in mice.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.87-112
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• 1989

In order to investigate experimentally the effects of Sung-yangikgibujat'ang (SIT) and Kwangyebujalijungt'ang (KBT) on Yang-insufficient syndrome (陽虛證) induced by Hydrocortisone acetate (H.A.) in experimental animals (Mice and Rat), the author experimented various activities. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), Rosette forming cells (RFC), hemagglutinin (HA) titers, Hemolysin (HL) titers, Body weight, Whole blood viscosity, Plasma Viscosity, Hematocrit, RBC, Albumin, Total protein, Triglyceride, cholesterol and Glucose were measured. The results summerized as follows; 1. In DTH and RFC all the experimental groups were increased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 2. In HA titers SIT_treated group were increased significantly and KBT-treated group showed increasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 3. In HL titers all the experimental groups showed increasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 4. In body weight all the experimental groups showed increasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 5. In whole blood viscosity all the experimental groups were decreased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 5. In whole blood viscosity all the experimental groups were decreased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 6. In plasma viscosity KBT-treated group were decreased significantly and SIT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 7. In Hematocrit SIT-treated group were decreased significantly and KBT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 8. In RBC, albumin and cholesterol all the experimental groups were decreased significantly in comparison to the H.A.-treated group. 9. In total protein and triglyceride KBT-treated group were decreased significantly and SIT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. 10. In Glucose SIT-treated group were decreased significantly and KBT-treated group showed decreasing tendancy, but showed no significance. From above findings, it has been demonstrated that Sungyangikgibujat'ang and Kwangyebujalijungt'ang seem to produce the effectiveness on the recovery from depression of the cell-mediated immune response, blood circulation and energy metabolic rate, induced by Hydrocortisone acetate, and in the humoral immune response Sungyangikgibujat'ang have the effectiveness on the recovery, and in cellular component of blood Sungyangikgibujat'ang was more effective than Kwangyebujalijungt' ang, and in plasma of blood Kwangyebujalijungt'ang was more effective than Sungyangikgibujat'ang. Therefore it is suggested that Sungyangikgibujat'ang and Kwangyebujalijungt'ang have the effectiveness on the recovery from Yang-insufficient syndrome more or less.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 1987

The use of alkylating agent cyclophosphamide(CY), a widely used antitumor drug is well known as a potent immunosuppressant and has been used as a probe for investigating the functional capabilities of lymphocyte subsets of both T and B cells that play an important role in the regulation of the immune response. The present study was undertaken in an effort to assess the effects of CY on immunological memory in murine model. CY, given as a single dose of CY(250mg/kg) before sensitization with sheep red blood cells(SRBC) enhanced the primary response of Arthus and delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), as measured by footpad swelling reaction, but suppressed their tertiary DTH response. The similar CY pretreatment enhanced both the primary and tertiary hemagglutinin(HA) responses to SRBC, and the tertiary antibody response against polyvinylpyrroridone(PVP), a thymus-independent antigen but not the primary response against PVP. CY, given as a single dose of 250mg/kg 2 days before the primary immunization and two doses of 100mg/kg 2 days before the secondary and tertiary immunization, markedly suppressed the tertiary DTH and HA responses to SRBC. However, CY, given as small multiple daily doses(10mg/kg) over 4 days before sensitization but not after sensitization, enhanced the secondary HA response to SRBC. Contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB) was suppressed by the drug, given either as a single large dose(300mg/kg) or as multiple dose(10mg/kg) administered 2 days before, together with or after DNFB sensitization. This suppression was more pronounced and more significant when CY was given as multiple dose. However, the enhancement of the secondary contact sensitivity to DNFB by CY was not clear-cut. The splenectomy appears to increase the enhancing effect of CY on contact sensitivity. These results suggest that CY selectively influences the immune response depending on the time of the drug administration relative to immunization and that the secondary or tertiary immune response involve memory cells with different susceptibilities to CY. Moreover, these results suggest that multiple low doses may sesectivley inhibit suppressor T cell proliferation involving DTH, HA or contact sensitivity without effecting helper T cells, but high doses presumably inhibit helper T cells and suppressor T cells with effecting B cells.